l14107cb 发表于 2024-8-19 14:17:46

外贸知识 | 制品出口到区别的国家必要做哪些出口认证?

<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/7dZmMhCSFSc7ic01t41G0Ru9x4oqrbDQKYl1S4QU0NfGWp6kRvyPveg6o63ag6eHShjqVmMrT7GYlEQiapB2rBTg/640?wx_fmt=gif&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/7dZmMhCSFSc7ic01t41G0Ru9x4oqrbDQK8ZZcWETWrGdOErCJL16ibeATibYcWyfu4nwKDk9m4g6sRlFibLjwNibwZQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">出口认证是一种贸易信任背书,当前国际贸易环境<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>多变,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>市场、<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别,所<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的认证及标准<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">本文整理了外贸中较为常用的出口认证,供<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>参考。</span></span>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">一</strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">国际认证</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.<strong style="color: blue;">ISO9000</strong></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">国际标准化组织(International Organization for Standardization)是世界上最大的非政府性标准化专门<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,它在国际标准化中占主导地位。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">ISO9000&nbsp;标准为国际标准化组织 (ISO) 发布,贯彻实施 GB/T19000—ISO9000 族标准,开展质量认证,协调世界范围内的标准化工作,组织各成员国和技术委员会进行情报交流,以及与其他国际性组织进行合作,<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>标准化问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.<strong style="color: blue;">GMP</strong></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">GMP是良好生产操作规范(Good ManufacturingPractice)的缩写,是一种<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>注重在生产过程实施对食品卫生安全的管理。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">简要的说,GMP<span style="color: black;">需求</span>食品生产企业应具备良好的生产设备,<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的生产过程,完善的质量管理和严格的检测系统,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的质量(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>食品安全卫生)符合法规<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。GMP所规定的内容,是食品加工企业<span style="color: black;">必要</span>达到的最基本的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.HACCP</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HACCP是<span style="color: black;">害处</span>分析和关键<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>点(Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)的缩写。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">HACCP体系被认为是<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>食品安全和风味品质的最好、最有效的管理体系。国家标准GB/T15091-1994《食品工业基本术语》对HACCP的定义为:生产(加工)安全食品的一种<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>手段。对原料、关键生产工序及影响<span style="color: black;">制品</span>安全的人为<span style="color: black;">原因</span>进行分析,确定加工过程中的关键环节,<span style="color: black;">创立</span>、完善监控程序和监控标准,采取规范的纠正<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">国际标准CAC/RCP-1《食品卫生通则1997修订3版》对HACCP的定义为:鉴别、<span style="color: black;">评估</span>和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>对食品安全至关重要的<span style="color: black;">害处</span>的一种体系。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.<strong style="color: blue;">EMC&nbsp;</strong></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">电子、电器<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的电磁兼容性(EMC)是一项非常重要的质量指标,它不仅关系到<span style="color: black;">制品</span>本身的工作<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>性和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>安全性,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>还可能影响到其他设备和系统的正常工作,关系到电磁环境的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">欧共体政府规定,从1996年1月1起,所有电气电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>EMC认证,加贴CE标志后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>在欧共体市场上<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。此举在世界上<span style="color: black;">导致</span>广泛影响,各国政府纷纷采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,对电气电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的RMC性能实行强制性管理。国际上比较有影响的,例如欧盟89/336/EEC等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">5.IPPC</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">IPPC标识,即国际木质包装检疫<span style="color: black;">办法</span>标准。IPPC标识用以识别符合IPPC标准的木质包装,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>该木质包装<span style="color: black;">已然</span>经过IPPC检疫标准处理。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2002年3月国际植物<span style="color: black;">守护</span>公约(International Plant Protection Convention,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>IPPC)发布了国际植物检疫<span style="color: black;">办法</span>标准第15号出版物《国际贸易中木质包装材料管理准则》(Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packing Material in International Trade),简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>第15号国际标准,即为国际木质包装检疫<span style="color: black;">办法</span>标准。IPPC标识用以识别符合IPPC标准的木质包装,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>该<span style="color: black;">目的</span>装<span style="color: black;">已然</span>经过IPPC检疫标准处理。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">6.SGS认证(国际)</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SGS是Societe Generale deSurveillance S.A.的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,译为“通用公证行”。