人工智能来袭,资讯写作怎么样突破与选取?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当下,人工智能在<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>的应用<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了<span style="color: black;">大众</span>讨论最热烈的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>之一,ChatGPT的写作能力让人惊叹,而多家巨头企业<span style="color: black;">亦</span>推出了类似的人工智能<span style="color: black;">制品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">3月16日,百度CEO李彦宏的演示让国产生产式大模型文心一言露出真容。人工智能的写作,对<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>、<span style="color: black;">宣传</span>、文学、教育等<span style="color: black;">行业</span>都产生了<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的影响,越来越多的人<span style="color: black;">起始</span>聚焦和探索人工智能技术的写作,会对<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者等文字工作者产生<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>的影响,记者又该<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>这些技术实现<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>传播的智能化?</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">人工智能<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>写作的文本分析</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人工智能技术在<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>产业的应用前景非常广阔,例如:它<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>关键词自动生成文本,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>记者理清写作思路,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>记者的写作效率;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span><span style="color: black;">诠释</span>,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>从业者收集<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>素材,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>事实发展<span style="color: black;">情况</span>;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>文本分析和语言翻译,实现<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件的跨语言传播,拓宽<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件的阅读受众;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">按照</span>受众的阅读习惯和兴趣<span style="color: black;">兴趣</span>进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的智能<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>说的大数据,为读者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>更好的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>阅读体验等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3月15日,信息时报社发布了一篇题为《天河城百货北京路店即将期满停业》的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件,笔者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>输入<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>标题及关键词,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>人工智能技术生成一条同主题的信息稿件,并与传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者的稿件进行对比,综合来看,人工智能生成的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>文本<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>以下几个特点:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">效率高</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">:<span style="color: black;">针对</span>传统的记者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,几十秒的时间写成一篇<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件是完全不可能的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>人工智能技术写作<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内自动生成<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的文本,并且行文流畅,比传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者写作更加<span style="color: black;">有效</span>,可节省较多的人力成本和时间成本。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">背景类信息量大</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:人工智能写作本质上是在做一个信息的搜集和处理,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>的信息和数据的处理训练,能够生成信息量更大、内容更加丰富的信息稿件。如在《天河城百货北京路店即将期满停业》的稿件中,人工智能技术写作能<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>背景信息,在自动生成的稿件中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">包括</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>该店的背景和细节。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">实时性</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:人工智能技术<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对信息和数据的自动抓取,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>实现生成实时的信息稿件,满足了用户对实时<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的阅读需求。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当下,AI技术的发展正在<span style="color: black;">持续</span>地进步和完善,虽然在效率和信息量上传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者<span style="color: black;">没法</span>与之比拟,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不难看出,人工智能的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>写作在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>方面<span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的局限性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>的真实性</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">:</span><span style="color: black;">例如,当<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">流言</span>在各个社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>网络传播时,这些<span style="color: black;">做为</span>信息数据的虚假<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会被人工智能的算法和机制纳入并<span style="color: black;">做为</span>正常信息来处理,这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>数据的综合整理写出来的信息稿很可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一条假<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如,2月16日,一则“2023年3月1日起,杭州市政府将取消机动车尾号限行政策。此举旨在<span style="color: black;">加强</span>城市交通效率,缓解交通拥堵,方便市民出行”的<span style="color: black;">信息</span>在网上疯传。而这条<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>出自于人工智能之手。原来杭州一小区业主群讨论人工智能<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>写作技术,某业主尝试用它写篇杭州取消限行的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿,随后在群里直播了<span style="color: black;">运用</span>人工智能的写作过程,并把<span style="color: black;">文案</span>发在群里。其他业主不明就里,截图转发,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>错误信息传播。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/pDb4le6BlIgALZ61wqytYUic1WHXXicBib3TPj1icPyEVJEBUh1icEkOPyH58brFsfa3M4LKu3srib0KLWPcrBoz9BtA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">缺乏<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>的创新性和氛围感</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:</span><span style="color: black;">例如,在《天河城百货北京路店即将期满停业》一文中,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>结构,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>描述市民对该店撤场停业的态度与感受。人工智能技术生成的文本<span style="color: black;">针对</span>该部分内容的描述<span style="color: black;">显出</span>格式化和同质化,在<span style="color: black;">无</span>亲自进行现场采访的前提下,生成的是“有市民感到遗憾,非常<span style="color: black;">爱好</span><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的商品和服务,有的市民则认为,这是市场竞争的必然结果……”<span style="color: black;">全部</span>描述缺乏现场感,情感<span style="color: black;">亦</span>仅局限于“遗憾”这种较为抽象的记忆,缺乏个性与具象。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而传统记者在这一方面就<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>“现场”<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,记者基于现场的调查采访,写的稿件更具个性化和差异性:有市民<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>“<span style="color: black;">认识</span>该商场的发展过程,对<span style="color: black;">这儿</span><span style="color: black;">特别有</span>感情”,还有市民<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>商场进行升级改造,能够融入<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>广府文化元素……”这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>说明,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>AI生成的文本更<span style="color: black;">大都是</span>基于输入语料库进行模拟的结果,<span style="color: black;">没法</span>像人类<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>情感和个性化的特点,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>准确理解人类的情感和文化背景,生成的文字缺乏细节和温度,故而<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span>准确表达人类的情感和人与人之间微妙的关系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">难以在特定语境进行应用</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:例如,信息时报社的一个专栏《烟火广州》,以短视频为<span style="color: black;">重点</span>呈现方式,以食客为主,以烟火气、生活气息为中心,从美食<span style="color: black;">方向</span>出发,来探索广州的城市文化。很显然,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的“烟火”指的是“生活气息”,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了一种比喻的修辞手法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">笔者就<span style="color: black;">运用</span>某一人工智能技术进行“烟火广州”的同主题写作,该人工智能写作对“烟火”的理解是基于语料库生成的词汇,不太容易对“借喻”“比喻”“暗喻”等一系列的修辞手法准确把握,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>最后生成的文本中,“烟火”一词被直译,理解为“烟花<span style="color: black;">爆仗</span>”,通篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>都在描述广州的焰火<span style="color: black;">扮演</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还延伸出了舞龙舞狮等<span style="color: black;">扮演</span>和娱乐活动,与笔者所<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的“市井烟火”“一日三餐”相差甚远。