4zhvml8 发表于 2024-8-10 11:42:31

中西医治疗儿童白癜风的科研发展


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      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">孙亚如1,欧柏生2,候亚林1,覃玉穆1</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1.广西中医药大学,广西 南宁 530001;2.广西中医药大学<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;">附庸</span>医院,广西 南宁 530023)</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">摘要:</strong>与成人白癜风相比较,儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床特点与家族史、外伤、伴发晕痣及<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>,可能是特殊类型的白癜风。随着白癜风<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的深入,儿童白癜风的治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>取得了<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。本文将近5年文献进行整理,从单纯外治、联合治疗两大方面介绍中西医治疗儿童白癜风的新<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关键词:</strong>中西医;白癜风;儿童;治疗<span style="color: black;">发展</span></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Reseach Progress of Chinese Medincine and Modern Medicine Treatments for Vitiligo in Children</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SUN Yaru1,OU Baisheng2,HOU Yalin1,QIN Yumu1</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1.Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530001,Guanxi ,China;2.The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine,Nanning 530023,Guanxi ,China)</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Abstract</strong><strong style="color: blue;">:</strong>Compared with vitiligo in adults, the major traits of vitiligo in children comprise the family vitiligo history, trauma history,halo nevi association,autoimmune diseases and so on. Childhood vitiligo may be distinct type of vitiligo. With more in-depth understandings on vitiligo,the efficacy of vitiligo in children was improved.</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">The article summarizes nearly five years literature from two major aspects including external therapy and comprehensive threrapy to introduce new progress of chinese medincine and modern medicine treatments for vitiligo in children.</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Keywords</strong><strong style="color: blue;">:</strong>Traditional Medicine and Western Medicine; Vitiligo; Children; Treatment progress</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白癜风是一种色素脱失性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特点是<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>黑色素细胞<span style="color: black;">损害</span>后,皮肤黏膜形成局部或泛发的脱色斑。该病易诊断,难治疗,病程较长,患病率与性别、年龄、种族差异无关,我国人群发病率为0.1%-2%[1]。白癜风特征性的皮损影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外貌,妨碍了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>心理健康与<span style="color: black;">平常</span>社交活动[2],尤其是心理<span style="color: black;">生长</span>未成熟的儿童、青少年<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>白癜风治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>较多[3],但适用于儿童<span style="color: black;">病人</span>且安全有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>较少,加上儿童<span style="color: black;">病人</span>年龄幼小、对<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性强等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>为儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>最佳<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>临床上的重中之重。本文<span style="color: black;">经过</span>搜索并整理近5年文献,对中西医治疗儿童白癜风的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>进行综述,以期为临床个体化治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>有力依据。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong><strong style="color: blue;">单纯外治</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.1</strong>外用钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">局部外用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>为治疗儿童白癜风的首选<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。[4]他克莫司和吡美莫司皆属于钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>阻断T细胞的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>细胞因子[5],或是调节局部的细胞免疫环境,从而促进黑素细胞的生长。杨苏等[6]对头面部、躯干部分别25例的稳<span style="color: black;">定时</span>儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行临床观察,予1%吡美莫司乳膏外用治疗,每日早晚各一次,在第三个月和第六个月分别判定疗效。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>头面部组的疗效均优于躯干组,且治疗六个月的疗效优于三个月。说明吡美莫司乳膏对稳<span style="color: black;">定时</span>局限型头面部或躯干部儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均有效,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>相对时间越长,效果越好。何天管[7]<span style="color: black;">报告</span>对治疗组30例面颈部儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>外用吡美莫司乳膏治疗,对照组外用卤米松,结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>治疗组总有效率与对照组相当,差异无统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&gt;0.05),并且副反应率(10%)<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>后者(33.3%),存在差异性(P&lt;0.05)。结论在<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>有效治疗中,免疫<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂吡美莫司相对安全。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.2</strong>光疗</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,光疗因其安全有效、<span style="color: black;">方便</span>等<span style="color: black;">优良</span>治疗白癜风而备受儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属的关注。光疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">短期</span>局部照射病变部位达到治疗目的,且治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>无任何痛苦。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>治疗儿童白癜风疗效<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的光化学疗法<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有窄谱中波紫外线(NB-UVB)、308nm准分子激光、高能紫外线。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.2.1</strong>窄谱中波紫外线</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">与其他光疗相比,NB-UVB在儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">科研</span>及临床应用方面已相对成熟。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>[8]NB-UVB<span style="color: black;">经过</span>调节体液免疫,<span style="color: black;">促进</span>局部皮肤组织转移生长因子(TGF)-β1<span style="color: black;">上升</span>,<span style="color: black;">控制</span>局部炎症反应,可促进黑素产生。林立航等[9]将儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>随机分为64例和对照组61例进行观察,治疗组以NB-UVB局部照射皮损处,以0.05%卤米松乳膏局部外用<span style="color: black;">做为</span>对照,得出结论治疗组有效率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>优于对照组,NB-UVB对儿童白癜风患儿的治疗效果更佳。杜玮等[10]对46 例儿童局限性白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行观察,以<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>皮损为对照分为两个区(311 nm 窄谱紫外线照射区与308 nm 准分子光区),10天后进行疗效<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>15次光疗后,311nm窄谱紫外线治疗区和308nm准分子光区皮损的有效率分别为32.56%、51.16%,30次光疗后分别为53.49%、69.77%,差异均有统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&lt;0.05)。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>308nm准分子光治疗效果优于311nm窄谱紫外线。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.2.2</strong>308nm准分子激光</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">308nm波长是中波(UVB)紫外光中最中间、最有效的一个波段。它因<span style="color: black;">功效</span>于白癜风病理性 T 细胞,<span style="color: black;">促进</span>其凋亡,<span style="color: black;">作为</span>治疗T 细胞参与的白癜风的最佳波长[11]。308nm准分子激光<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>穿透力强、局部照射时间相对较短、疗效<span style="color: black;">明显</span>等特点[12],在临床中得到人们认可。李琳[13]应用308nm准分子激光治疗白癜风患儿,局部照射后,<span style="color: black;">区别</span>部位对激光的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>差异,躯干部和面颈部较<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>,肢端部和四肢部稍差。<span style="color: black;">也</span>有<span style="color: black;">报告</span>[14]提出良好的护理<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有助于<span style="color: black;">加强</span>激光的治疗效率。杨雅方等[15]观察每例相同部位皮损超过3处的90例已确诊的儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,采用<span style="color: black;">自己</span>对照,其中一处<span style="color: black;">做为</span>空白对照,分别给予高能紫外光、308nm准分子激光外用治疗,每周2次,共治疗30次。结果示后者治疗皮损显效率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>高于前者,且在面颈部疗效最<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。结论308nm准分子激光、高能紫外光治疗儿童白癜风疗效与皮损部位有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.2.3</strong>高能紫外线</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">304nm中波高能紫外线和311 nm 窄谱中波紫外线均可用于治疗白癜风,与后者相比较,前者<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更大<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。304nm中波高能紫外线单位时间内的能量是311 nm 窄谱中波紫外线的五到数十倍。[16]<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>穿透力强、治疗光斑小、靶向性强等特点[17],减少了对正常皮肤的损害,从而缩短治疗时间,进一步<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗效。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了验证高能紫外线的治疗安全性,胡彩霞等[18]对40例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(共50处皮损)采用高能紫外线进行治疗,以最小红斑量(MED)的一或两倍<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">初始</span>治疗量,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">时期</span>皮损进行适量<span style="color: black;">调节</span>,每周1-2次,6个月后进行疗效<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>皮损的总有效率为62%,痊愈率为26%,未见严重不良反应。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1.3</strong><strong style="color: blue;">自体表皮移植</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自体表皮移植<span style="color: black;">包含</span>自体表皮培养移植、自体黑素细胞移植、钻孔移植、负压吸疱法等。它适用于稳<span style="color: black;">定时</span>局限型的白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">选取</span>色素正常的非暴露部位皮肤作供皮区,白斑部位及供皮区均采用负压抽吸法[19]。该<span style="color: black;">办法</span>缺点价格昂贵,有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的失败率,部分病例再生色素颜色不均匀。临床上低龄患儿的依从性差,婴幼儿不适合采用。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong><strong style="color: blue;">联合治疗</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床诊治过程中,专家观察到在<span style="color: black;">药品</span>、<span style="color: black;">理学</span>或是手术等单一疗法都<span style="color: black;">不可</span>取得较为满意的疗效时,两种或是多种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>的联合<span style="color: black;">达到</span>到增效减毒的效果。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1</strong><strong style="color: blue;">外治联合</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1.1</strong>钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂联合糖皮质激素</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">研究<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>外用糖皮质激素可促进黑色素细胞产生黑色素,可有效治疗白癜风,但<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span>局部皮肤萎缩、毛发增生等皮质类固醇激素的不良反应[20],联合用药<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效降低其副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。