它创建于1887年,是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>世界上最大、资格最老的民间第三方从事<span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>和技术鉴定的<span style="color: black;">跨境</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>,总部设在日内瓦。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SGS<span style="color: black;">关联</span>业务作业<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:<span style="color: black;">检测</span>(验)货物规格、数(重)量和包装;对大宗货物<span style="color: black;">需求</span>进行<span style="color: black;">监测</span>装载;核定价格;向SGS领取公证报告。</span></p>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">二</strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">欧洲认证</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">欧盟</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.CE</strong></span><span style="color: black;">CE<span style="color: black;">表率</span>欧洲统一(CONFORMITE EUROPEENNE),是一种安全认证标识,被视为制造商打开并进入欧洲市场的护照。凡贴有CE标识的<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在欧盟各成员国内<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,实现了商品在欧盟成员国范围内的自由流通。</span><span style="color: black;">在欧盟市场中<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>加贴CE标识的<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>如下:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>电气类<span style="color: black;">制品</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>机械类产品</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>玩具类<span style="color: black;">制品</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>无线电和电信终端设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>冷藏﹑冷冻设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>人身<span style="color: black;">守护</span>设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>简单压力容器</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>热水锅炉</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>压力设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>游乐船</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>建筑<span style="color: black;">制品</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>体外诊断医疗器械</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong><span style="color: black;">移植</span>式医疗器械</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>医疗电器设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>升降设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>燃气设备</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>非自动衡器</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.RoHS</strong></span><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">RoHS是《电气、电子设备中限制<span style="color: black;">运用</span>某些有害物质指令》(The Restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in</p>Electronical and Electronic Equipment)的英文缩写,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span> 2002/95/EC 指令。
    </span><span style="color: black;">RoHS 针对所有原材料及生产过程中可能含有<span style="color: black;">以上</span>六种有害物质的电气电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>白家电(如电冰箱、洗衣机、微波炉、空调、吸尘器、热水器等)</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>黑家电(如音频、视频<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、DVD、CD、电视接收机、IT <span style="color: black;">制品</span>、数码<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、通信<span style="color: black;">制品</span>等)</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>电动工具</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>电动电子玩具和医疗电气设备等</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.REACH</strong></span><span style="color: black;">欧盟规章《化学品注册、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、许可和限制》(REGULATION concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorizationand Restriction of Chemicals)的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,是欧盟<span style="color: black;">创立</span>的,并于2007年6月1日起实施的化学品监管体系。</span><span style="color: black;">这一体系<span style="color: black;">触及</span>化学品生产、贸易、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>安全的法规提案,法规旨在<span style="color: black;">守护</span>人类健康和环境安全,保持和<span style="color: black;">加强</span>欧盟化学工业的竞争力,以及<span style="color: black;">开发</span>无毒无害化合物的创新能力。</span><span style="color: black;">REACH指令<span style="color: black;">需求</span>凡进口和在欧洲境内生产的化学品<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>注册、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、授权和限制等一组综合程序,以更好更简单地识别化学品的<span style="color: black;">成份</span>来达到<span style="color: black;">保证</span>环境和人体安全的目的。该指令<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有注册、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>、授权、限制等几大项内容。任何商品都<span style="color: black;">必要</span>有一个列明化学<span style="color: black;">成份</span>的登记档案,并说明制造商<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>这些化学<span style="color: black;">成份</span>以及毒性<span style="color: black;">评定</span>报告。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">英国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">BSI</strong></span><span style="color: black;">BSI是英国标准学会(British Standards &nbsp;Institution)英国标准学会(BSI)是世界上最早的全国性标准化<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,它不受政府<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>但得到了政府的大力支持。BSI制定和修订英国标准,并促进其贯彻执行。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">法国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">NF</strong></span><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">NF是法国标准的代号,1938年<span style="color: black;">起始</span>实行,其管理<span style="color: black;">公司</span>是法国标准化协会(AFNOR)。</p>