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/pDb4le6BlIgALZ61wqytYUic1WHXXicBib3KOeeZrXlv0jLTktodIhzsb1O7dSuqmLPqJMjPVMKRhb3tXIiaWHRZmA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,在撰写特定<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件时,就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对文本的精度有更高的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,除了引入<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>的数据源和知识,更<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对人工智能进行<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的数据训练,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>来<span style="color: black;">调节</span>和纠正人工智能写作在特殊语境下的表达方式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">存在抄袭和版权不明的<span style="color: black;">状况</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">:</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人不禁要问,人工智能生成的内容是独立作品吗?人工智能<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>应被承认为作者?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">笔者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>查阅<span style="color: black;">关联</span>资料得知,无论是域外立法还是我国法律规定,在著作权法律制度框架内,除了自然人与法人之外,不存在其他<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>作者的主体,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说,AI<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>作者。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,虽然AI技术<span style="color: black;">能够</span>生成<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的信息稿件,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>这些信息文本并不是完全由<span style="color: black;">设备</span>生成的,它可能会从其他网站、<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">媒介</span>等<span style="color: black;">源自</span>中抓取信息和数据。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>凸显<span style="color: black;">自己</span>存在价值</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上,人工智能技术始终是为人服务的,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>工作者面对ChatGPT、文心一言等新技术迅猛发展,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>取之以长,为之所用,结合<span style="color: black;">自己</span>工作,突破AI新技术的局限性,使之<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>传播业态发展的有力工具。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">加强专业素养,进一步<span style="color: black;">提高</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>价值判断能力</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无论技术<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>进步,<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>工作者,最重要的还是承担社会责任,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>有价值的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>进行<span style="color: black;">即时</span>准确地<span style="color: black;">报告</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,在人工智能技术的发展下,<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>工作者应该放下焦虑,聚焦于<span style="color: black;">自己</span>,重拾<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>价值,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">保持</span>对事实和真相的不懈追求</span></strong>。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,保持高度<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>,以更敏锐的嗅觉,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>算法带来的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和问题,付出<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的精力来加强<span style="color: black;">自己</span>专业素养。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">关注人文情感,发掘并讲好独特的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>故事</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>人工智能等<span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者富有情感,能够将精力放在“人”身上,更好地洞悉人类的情感需求,懂得换位思考,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>同理心。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,传统记者更加能够创造出独有的、<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>情感和温度的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>作品。当然这就<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者“走出去”,与人沟通和交流,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>深入地调查和采访获取<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">新鲜</span>的信息,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">加强自己讲故事的能力和技巧,深入现场切身体验</span></strong>,还原故事现场,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">并<span style="color: black;">提高</span>自己的语言组织能力,善于灵活<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">区别</span>表达手法</span></strong>,向读者展现更加丰富多彩的世界。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">发挥“四力”<span style="color: black;">优良</span>,做有温度、有触摸感的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>网络碎片化信息泛滥的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,受众的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>需求越来越多元化,除了关注事实本身,受众还关心<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件的前因后果,以及<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对该事件的态度和<span style="color: black;">评估</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>独特的观点和看法。而这些内容人工智能技术很难做到,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,高质量且有深度的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>受众来说<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更大的吸引力。而<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件的深度挖掘和<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>依然只能依赖于传统记者深入地采访和调查。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者应该<span style="color: black;">即时</span>到达<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>现场,获取<span style="color: black;">第1</span>手<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">新闻</span>,写出“冒热气”的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者<span style="color: black;">必须</span>有一双“慧眼”</span></strong>,从<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>繁琐的事件中摸索出<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>价值的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>线索,见微知著,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时事热点,把握独家<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>;<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者要有<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自己独特的思维方式和思考能力</span></strong>,提前做好策划,确定好<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">方向</span>,善于从事件中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题、分析问题;最后,记者<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的阅读和写作训练,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">提高</span>对<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>事件的描述和<span style="color: black;">报告</span>能力</span></strong>,用清晰、简洁、生动的语言来表达。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">站在“技术”的肩膀上,生产更高质量<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>作品</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显而易见,无论是从稿件质量上,还是从<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的著作权纠纷上,人工智能技术暂时都<span style="color: black;">没法</span>替代传统<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者进行独立创作,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>来看,“人机结合”是实现<span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">优秀</span>化的一个重要途径。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者利用人工智能技术<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>稿件的生产效率,发掘<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>线索,生成新的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>形式,<span style="color: black;">加强</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>的数据分析能力</span></strong>,从而更好地应对数字化时代<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>生产的挑战和机遇。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者不仅要充分利用人类的思考方式和信息的获取<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>借助人工智能技术,收集<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>信息数据,借助人工智能来挖掘和处理大数据,采集信息、处理信息等,<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">将人工智能生成的准确素材充分运用到<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>策划和深度<span style="color: black;">报告</span><span style="color: black;">其中</span></span></strong>,从而生产出更加高质量的<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>作品。</span></p><span style="color: black;">(作者<span style="color: black;">严璐、吴斌,</span>单位为信息时报社)</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>:《城市党报<span style="color: black;">科研</span>》2023年第5期,原文有所删减</span><span style="color: black;">
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