章海涛等[21]做了<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,予他克莫司联合糠酸莫米松外用治疗38例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>早晚分别外用他克莫司、0.1%糠酸莫米松1次,对照组30例则每晚外用0.1%糠酸莫米松1次,1个疗程为4个月,每月复诊1次。结果提示两组显效率与有效率均无统计学差异(P&gt;0.05),治疗组副反应<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率(2.63%)<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>对照组(16.67%),差异有统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&lt;0.05)。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1.2</strong>钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂联合中药酊剂 </p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">复方卡力孜然酊是在中医理论和维吾尔医学理论的<span style="color: black;">指点</span>下产生的,其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>组<span style="color: black;">作为</span>新疆特有的驱虫斑鸠菊和中药补骨脂、何首乌、白鲜皮、乌梅等。该酊剂<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>祛风燥湿、舒经活络、温肤散寒等<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,改善了皮肤微循环,激活黑素细胞内的酪氨酸酶活性,刺激黑素细胞功能恢复,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>黑色素生成量,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">饱含</span>多种微量元素的驱虫斑鸠菊可局部<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>微量元素,从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>皮肤的光敏性[22]。宋远[23]观察32例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(节段型4例、肢端型1例、泛发型3例、散发型6例、局限型18例),予复方卡力孜然酊与他克莫司软膏<span style="color: black;">同期</span>外用,对照组则单用复方卡力孜然酊局部外涂,每日2次,一个疗程为3个月。结果联合用药组痊愈6例,显效14例,好转6例,有效率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>高于对照组。其中局限型痊愈4例,散发型痊愈2例,说明联合用药对局限型、散发型疗效优于节段型、肢端型。丁欣强等[24]外用自制中药酊剂(补骨脂、白芷、当归等)联合0.03%他克莫司软膏治疗儿童白癜风,每日2次,早晚各1次;外用0.05%的卤米松软膏作对照,<span style="color: black;">办法</span>同治疗组;疗程为3个月,每月随访1次。得出结果3月后治疗组总有效率90.6%优于对照组74.4%。据<span style="color: black;">科研</span>补骨脂和白芷<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>光敏<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,可激活酪氨酸酶,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>黑素生成量,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>诱导黑素细胞功能恢复,说明中药制剂外用治疗白癜风有其独到之处。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1.3</strong>钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂联合光疗</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">霍培文等[25]为了探讨中波高能紫外线与0.03%他克莫司软膏联合治疗儿童白癜风的临床疗效,采用<span style="color: black;">自己</span>对照的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>对48例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(89处皮损)进行治疗,每周联合治疗一到两次,<span style="color: black;">连续</span>规律治疗12周后<span style="color: black;">评估</span>治疗效果。结果皮损的有效率为75.28%,痊愈率为31.46%。李瑾娴等[26]做了<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,将74例<span style="color: black;">病人</span>采用随机对照<span style="color: black;">办法</span>分成两组,治疗组给以高能紫外线联合0.03%他克莫司软膏治疗,对照组予高能紫外线联合外用丁酸氢化可的松软膏治疗。10周后治疗组与对照组总有效率分别为81.1%(30/37)、37.8%(14/37),痊愈率分别为 43.2%(16/37)、21.6% (8/37),差异均<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P值均&lt;0.05)。刘颉[27]外用0.1%他克莫司<span style="color: black;">每日</span>两次治疗儿童面颈部白癜风,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>联合NB-UVB局部照射,每周2次,<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>疗程为16周。对照组只外用他克莫司乳膏,用法同上。结果<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>联合治疗组有效率高于单独外用药组,推测NB-UVB联合他克莫司治疗儿童面颈部白癜风良好效果可能与儿童机体较强的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性、家长较好的依从性<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1.4</strong>糖皮质激素联合免疫调节剂</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">免疫调节剂<span style="color: black;">包含</span>注射用核糖核酸Ⅲ、人胎盘脂多糖、卡介菌多糖核酸、丙种球蛋白等,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>平衡体液免疫或刺激机体的细胞免疫调节人体免疫功能[28],从而有助于治疗白癜风。谢骏逸等[29]采用肌肉注射人胎盘脂多糖注射液治疗32例儿童白癜风,每次1支,隔日1次,1个疗程为20次,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>间断<span style="color: black;">运用</span>糠酸莫米松乳膏,每日1次,3个疗程后<span style="color: black;">评估</span>疗效。结果3个疗程的总有效率达78.1%,并且无<span style="color: black;">显著</span>不良反应。杜晓丽[30]对52例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行治疗,予复方氟米松软膏涂搽患处,每日2次,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>肌注核糖核酸Ⅲ10mg,每周1次;对照组50例外用地丙醇溶液,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>2次,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>注射用同等剂量的核糖核酸Ⅲ,疗程均为3个月。结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>两组疗效相当,治疗组的不良反应较少、轻,治疗组色素的平均再生时间稍短,证明复方氟米松联合注射用核糖核酸Ⅲ<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效的治疗儿童白癜风,并且较易接受。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.1.5</strong>光疗联合免疫调节剂</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑素生成素是人体胎盘的一种活性<span style="color: black;">成份</span>,<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>胎盘蛋白肽和胎盘脂质。[31]将健康产妇的胎盘冰冻后搅碎,经无水乙醇浸泡、过滤、除菌后可配制成质量浓度为1.2mg/mL的黑素生成素药液。高岩等[32]采用黑素生成素药液与NB-UVB联合治疗83例儿童白癜风,单用NB-UVB治疗为对照组,结果示联合组在躯干、四肢、肢端显效率较为<span style="color: black;">明显</span>,且皮损面积<span style="color: black;">显著</span>缩小。