普通小白学会Python到底仔细能做什么呢？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">哪些</span>教Python课程的人<span style="color: black;">不消</span>Python去做技术<span style="color: black;">挣钱</span>？</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/2f56ecb177aa40289e68b7291c842333~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=1a3K82AzFdPOdL9eLfn99ZWj%2BrM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">就像顶级的运动员们都会有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>训练师<span style="color: black;">指点</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>训练，训练师们具备专业知识、专业技能，却不会自己上场比赛，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">原由</span>有二：其一是黄金年龄段<span style="color: black;">已然</span>过了，<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>适应高强度训练；其二是<span style="color: black;">她们</span>拿到了该拿到的成绩，剩下的工作即是培养<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>能拿成绩的人 ，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>相对轻松</strong>。教<span style="color: black;">大众</span>学Python<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是同理。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/8539ee5d519a43caa72773179940f840~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=NS9WxDL%2FZk1TxJZ9pj%2BDTaInFYQ%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">咳咳，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>言归正传，普通小白学会Python到底<span style="color: black;">详细</span>能做什么呢？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Python是一种很<span style="color: black;">有效</span>的语言，是一种脚本语言，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>它能编程完成<strong style="color: blue;">数据收集</strong>，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span><strong style="color: blue;">批量化自动操作简单任务</strong>，代替枯燥的手工操作，<span style="color: black;">另一</span>还能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>学习它，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>计算机的编程思维</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>普通小白，肯定就不<span style="color: black;">触及</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>开发了，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>电脑中的文件，Word内容，Excel，都是数据，有了数据，自然就<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对数据进行<strong style="color: blue;">存储、读写和分发</strong>。</p>
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Python<span style="color: black;">能手</span>修炼之道：数据处理与<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习实战</div>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">数据的存储、读写和分发<span style="color: black;">通常</span>有两大模式：数据库模式和数据文件模式。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的数据文件类型是 Excel 表格和 CSV 文件，在<span style="color: black;">研究</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>，HDF 和 netCDF <span style="color: black;">亦</span>是常用的数据文件格式。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">Python读写Excel文件</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Python读写Excel文件<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做以下操作：</p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>openpyxl模块读写XLSX格式文件</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>xlrd模块读写XLS格式的文件</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>xlwt模块生成XLS格式的文件</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Excel 文件有两种格式，分别对应 .xls 和 .xlsx 两种扩展名(XLS 格式和 XLSX 格式)。前者<span style="color: black;">运用</span> 97-2003 模板，是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的文件格式，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">逐步</span>被后者所淘汰，但仍然会遇到 XLS 格式的数据文件<span style="color: black;">必须</span>处理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">openpyxl 模块</strong>专门用于读写 XLSX 格式的文件，xlrd 模块和 xlwt 模块则专门用于读写 XLS 格式的数据文件。这 3 个模块都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span><strong style="color: blue;"> pip 命令</strong>安装。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>处理 XLS 格式的数据文件，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>只<span style="color: black;">必须</span>安装 openpyxl 模块就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>了。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/223e7b200ed945bf9d2af47a02340bce~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=tGiKWy2%2BJ6CfoXUrtuiQrAcSYwU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">1．<span style="color: black;">运用</span>openpyxl 模块读写XLSX 格式的文件</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Excel 文件的基本操作<span style="color: black;">便是</span>对文件(book)和工作表(sheet)进行的操作。<span style="color: black;">运用</span> openpyxl 模块读写 Excel 文件，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>到 book 和 sheet 的概念。Openpyxl 模块<span style="color: black;">运用</span> load_workbook( ) 函数将已有的 Excel 文件读成 book 对象，<span style="color: black;">运用</span> workbook( ) 函数创建新的 book 对象，这两种方式得到的 book 对象都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>读写。</p>
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><a style="color: black;">人工智能简史 </a>第2版</div>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面的代码演示了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> openpyxl 模块<strong style="color: blue;">编辑 XLSX 格式</strong>的 Excel 文件。</p><span style="color: black;">>>> </span><span style="color: black;">from</span> openpyxl <span style="color: black;">import</span> load_workbook
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb = load_workbook(<span style="color: black;">r"D:\NumPyFamily\data\ionosphere.xlsx"</span>)<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb.sheetnames
[<span style="color: black;">电离层</span>]
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh = wb[<span style="color: black;">"电离层"</span>] <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">选取</span>表</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.max_row <span style="color: black;"># 有效行数</span>
<span style="color: black;">351</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.max_column <span style="color: black;"># 有效列数</span>
