外贸新人必要晓得的最全的外贸操作流程
<img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/ROWxNhz5QIbJBz~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723873229&x-signature=2akwLGieN2ghtrU%2FNTJW3UoV4Ps%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>外贸新人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,虽然<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>理论上的外贸知识,<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>真正的外贸流程想必还是有点云里雾里。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span>经过系统的接触和操作,外贸新人对外贸流程基本<span style="color: black;">处在</span>一知半解的状态。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,熟知<span style="color: black;">全部</span>外贸流程<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效地<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>外贸业务员有序开展外贸工作,不致于影响到外贸订单的洽谈、生产<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>收款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天,<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>就给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>系统性地介绍下外贸<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的<span style="color: black;">全部</span>外贸流程,供外贸新人参考。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.客户询盘:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>在客户下采购订单之前,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>都会有<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的Order Inquiry给业务部,做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>细节上的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和沟通。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.报价:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部<span style="color: black;">即时</span>回复客人咨询,确定货物品名、生产厂家、型号、数量、交货期、付款方式、包装规格及柜型等,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>Proforma Invoice给客户做正式报价。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.得到订单:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">经过洽谈,收到客户正式的采购订单Purchase Order。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.确认交货期:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">得到客人的订单确认后,口头<span style="color: black;">通知</span>工厂订单详情,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂安排生产计划并答复交货期。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.业务审批:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部收到订单后,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>做出业务审核表。按“出口合同审核表”的项目如实填写,尽可能将<span style="color: black;">各样</span>预计<span style="color: black;">花费</span>都列明。合同审批需附上客人订单传真件,与工厂的收购合同。审核表要由业务员签名,<span style="color: black;">分部</span>经理审批,再交管理部人员审核后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>执行。如金额<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的,或有预付款和佣金等条款的,要经<span style="color: black;">机构</span>总经理审批才行。合同审批之后,制成<span style="color: black;">营销</span>订单,交给<span style="color: black;">分部</span>进程员跟进。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.下达生产<span style="color: black;">通告</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">业务部在确定交货期后,满足下列<span style="color: black;">状况</span>可下达生产<span style="color: black;">通告</span>,<span style="color: black;">通告</span>工厂按时生产。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.1 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是L/C付款的客户,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是在交货期前1个月确认L/C<span style="color: black;">已然</span>收到,收到L/C后应业务员和单证员分别审查信用证,<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在错误,交货期能否<span style="color: black;">保证</span>,及其他可能的问题,如有问题应立即请客人改证;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.2 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是T/T付款的客户,要确认定金<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到账;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.3 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是放帐客户,或<span style="color: black;">经过</span>银行D/A等方式收汇等,需经理确认。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.验货:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.1 在交货期前<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>,要<span style="color: black;">通告</span><span style="color: black;">机构</span>验货员验货。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.2 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>客人要自己或指定验货人员来验货的,要在交货期<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>前,约客户验货并将验货日期<span style="color: black;">通知</span>计划部。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.3 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>客人指定由第三方验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或公正行等验货的,要在交货期两周前与验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>联系,预约验货时间,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>在交货期前安排好时间,确定后将验货时间<span style="color: black;">通告</span>工厂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.制备基本单证文件:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>工厂<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的装箱资料,制作出口合同,出口<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票,装箱单等文件(应由业务跟单员制作,交给单证员)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.商检:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>是国家法定商检<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,在给工厂下订单时要说明商检<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,并<span style="color: black;">供给</span>出口合同,发票等商检所需资料。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>要告诉工厂将来<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的出口口岸,便于工厂办理商检。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,应在发货<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>之前拿到商检换证凭单/条。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.租船订仓:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.1 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>跟客人签定的合同是FOB CHINA条款,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>客人会指定运输代理<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。此时,应尽早与货代联系,<span style="color: black;">通知</span>发货意向,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>将要安排的出口口岸、船期等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,并确认工厂的交货能否早于开船期<span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">1星期</span>以前,以及船期能否达到客人<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的交货期。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,应在交货期两周之前向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>发出书面定仓<span style="color: black;">通告</span>(ING ORDER),<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在开船<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>前可拿到定仓纸。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.2 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>卖方支付运费,应尽早向货运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>咨询船期、运价、开船口岸等。经比较,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>价格优惠、信誉好、船期合适的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,并告诉业务员通告给客人,如客人不同意时要另选客人认可的船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,开船前两周书面定仓,程序同上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.3 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>货物<span style="color: black;">不足</span>一个小柜,需走散货时,应向货代<span style="color: black;">机构</span>定散货仓位。拿到入仓纸时,还要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>截关时间、入仓报关<span style="color: black;">需求</span>等内容。