    </span><span style="color: black;">NF认证不是强制的,但<span style="color: black;">通常</span>向法国出口<span style="color: black;">制品</span>都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>NF认证。法国NF认证与欧盟CE认证兼容,NF认证在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>专业<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的标准都超过欧盟标准,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>凡取得NF认证的<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接<span style="color: black;">得到</span>CE认证,不需再进行任何<span style="color: black;">制品</span>检验, 只需办理简单的手续<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>法国消费者对NF认证有很强的信任感。NF认证<span style="color: black;">重点</span>适用于家用电器、家具、建筑材料三类<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">德国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.DIN</strong></span><span style="color: black;">DIN是德国标准化学会(Deutsches Institut fur Normung)的简写。DIN是德国的标准化主管机关,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>全国性标准化<span style="color: black;">公司</span>参加国际和区域的非政府性标准化<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">DIN于1951年参加国际标准化组织。由DIN和德国电气工程师协会(VDE)联合<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的德国电工委员会(DKE)<span style="color: black;">表率</span>德国参加国际电工委员会。DIN<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还是欧洲标准化委员会、欧洲电工标准。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.GS</strong></span><span style="color: black;">GS(Geprufte Sicherheit)标志是德国劳工部授权 TÜV、VDE 等<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的安全认证标志,是被欧洲广大顾客接受的安全标志,<span style="color: black;">一般</span> GS 认证<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>单价更高<span style="color: black;">况且</span>更加畅销。</span><span style="color: black;">GS 认证对工厂品保体系有严格<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,对工厂要进行审查和年检:</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂在批量出货时,要依据 ISO9000 体系标准<span style="color: black;">创立</span>自己的质量<span style="color: black;">保准</span>体系。工厂<span style="color: black;">最少</span>要有自己的品<span style="color: black;">管理</span>度、质量记录等文件和足够的生产、检验能力。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">颁布</span> GS 证书之前,要对新工厂进行审查,合格才发放 GS 证书;发证书后,每年要对工厂进行最少 1 次审查。无论该工厂申请多少个<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的 TUV 标志,工厂审查只<span style="color: black;">必须</span> 1 次。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span>申请 GS 认证的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>有:</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>家用电器,如电冰箱、洗衣机、厨房用具等;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>家用机械;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>体育运动用品;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>家用电子设备,如视听设备;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>电气及电子办公设备,如复印机、传真机、碎纸机、电脑、打印机等;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·</strong>&nbsp;工业机械、实验<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>设备;</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">·&nbsp;</strong>其它与安全<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,如<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车、头盔、爬梯、家具等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.VDE</strong></span><span style="color: black;">德国电气工程师协会(VDE Testing and Certification Institute)是欧洲最有测试经验的<span style="color: black;">实验</span>认证和<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>之一。</span><span style="color: black;">VDE <span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个国际认可的电子电器及其零部件安全测试及认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,在欧洲乃至国际上都享有较高的知名度,其<span style="color: black;">评定</span>的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>范围<span style="color: black;">包含</span>家用及<span style="color: black;">商场</span>用途的电器、IT 设备、工业和医疗科技设备、组装材料及电子元器件、电线电缆等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.TÜV</strong></span><span style="color: black;">TÜV 标志德语全<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为Technischer überwachüngs-Verein,是德国专为元器件<span style="color: black;">制品</span>定制的一个安全认证标志,在英语中意为“技术检验协会” (Technical Inspection Association)。在德国和欧洲被广泛接受。企业在申请 TÜV 标志时,可<span style="color: black;">一块</span>申请 CB 证书,并由此<span style="color: black;">经过</span>转换而取得其他国家的证书。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>,在<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>认证后,德国 TÜV 会向前来<span style="color: black;">查找</span>合格元器件供应商的整流器厂商<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>这些<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。在整机认证的过程中,凡取得 TÜV 标志的元器件均可免检。</span>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">三</strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">北美认证</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">美国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.</strong><strong style="color: blue;">UL</strong></span><span style="color: black;">UL 是保险商<span style="color: black;">实验</span>所 (Underwriter Laboratories Inc.)的简写,是美国最有权威的,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是世界上从事安全<span style="color: black;">实验</span>和鉴定<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的民间<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">它采用科学的测试<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来<span style="color: black;">科研</span>确定<span style="color: black;">各样</span>材料、<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、产品、<span style="color: black;">设备</span>、建筑等对生命、财产<span style="color: black;">有没有</span><span style="color: black;">害处</span>及<span style="color: black;">害处</span>的程度;确定、编写、发行相应的标准和有助于减少及防止<span style="color: black;">导致</span>生命财产受到损失的资料,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>开展实情调研业务。