原创 清朝皇帝真的精通各样语言吗?那在上朝时,会运用哪种语言?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在入关之前,后金政权的话基本都用满语为主,清太祖努尔哈赤和清太宗皇太极等人虽然都会<span style="color: black;">有些</span>汉语,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>说的并不怎么流利,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>表达生动的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>还是满语。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">此时</span>候都是以满语为主,<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>好朝会<span style="color: black;">亦</span>好,都会有专门的汉语翻译在旁边<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电视剧中太监大喊“有事启奏,无事退朝”的阵势被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“大朝”,尽管规定每月初<span style="color: black;">5、</span>十五、二十五日应当举行大朝,但<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上这个完全是礼仪性质,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>一年的都不举行一次,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的礼服穿起来麻烦又不舒服,以乾隆皇帝为例,他就<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在祭祀和大节日的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下才穿礼服,平均一年不超过两次。清代皇帝办公<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是采用“召见”的形式,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>每日都有,皇帝和官员穿的<span style="color: black;">亦</span>轻便<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,办起事情来<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不至于煎熬。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在朝廷上,一般说汉语,公文和国家<span style="color: black;">公司</span>设置<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,都<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>汉化。当然,在满清初期,皇帝说满语的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不少,毕竟那时汉化程度不深,接触的汉人不多。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,满清贵族自觉汉化的趋势,却从未改变。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,到了清代中期,才有一大争论,即要不要继续<span style="color: black;">保持</span>用汉语了,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>朝中大臣<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>不会说满语了。清代的部分贵族,感觉到了<span style="color: black;">危险</span>,认为长此以往,满语满文及其文化都会被汉语挤垮。后来,满文没能挣得官方语言,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>,如<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>人担心的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>,满语被边缘化了。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于康熙、乾隆等人,汉文化<span style="color: black;">把握</span>的很好,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,汉语并不<span style="color: black;">熟悉</span>!<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>老旗人讲故国旧事<span style="color: black;">或</span>前朝轶闻,都说,当年康乾<span style="color: black;">她们</span>说汉话时,是一边说一边写,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>让别人以看他写的为准无论是清朝中央还是旗营,凡是<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到数字的一律<span style="color: black;">一样</span>内容用写汉文一份!我见过清末民初旗营发放米粮的档案。都是满汉各一份!<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,花名册<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>满文的。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>,旗营发放粮饷的规矩是,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>请汉人买卖人<span style="color: black;">或</span>读书人核对!<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到数字方面的奏报等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>请汉人买卖人<span style="color: black;">或</span>读书人核对!<span style="color: black;">由于</span>唯恐满文在记录这些内容时,有言不达意<span style="color: black;">或</span>含混不清之处。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">汉文化的影响必然<span style="color: black;">引起</span>语言的变革,从此满语<span style="color: black;">逐步</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>了清朝皇室权贵的内部通用语,而汉语则<span style="color: black;">作为</span>了官方语言。到了清朝末年,就连皇室内部都很少有人会满语了,例如溥仪在《我的前半生》中回忆说自己只会几个简单的满语词汇。而满语在皇室内部<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>走向了消亡。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:www.fok120.com</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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