【将来虫教育】Python把英文句子切分成单词列表的四种办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240617/1ac11779c65e46f186eb593b793b4570.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>maketrans法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的原理<span style="color: black;">便是</span>导入string中的punctuation，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>利用maketrans<span style="color: black;">创立</span>起一个映射字典，均指向一空格键名。再<span style="color: black;">经过</span>str.translate()清除掉文本中的所有标点符号并替换为空格。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而后</span>利用split()的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，把字符<span style="color: black;">根据</span>空格来切分，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>所有的单词都会切分出来，不会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>单词和标点连在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from string import punctuation as punct #引入punctuation模块，给它起个别名：punct</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">s="Hello! Life is short, and I like Python. Do you like it?" # 设定要替换的字符串</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">transtab=str.maketrans({key:" " for key in punct}) #生成映射字典，把所有标点映身为空格</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">s1=s.translate(transtab) # 批量映射后，把结果赋值给s1</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">print(s1)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表示</span>结果如下：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240617/9185734c844c4a2d97958110cd8f5370.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">maketrans切分单词</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>re.split()切分法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">和<span style="color: black;">第1</span>种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>类似，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先导入string中的punctuation，获取标点符号的字符串，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>利用re.split(‘[,.!]’,string)的切分<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，再加入一个空格。最后，再利用列表推导式来去除原结果中的空元素。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">import re</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from string import punctuation as punct #引入punctuation模块，给它起个别名：punct</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"># </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">s="Hello! Life is short, and I like Python. Do you like it? Do" # 设定要替换的字符串</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">text = re.split("[{} ]".format(punct),s)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">print()</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240617/7b0179a1890748f6990dbf6772f5f87b.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用re.split()切分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结果与<span style="color: black;">第1</span>种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>NLTK中的word_tokenize()法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>导入自然语方处理工具包NLTK，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>利用其中的word_tokenize这个分词工具进行分词，接着再用列表推导式去除标点符号。代码如下：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from nltk import word_tokenize</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">s="Hello! Life is short, and I like Python. Do you like it? Do" # 设定要替换的字符串</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">print()</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>结果展示：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240617/2ee94cab8fcd4454af704e76a4af65f1.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">word_tokenize()切分单词</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>re. findall()法</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>利用正则表达式模块中的findall(), <span style="color: black;">按照</span>正则表达式【+】<span style="color: black;">查询</span>所有的单词，并生成这些单词的列表。最后再<span style="color: black;">经过</span>i.lower()来最小化单词。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">import re</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">s="Hello! Life is short, and I like Python. Do you like it? Do" # 设定要替换的字符串</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">text = re.findall("+",s)</p>
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