<span style="color: black;">34</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh[<span style="color: black;">C1</span>] <span style="color: black;"># 返回C1单元格对象</span>
<Cell <span style="color: black;">电离层</span>.C1>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh[<span style="color: black;">C1</span>].value <span style="color: black;"># 返回C1单元格内容</span>
<span style="color: black;">0.99539</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh[<span style="color: black;">1</span>][<span style="color: black;">2</span>].value <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>指定单元格</span>
<span style="color: black;">0.99539</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh[<span style="color: black;">C1</span>].value = <span style="color: black;">99.99</span> <span style="color: black;"># 修改单元格内容</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb.save(<span style="color: black;">r"D:\NumPyFamily\data\ionosphere_demo.xlsx"</span>) <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">保留</span>文件</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面的代码演示了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> openpyxl 模块<strong style="color: blue;">创建 XLSX 格式</strong>的 Excel 文件。</p><span style="color: black;">>>> </span><span style="color: black;">from</span> openpyxl <span style="color: black;">import</span> Workbook
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb = Workbook() <span style="color: black;"># 创建book</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh0 = wb.active <span style="color: black;"># 激活默认的sheet</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sha = wb.create_sheet(<span style="color: black;">"成绩表"</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 创建新表</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>shb = wb.create_sheet(<span style="color: black;">"收支表"</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 创建新表</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sha.append([<span style="color: black;">姓名</span>,<span style="color: black;">语文</span>,<span style="color: black;">数学</span>]) <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">能够</span>在末尾追加一行</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sha.append([<span style="color: black;">Alice</span>,<span style="color: black;">95</span>,<span style="color: black;">99</span>])
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sha[<span style="color: black;">B2</span>] = <span style="color: black;">98</span> <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>单独写单元格</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb.sheetnames <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>表名</span>
[<span style="color: black;">Sheet</span>, <span style="color: black;">成绩表</span>, <span style="color: black;">收支表</span>]
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span><span style="color: black;">del</span> wb[<span style="color: black;">Sheet</span>] <span style="color: black;"># 删除表</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>wb.save(<span style="color: black;">r"D:\NumPyFamily\data\demo.xlsx"</span>) <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">保留</span>文件</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面代码演示了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span> openpyxl 模块<strong style="color: blue;">设置字体、单元格</strong>等的样式。</p><span style="color: black;">>></span>> from openpyxl import Workbook<span style="color: black;">>></span>> from openpyxl.styles import Font, colors, Alignment
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> wb = Workbook()
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh = wb.active
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> f1 = Font(name=<span style="color: black;">微软雅黑</span>, size=<span style="color: black;">16</span>, italic=True, color=colors.BLACK, bold=True)<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh[<span style="color: black;">A1</span>].font = f1 <span style="color: black;"># 设置字体</span>
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> align = Alignment(horizontal=<span style="color: black;">center</span>, vertical=<span style="color: black;">center</span>)
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh[<span style="color: black;">B2</span>].alignment = align <span style="color: black;"># 设置对齐方式</span>
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh.row_dimensions[<span style="color: black;">2</span>].height = <span style="color: black;">24</span> <span style="color: black;"># 设置第2行高度</span>
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh.column_dimensions[<span style="color: black;">C</span>].width = <span style="color: black;">20</span> <span style="color: black;"># 设置C列宽度</span>
<span style="color: black;">>></span>> sh.merge_cells(<span style="color: black;">A3:C4</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 合并A3到C4的单元格</span>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">2．<span style="color: black;">运用</span> xlrd 模块读写 XLS 格式的文件</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span> xlrd 模块读写 Excel 文件的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>与<span style="color: black;">运用</span> openpyxl 模块读写 Excel 文件非常类似。用 xlrd 模块打开一个 Excel 文件，返回的是一个 book 对象；<span style="color: black;">运用</span> sheet 名或序号从 book 的数据表中<span style="color: black;">选取</span>一个 sheet，<span style="color: black;">就可</span>从中读取数据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表 3-5 列出了 xlrd 模块的 book 对象的常用<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/091769f33a9245e0b3d1a5b2dc8caf8f~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=mKiAagHwhhUIy4YSQPh4jsMDzlc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表 3-6 列出了 xlrd 模块的 sheet 对象的常用<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/1ad688a4ea7e46e5b3172cf227653e07~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=p%2Bv%2BO%2BcLgvLmDU%2BYb9BIk%2F%2BedI4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下面的代码演示了<span style="color: black;">运用</span><strong style="color: blue;"> xlrd 模块从 Excel 文件中读取数据</strong>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p><span style="color: black;">>>> </span><span style="color: black;">import</span> xlrd