</span><span style="color: black;">总之,它<span style="color: black;">重点</span>从事<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的安全认证和经营安全证明业务,其<span style="color: black;">最后</span>目的是为市场得到<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相当安全水准的商品,为人身健康和财产安全得到<span style="color: black;">保准</span>做出贡献。</span><span style="color: black;">就<span style="color: black;">制品</span>安全认证<span style="color: black;">做为</span>消除国际贸易技术壁垒的有效手段而言,UL 在促进国际贸易的发展方面发挥着积极的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.FDA</strong></span><span style="color: black;">美国食品和<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局(Food and Drug Administration)简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>FDA。FDA 是美国政府在健康与人类服务部和公共卫生部中设立的执行<span style="color: black;">公司</span>之一。FDA 的职责是<span style="color: black;">保证</span>美国本国生产或进口的食品、化妆品、<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、生物制剂、医疗设备和放射<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的安全。</span><span style="color: black;">法规规定,FDA将给<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>登记申请者分配一个专用登<span style="color: black;">暗号</span>码,外国<span style="color: black;">公司</span>对美国出口的食品,在到达美国港口前24小时,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>事先向美食品与<span style="color: black;">药品</span>管理局通报,否则将被拒绝入境,并在入境港口予以扣留。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.ETL</strong></span><span style="color: black;">ETL是美国电子测试实验室(Electrical Testing Laboratories)的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">任何电气、机械或机电<span style="color: black;">制品</span>只要带有ETL检验标志就<span style="color: black;">显示</span>它是经过测试符合<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的业界标准。<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>行业都有<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的测试标准,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>对特定<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要向专业人员咨询。ETL检验标志在电缆<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中广泛应用,<span style="color: black;">显示</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>了<span style="color: black;">相关</span>测试。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4.FCC</strong></span><span style="color: black;">美国联邦通信委员会(Federal Communications Commission),<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>无线电广播、电视、电信、卫星和电缆来协调国内和国际的通信。<span style="color: black;">触及</span>美国 50 多个州、哥伦比亚以及美国所属地区。许多无线电应用<span style="color: black;">制品</span>、通讯<span style="color: black;">制品</span>和数字<span style="color: black;">制品</span>要进入美国市场,都<span style="color: black;">需求</span> FCC 的认可。</span><span style="color: black;">FCC 认证又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为美国联邦通信认证。<span style="color: black;">包含</span>电脑、传真机、电子<span style="color: black;">安装</span>、无线电接收和传输设备、无线电遥控玩具、<span style="color: black;">tel</span>、个人电脑以及其他可能<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>人身安全的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>出口到美国,<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>由政府授权的实验室<span style="color: black;">按照</span> FCC 技术标准来进行的检测和<span style="color: black;">准许</span>。进口商和海关代理人要申报<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>无线电频率<span style="color: black;">安装</span>符合 FCC 标准,即 FCC 许可证。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">5.TSCA</strong></span><span style="color: black;">美国有毒物质<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>法(Toxic Substances Control Act),简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>TSCA, 由美国国会于1976年颁布,1977年生效,美国环保署(EPA)负责实施。该法案旨在综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>美国境内流通的化学物质对环境、经济和社会的影响,预防对人体健康和环境的“不<span style="color: black;">恰当</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>”。经多次修订,TSCA已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>美国有效管理化学物质的重要法规。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>输美<span style="color: black;">制品</span>属于TSCA监管类别的企业<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,TSCA合规是进行正常贸易的先决<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">加拿大</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">BSI</strong></span><span style="color: black;">BSI是英国标准学会(British Standards &nbsp;Institution)英国标准学会(BSI)是世界上最早的全国性标准化<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,它不受政府<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>但得到了政府的大力支持。BSI制定和修订英国标准,并促进其贯彻执行。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">CSA</strong></span><span style="color: black;">CSA是加拿大标准协会(Canadian Standards Association)的简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>,它成立于1919年,是加拿大首家专为制定工业标准的非盈利性<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">在北美市场上<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的电子、电器等<span style="color: black;">制品</span>都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>取得安全方面的认证。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>CSA是加拿大最大的安全认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是世界上最著名的安全认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>之一。