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.4 向运输<span style="color: black;">机构</span>定仓时,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要传真书面定仓纸,注明所定船期、柜型及数量、目的港等内容,以避免差错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.安排拖柜:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.1 货物做好并验货<span style="color: black;">经过</span>后,<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>提柜、装柜。拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>应<span style="color: black;">选取</span>安全<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>、价格<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签定协议<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>合作,以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>安全及准时。拖柜前要给拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>传真以下资料:定仓确认书/放柜纸,船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,定仓号,拖柜<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书,注明装柜时间,柜型及数量,装柜<span style="color: black;">位置</span>,报关行,及装船口岸等。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有验货<span style="color: black;">机构</span>看装柜,要专门声明,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>晚到,并<span style="color: black;">需求</span>回传一份上柜资料,列明柜号、车牌号、司机及联系<span style="color: black;">tel</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.2 传真一份装车资料给工厂,列明上柜时间、柜型、订仓号、订单号、车牌号以及司机联系<span style="color: black;">tel</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.3 <span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂在货柜离开工厂后尽快传真一份装货<span style="color: black;">通告</span>给业务部,列明货柜离厂时间、<span style="color: black;">实质</span>装货数量等,并记装箱号码和封条号码<span style="color: black;">做为</span>提单的资料。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>工厂装柜后<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要记住上封条。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在拖柜的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>将报关所需资料交给合作报关行,<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>出口报关及做商检通关换单。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>要给报关留出两天时间(船截关前)。<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关时,应<span style="color: black;">供给</span>一份装柜资料,内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span>所装货物及数量、口岸、船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>、定仓号、柜号、船开截关时间、拖车<span style="color: black;">机构</span>、柜型及数量以及本<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的联系人和<span style="color: black;">tel</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.<span style="color: black;">得到</span>运输文件:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.1 最迟在开船后两天内,要将提单补料内容传真给船运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或货运代理。补料要按找L/C或客人的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>来做,并给出正确的货物数量,以及<span style="color: black;">有些</span>特殊<span style="color: black;">需求</span>等,<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>随同提单出的船证明等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.2 督促船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>尽快出提单样板及运费帐单。仔细核对样本无误后,向船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>书面确认提单内容。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>提单需客人确认的,要先传真提单样板给客人,得到确认后再<span style="color: black;">需求</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>出正本。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.3 <span style="color: black;">即时</span>支付运杂费,付款后<span style="color: black;">通告</span>船<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>取得提单等运输文件。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,支付运费应做登记。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.准备其它单证文件:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.1 <span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票:L/C<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>的文件中,对<span style="color: black;">商场</span>发票<span style="color: black;">需求</span>最严格。发票的日期要确定在开证日之后,交货期之前;发票中的货物描述要与L/C上的完全相同,小写和大写金额都要正确无误;L/C上对发票的条款应<span style="color: black;">表示</span>出来,要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>唛头;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发票需办理对方大使馆认证,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>要提前20天办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.2 FORMA原产地证书:FORM A原产地证要在发货之前到检验检疫局申办。需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是运输日期要在L/C的交货期和开船日之前,在发票日期之后。未能在发货之前办理的,要办理后发证书,需<span style="color: black;">供给</span>报关单,提单等文件。经香港转运的货物,FORM A证书<span style="color: black;">一般</span>要到香港的中国商检<span style="color: black;">机构</span>办理加签,证明未在港对货物进行再加工。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.3 <span style="color: black;">通常</span>原产地证:<span style="color: black;">通常</span>原产地证可在中国贸易促进会办理,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>低<span style="color: black;">有些</span>,可在发货之后不太长的时间内补办。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>原产地证书要办理大使馆加签,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>和发票<span style="color: black;">同样</span>要提前20天办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.4 装运<span style="color: black;">通告</span>:<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在开船后几天之内,要<span style="color: black;">通告</span>客人发货的细节,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>船名、航班次、开船日、预计抵港日、货物及数量、金额、包装件数、唛头、目的港代理人等。有时L/C<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>发送证明,如传真报告书、发函底单等,<span style="color: black;">重视</span>按客人<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的时间内办理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.5 装箱单:装箱单应清楚地<span style="color: black;">显示</span>货物装箱<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>每箱内装的数量、每箱的毛重、净重、外箱尺寸。按外箱尺寸计算出来的总体积要与标明的总体积相符。要<span style="color: black;">表示</span>唛头和箱号,以便于客人<span style="color: black;">查询</span>。<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,装箱单的重量、体积要与提单相符。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15. L/C收汇:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.1 采用L/C收汇的,应在规定的交单时间内,备齐<span style="color: black;">所有</span>单证,并严格审单,<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>错误,才交银行议付。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.2 采用T/T收汇的,在取得提单后马上传真提单给客人付款,确认收到余款后再将提单正本及其它单证文件寄给客人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.3 <span style="color: black;">倘若</span>T/T收汇的,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>收全款<span style="color: black;">才可</span>做柜的,要等收款后再安排拖柜,拿到提单后可立即寄正本提单给客人。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16.业务登记:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">每单出口业务在完成后要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>做登记,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>电脑登记及书面登记,便于日后<span style="color: black;">查找</span>、统计等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17.文件存档:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所有的文件、L/C和议付文件<span style="color: black;">必要</span>留存一整套以备查用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18.收集信息:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单证员平时应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>收集运价变动、船期、航线等信息,为业务员报价<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。(<span style="color: black;">源自</span>:外贸SOHO圈)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上内容属作者个人观点,不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>雨果网立场!本文经原作者授权转载,转载需经原作者授权同意。</p>
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