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>book = xlrd.open_workbook(<span style="color: black;">r"D:\NumPyFamily\data\ionosphere.xls"</span>)
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>book.sheet_names() <span style="color: black;"># 获取<span style="color: black;">所有</span>表名</span>
[<span style="color: black;">电离层</span>]
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh = book.sheet_by_name(<span style="color: black;">电离层</span>) <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">经过</span>表名取得sheet对象</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh = book.sheet_by_index(<span style="color: black;">0</span>) <span style="color: black;"># <span style="color: black;">经过</span>索引取得sheet对象</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.nrows<span style="color: black;"># 有效行数</span>
<span style="color: black;">351</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.ncols <span style="color: black;"># 有效列数</span>
<span style="color: black;">34</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.row_values(<span style="color: black;">3</span>, start_colx=<span style="color: black;">3</span>, end_colx=<span style="color: black;">8</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 读取第3行的第3列到第8列的值 [-0.45161, 1.0, 1.0, 0.71216, -1.0]</span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.col_values(<span style="color: black;">2</span>, start_rowx=<span style="color: black;">3</span>, end_rowx=<span style="color: black;">10</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 读取第2列的第3行到第10行的值 </span>
<span style="color: black;">>>> </span>sh.cell_value(<span style="color: black;">3</span>,<span style="color: black;">4</span>) <span style="color: black;"># 返回第3行第4列的值</span>
<span style="color: black;">1.0</span>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">3．<span style="color: black;">运用</span> xlwt 模块生成 XLS 格式的文件</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span> xlwt 模块只能生成新的 Excel 文件，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>对已有的 Excel 文件进行编辑。其<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>与<span style="color: black;">运用</span> xlrd 读取 Excel 文件有点类似，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>创建一个 book 对象，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>添加 sheet，并对 sheet 做写入操作。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，xlwt 模块还<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了单元格、字体、边框等样式的设置<span style="color: black;">办法</span></strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>利用 Python 读写其它格式的文件，例如HDF文件、CSV文件等，<span style="color: black;">详细</span>内容可参见<strong style="color: blue;">《Python <span style="color: black;">能手</span>修炼之道 数据处理与<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习实战》</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上<span style="color: black;">便是</span><strong style="color: blue;">简单数据文件读写</strong>的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>操作啦，无论是小白练手，还是白领办公都非常适用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>小白<span style="color: black;">必须</span>系统地学习Python<span style="color: black;">而后</span>将其应用，<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>你读一下<strong style="color: blue;">《Python<span style="color: black;">能手</span>修炼之道》</strong>，这本书的作者许向武是CSDN的博客专家，资深程序员，<span style="color: black;">运用</span>Python超过10年，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说<span style="color: black;">针对</span>Python的学习有系统的、独到的见解。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/cbb30b7962e74d628fdefcde31c73d08~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=fGXR06CepGnRj48k8GkJRcStb0g%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这本书系统地介绍了<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>入门 Python 并利用 Python 进行数据处理与<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习实战，从 Python 的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>安装<span style="color: black;">起始</span>介绍，系统梳理了 Python 的入门语法知识，归纳介绍了图像处理、数据文件读写、数据库操作等 Python 基本技能；<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">仔细</span>讲解了 NumPy、Matplotlib、Pandas、Scipy、Scikit-learn 等在<strong style="color: blue;">数据处理、<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的应用</strong>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/c0288f09da13490eb2d45e6cbb05d650~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=RhUd2k5cGV1wfdLyj03JHoC4OAM%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">代码实例涵盖网络爬虫、数据处理、视觉识别、<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习等应用<span style="color: black;">行业</span></strong>，<span style="color: black;">另外</span>，作者还精心创作了语感训练100题、Python内置函数（类）手册、从新手到<span style="color: black;">能手</span>的100个模块等内容，以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>读者更好地学习并<span style="color: black;">把握</span>Python这一工具。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/2096b5bd6db346c28a2728e970ed96e2~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723890180&x-signature=%2FCrbFFKWdaRLd5frJgxxl0xYsA4%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Python<span style="color: black;">能手</span>修炼之道：数据处理与<span style="color: black;">设备</span>学习实战</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这本书非常适合初学者有针对性地进行编程技能<span style="color: black;">提高</span>，能够满足你从巩固<span style="color: black;">基本</span>、磨练技能再到拓展应用的学习需求，助你“修炼”为<span style="color: black;">熟悉</span>的Python程序员。</p>
我完全同意你的看法，期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。
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