它能对机械、建材、电器、电脑设备、办公设备、环保、医疗防火安全、运动及娱乐等方面的所有类型的<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>安全认证。CSA已为遍布<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的数千厂商<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了认证服务,每年均有上亿个附有CSA标志的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>在北美市场<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</span>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">四</strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">亚洲认证</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">中国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.CCC</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国入世承诺和<span style="color: black;">表现</span><span style="color: black;">百姓</span><span style="color: black;">薪水</span>的原则,国家对强制性<span style="color: black;">制品</span>认证<span style="color: black;">运用</span>统一的标志。新的国家强制性认证标志名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“中国强制认证”,英文名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为"China Compulsory Certification",英文缩写为"CCC"。</span><span style="color: black;">中国对22大类149种<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>强制性<span style="color: black;">制品</span>认证。中国强制认证标志实施以后,将逐步取代原来实行的“长城”标志和“CCIB”标志。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.</strong><strong style="color: blue;">CB</strong></span><span style="color: black;">CB是1991年6月中国电工<span style="color: black;">制品</span>认证委员会被国际电工委员会电工<span style="color: black;">制品</span>安全认证组织(iEcEE)管理委员会(Mc)接受为认可和<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>CB证书的国家认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。下属的9个检测站接受为CB<span style="color: black;">实验</span>室(认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">实验</span>室),所有<span style="color: black;">相关</span>电气<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,只要企业取得了委员会出具的CB证书和测试报告,IECEE一ccB体系内的30个成员国将予以认可,基本上免去再送样到进口国测试,<span style="color: black;">这般</span>既省<span style="color: black;">花费</span>又省时地<span style="color: black;">得到</span>该国的认证合格证书,对出口<span style="color: black;">制品</span>极为有利。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">日本</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">PSE</strong></span><span style="color: black;">日本电气用品的强制性市场准入制度,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是日本《电气用品安全法》中规定的一项重要内容。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,日本政府<span style="color: black;">按照</span>日本《电气用品安全法》中规定,将电气用品分为“特定电气用品”和“非特定电气用品”,其中“特定电器用品”<span style="color: black;">包含</span> 115 种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>;“非特定电气用品”<span style="color: black;">包含</span> 338 种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">PSE <span style="color: black;">包含</span> EMC 和安全两部分的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,凡属于“特定电气用品”目录内的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,进入日本市场,<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>日本经济产业省授权的第三方认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>认证,取得认证合格证书,并在标签上有菱形的 PSE 标志。</span><span style="color: black;">CQC 是中国境内惟一申请日本 PSE 认证授权的认证<span style="color: black;">公司</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,CQC <span style="color: black;">得到</span>的日本 PSE <span style="color: black;">制品</span>认证的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>类别范围为三大类:电线电缆(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>20种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>)、配线器具(电器附件、照明电器等,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>38种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>)、电动力应用机械器具(家用电器,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>12种<span style="color: black;">制品</span>)等。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">韩国</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">KC mark</strong></span><span style="color: black;">KC Mark Certification Products List(KC认证<span style="color: black;">制品</span>目录)<span style="color: black;">按照</span>《韩国电气用品安全管理法》规定,自2009年1月1日起电气<span style="color: black;">制品</span>安全认证分为强制性认证及自律(自愿)性认证两种。</span><span style="color: black;">强制性认证指属于强制性<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中的所有电子类<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>KC Mark认证后才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在韩国市场上<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。每年<span style="color: black;">必须</span>接受工厂审查和<span style="color: black;">制品</span>抽检测试。自律(自愿)性认证指属于自愿性<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中的所有电子类<span style="color: black;">制品</span>只需测试<span style="color: black;">得到</span>证书,不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>接受工厂审查。证书有效期为5年。</span>
