专家揭示不良膳食习惯可能加强患癌害处，有望创立潜在癌症害处标志物
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症，又名恶性肿瘤，是夺去人类性命的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的数据，“2022 年，<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>新增癌症病例将近 2000 万，癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>死亡病例达到 970 万”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些数字足以说明，<span style="color: black;">为么</span>生活中许多人“谈癌色变”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，人们早在数年前就<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>到，癌症是基因、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>、运动和环境等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>相互作用的结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而，直到<span style="color: black;">日前</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>与生活<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">到底</span><span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>人类的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">专家</span>仍然不甚<span style="color: black;">知道</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近期，一个来自新加坡国立大学的课题组<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，糖酵解副产物甲基乙二醛在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，会<span style="color: black;">加强</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展的概率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，甲基乙二醛会短暂地越过克努森（Knudson‘s）“二次打击”理论的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，即<span style="color: black;">经过</span>失活乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">控制</span>蛋白 BRCA2 的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>功能，在非恶性乳腺细胞中使 BRCA2 用于修复和复制 DNA 的功能失效，<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的突变单碱基替换特征，从而形成肿瘤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其中，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>说明的是，糖酵解是能量代谢的基本途径，超过 90% 的细胞内甲基乙二醛都产生于此。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着，<span style="color: black;">基本</span>能量代谢途径与癌症发展之间存在一种深层联系，这有助于<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员与群众在<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和体重<span style="color: black;">针对</span>患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>影响方面的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>认识。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240520/89530e14f9304dd4ad3232fe6714eb51.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图丨甲基乙二醛<span style="color: black;">经过</span> BRCA2，绕过“二次打击”肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>（<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：Cell）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近期</span>，<span style="color: black;">关联</span>论文以《一种糖酵解代谢物<span style="color: black;">经过</span> BRCA2 绕过对肿瘤的“二次打击”<span style="color: black;">控制</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>》（A glycolytic metabolite bypasses “two-hit” tumor suppression by BRCA2）为题在 Cell 上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新加坡国立大学李光耀<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员江立人（Li Ren Kong）是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>作者，新加坡国立大学阿肖克·文基塔拉曼（Ashok R. Venkitaraman）教授担任通讯作者。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240520/a69428a9df1149fd9696686d1c0f1e7d.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图丨<span style="color: black;">关联</span>论文（<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：Cell）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">众所周知，单等位基因生殖细胞突变后截断 BRCA2 肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因，会<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">病患</span>乳腺癌、卵巢癌、胰腺癌以及其他癌症的易感性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>，虽然 BRCA2 基因缺陷的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家族存在患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，但并非每一位潜在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都<span style="color: black;">持有</span>相同的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可否</span>存在一个更深层次的机制，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有规律地说明这些癌症的发展？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了找出<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>的<span style="color: black;">暗地里</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>，该团队决定开启这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span>在遗传父母 BRCA2 癌症基因缺陷副本的高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>乳腺癌或卵巢癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的细胞中，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其对甲基乙二醛表现出<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接着证明，即便未携带 BRCA2 的缺陷基因副本，只要人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的甲基乙二醛含量过高，<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>因<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>或不良<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的糖尿病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，就会存在较高的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>，<span style="color: black;">为么</span>甲基乙二醛会如此<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">江立人<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>：“<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能够很简单地借助糖化血红蛋白检测出甲基乙二醛的含量，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时做糖尿病筛查时<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的一个血液测试。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">广泛</span>地推广这一测试，就能够为潜在的癌症<span style="color: black;">危害</span>标志物的<span style="color: black;">创立</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>可能。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240520/d152f5dcfca54043a3f3aa14a085f994.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图丨江立人（<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：江立人）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，基于这一标志物，临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>利用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗等<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">创立</span>健康的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯，以有效地<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>甲基乙二醛在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的高水平状态，从而<span style="color: black;">经过</span>积极<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来预防癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而上文曾<span style="color: black;">说到</span>克努森的“二次打击”理论，<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>美国遗传学家艾尔弗雷德·G·克努森（Alfred G. Knudson）于 1971 年提出的一种假说，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>假定致癌前提<span style="color: black;">必要</span>失活肿瘤<span style="color: black;">控制</span>基因的两个拷贝。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但该课题组<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>揭示，甲基乙二醛能够短暂地压制这些抑癌基因，如 BRCA2，因而绕过克努森的“二次打击”<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，随着时间的推移，不良<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯的<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">累积</span>与不受<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>的血糖含量会逐步<span style="color: black;">提高</span>患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。显然，该结论在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度上优化了克努森的这项经典理论。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240520/1d9fd862ad234a15bccaf123bae9ff43.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图丨糖分与癌症突变有着直接联系（<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：AI 生成）</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，值得一提的是，论文审稿人与专业人士<span style="color: black;">针对</span>该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span>感兴趣，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>该团队能够设计出更好的实验，<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>明<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>从临床中发展出得以<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>实行的预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“毕竟假如<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>直接告诉公众，甲基乙二醛会<span style="color: black;">加强</span>糖尿病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，有可能会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>不必要的社会恐慌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>流行病学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>与临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>来进一步<span style="color: black;">科研</span>，并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>它<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>明<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的 DNA 中<span style="color: black;">可否</span>存在较高的患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。”江立人解释说。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接下来，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">亦</span>计划进一步探究新陈代谢、<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>和癌症之间存在的联系，尝试<span style="color: black;">研发</span>能够预防癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的有效<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/statistics</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.L.,Kong,K.,Gupta.A.,Wu.et al. A glycolytic metabolite bypasses “two-hit” tumor suppression by BRCA2. Cell 187, 2269–2287 （2024）https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.006</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.P.,Jiang, A glycolytic metabolite that drives BRCA2 haploinsufficiency. Cell 187, 2124–2126（2024）https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2024.03.028</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://news.nus.edu.sg/poor-diet-and-higher-cancer-risk/</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-hit_hypothesis</p>
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