还有<span style="color: black;">报告</span>静脉注射丙种球蛋白能有效<span style="color: black;">加强</span>血液中IgG的浓度,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>抗病毒、细菌等能力,从而有助于治疗白癜风,朱爱娟等[33]<span style="color: black;">经过</span>临床观察验证了这一<span style="color: black;">报告</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>窄谱中波紫外线联合静脉注射丙种球蛋白可有效改善儿童泛发型白癜风症状,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>疗效的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>缩短病程,更加安全<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.2</strong><strong style="color: blue;">内外治联合</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.2.1</strong>中药内服联合钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中药内服治疗儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">必须</span>四诊合参、辨证论治。欧柏生[34]认为儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">重点</span>病<span style="color: black;">由于</span>脾气虚弱,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>气血生化不足,皮肤失于滋养,风寒乘虚而入,致营卫不和、气血凝滞,从而发为白斑。为了验证中药内服联合钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的疗效,王榴慧等[35]嘱儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>口服临床经验方养血祛风汤,<span style="color: black;">药品</span>组<span style="color: black;">作为</span>黄芪、炒党参、炒白术、菟丝子等,煎煮后去渣取汁300ml,2天服1剂;<span style="color: black;">同期</span>局部外用0.03%他克莫司软膏,<span style="color: black;">每日</span>早晚各1次,1个疗程为30天,共3个疗程。结果有效率<span style="color: black;">显著</span>优于对照组,差异有统计学<span style="color: black;">道理</span>(P&lt;0.05)。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2.2.2</strong>中药内服+中药外用</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高相晶等[36]诊治90例儿童白癜风,内服蔡瑞康教授自制中药复方制剂乌梅汤,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>局部外用中草药复方增色液(<span style="color: black;">药品</span>:独活、紫草、马齿苋、透骨草等)后日光照射30min,<span style="color: black;">夜晚</span>外擦补骨脂素溶液20min后局部UVA照射,2个月为1个疗程。经3个疗程的治疗后,总有效率达到42.2%。王胜春等[37]对90例儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行治疗,予口服自拟消白汤(<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>为盐补骨脂、酒丹参、制何首乌、炙黄芪、新疆紫草等)与复方甘草酸苷片,联合复方卡力孜然酊外涂患处;对照组则应用后两种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>;进行观察3个月。结果提示治疗组愈显率、总有效率皆<span style="color: black;">显著</span>高于对照组,无<span style="color: black;">显著</span>不良反应。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong><strong style="color: blue;">展望</strong></p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">儿童白癜风<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是白癜风家族中一个特殊群体,其发病的病因和机制较成人白癜风更<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>。针对<span style="color: black;">区别</span>儿童白癜风患儿的诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,家长给以相应的有效的避免<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,可<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>白癜风的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。近年来,儿童白癜风的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>从传统的内服<span style="color: black;">药品</span>到外用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>及<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">理学</span>疗法,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>钙调神经磷酸酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂外用治疗儿童白癜风相对安全,避免糖皮质激素的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,可替代糖皮质激素。光化学疗法虽然方便有效,但<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的经济<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>和儿童的生长<span style="color: black;">生长</span>,不宜用于<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>治疗。联合治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>不仅<span style="color: black;">加强</span>患儿的治疗疗效<span style="color: black;">同期</span>起到预防<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,在临床上取得满意的效果。中药内服运用辨证论治,把握整体的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>加入引经<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,标本兼治;加上中药配方颗粒剂的产生,为儿童<span style="color: black;">病人</span>口服中药<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了方便。中药内服结合外用中药搽剂,或是西医疗法,可有效地<span style="color: black;">加强</span>临床疗效,缩短病程,但<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对中药内服联合疗法治疗儿童白癜风进行大样本量的临床效果<span style="color: black;">评定</span>,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>制定最优的个体化<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
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      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">基金项目:</strong>2014年国家自然科学基金项目(编号:81460732)</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">作者简介</strong>:孙亚如(1990-),女,河南濮阳人,硕士<span style="color: black;">科研</span>生,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>方向:白癜风的临床与实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。</p>
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">通讯作者:</strong>欧柏生(1970-),男,<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师、教授,硕士<span style="color: black;">科研</span>生导师,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>方向:白癜风和生殖器疱疹的临床和实验<span style="color: black;">科研</span>。E-mail:obs999@163.com。</p>
    </div>




after6266 发表于 2024-8-26 06:20:51

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j8typz 发表于 2024-10-2 19:26:25

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4lqedz 发表于 2024-10-27 02:55:09

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