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">五</strong></span></h1>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">其他地区认证</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">澳大利亚</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.C/A-tick</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>澳大利亚通讯局(Australian Communications Authority,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>ACA)为了通信设备发的认证标志,C-tick认证周期:1-2周。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">制品</span>执行ACAQ技术标准测试,向ACA登记<span style="color: black;">运用</span>A/C-Tick,填写“符合声明表”(Declaration of Conformity Form),并和<span style="color: black;">制品</span>符合记录<span style="color: black;">保留</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>,在通信<span style="color: black;">制品</span>或设备上贴上有A/C-Tick标志的标识(label),<span style="color: black;">营销</span>给消费者A-Tick仅适用于通信<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span>多半是申请C-Tick,<span style="color: black;">不外</span>电子<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>申请A-Tick,则不需<span style="color: black;">另一</span>申请C-Tick。自2001年11月起,澳大利亚/新西兰的EMI申请合并;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>要在这二国<span style="color: black;">营销</span>,下列文件在行销前<span style="color: black;">必须</span>齐,以备ACA(Australian Communications Authority)或新西兰(Ministry of Economic Development)当局随时抽查。</span><span style="color: black;">澳大利亚的EMC体系把<span style="color: black;">制品</span>划分为三个级别,供应商在<span style="color: black;">营销</span>级别<span style="color: black;">2、</span>级别三<span style="color: black;">制品</span>前,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>在ACA注册,申请<span style="color: black;">运用</span>C-Tick标志。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.SAA</strong></span><span style="color: black;">SAA认证为澳大利亚的标准<span style="color: black;">公司</span>为Standards Association of Australian旗下认证,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>朋友把澳大利亚认证<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为SAA。SAA是进入澳大利亚市场的电器<span style="color: black;">制品</span>须符合当地的安全法规,即业界经常面对的认证。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>澳大利亚和新西兰两国的互认协议,所有取得澳大利亚认证的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,均可顺利地进入新西兰市场<span style="color: black;">营销</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">所有电器<span style="color: black;">制品</span>均要做安全认证(SAA)。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">SAA的标志<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有两种,一种是形式认可,一种是标准标志。形式认证是只能样品负责,而标准标志是需<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>进行工厂审查的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内申请SAA认证有两种方式,一种是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>CB测试报告转,若<span style="color: black;">无</span>CB测试报告,则<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接申请。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,ITAV灯具小家电类<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>申请澳大利亚SAA认证的周期是3-4周,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量不达标,可能日期会有所延长。提交报告到澳州审核时,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>插头的SAA证书(<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是针对带插头的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>),<span style="color: black;">否则</span>不给予办理。<span style="color: black;">制品</span>里面的重要的元器件SAA证,像灯具<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>灯具里面变压器SAA证书,<span style="color: black;">否则</span>澳州审核资料不<span style="color: black;">经过</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">沙特阿拉伯</strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">SASO</strong></span><span style="color: black;">沙特阿拉伯标准组织(Saudi Arabian Standards Organization)的简写。SASO 负责为所有的日用品及<span style="color: black;">制品</span>制定国家标准,标准中还<span style="color: black;">触及</span>度量制度、标识等。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">出口认证在各个<span style="color: black;">行业</span>都扮演着极其重要的角色,认证认可制度的初衷是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>统一标准、技术法规和合格评定程序等标准化手段,来协调社会生产,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生产效率,促进经济发展。</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>每家外贸企业都能将<span style="color: black;">重视</span>力集中在<span style="color: black;">制品</span>本身,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量为王,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>在市场上立于不败之地。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">&nbsp;从事贸易<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的企业和个人&nbsp;</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">&nbsp;留意最新变化!</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资料<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:网络</span></span><span style="color: black;">申明:</span><span style="color: black;">以上稿件<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于平台原创或网络转载,若<span style="color: black;">触及</span>版权,或版权人不愿意在本平台刊载,请与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>联系,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>收到信息后会<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间删除。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">往期<span style="color: black;">举荐</span></span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">罕见!东南亚多国沦陷!</a></span></strong></span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">汇率<span style="color: black;">大涨</span>!什么<span style="color: black;">状况</span>?</a></span></strong></strong></span></h1><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">突发!切断所有贸易关系!</a></strong></span></h1><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
    <h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><a style="color: black;">美元走强, “飙”了<span style="color: black;">那些</span>对美出口<span style="color: black;">机构</span>?</a></strong></span></h1><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">




听听海 发表于 2024-9-24 11:32:27

同意、说得对、没错、我也是这么想的等。

wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-11-6 03:08:35

同意、说得对、没错、我也是这么想的等。

nqkk58 发表于 2024-11-15 21:24:02

楼主的文章深得我心,表示由衷的感谢!

7wu1wm0 发表于 5 天前

楼主发的这篇帖子,我觉得非常有道理。
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