这些症状是癌症的初期征兆，一旦显现，千万要注意
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">文/潘战和</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科 副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症在<span style="color: black;">初期</span>会有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>症状和体征，这是<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都关心的问题。世界卫生组织曾经提出“八大警号”<span style="color: black;">做为</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>征兆的参考。本文<span style="color: black;">这里</span><span style="color: black;">基本</span>上进一步扩展为癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>可能会有的15种症状和体征，供<span style="color: black;">大众</span>参考。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿块结节要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>，三招<span style="color: black;">能够</span>初判断</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体某部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个可能会想到的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤。但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不必恐慌，肿块结节不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症，它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是非肿瘤性的（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>炎性包块），<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是良性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>对它做一个初步的判断：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一看<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。越小的结节从概率上越倾向良性，当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是绝对的，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>随访复查；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节超过1厘米则更要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。除了<span style="color: black;">体积</span>本身，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的变化趋势和速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>参考价值，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>增大<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是增大<span style="color: black;">快速</span>的结节倾向恶性可能，要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-d6d581749f2e8b7d2887ca14e9157bc5_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二看质地。质软或囊性肿块，倾向于良性，质硬、固定或实性肿块，倾向恶性可能，但淋巴瘤的肿大淋巴结摸起来质韧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三看边界和活动度。良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>边界清，活动度较好；恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">都数</span>边界不清，与<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织<span style="color: black;">常常</span>粘连或融合，活动度较差。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">连续</span>疼痛非外伤，切忌只用止痛药</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都经历过<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个反应<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是用止痛药，这其实会掩盖病情，应该先想一想可能是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身体某个部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的、<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，应去医院查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">03</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">长治不愈久咳嗽，止咳更要去查因</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对咳嗽见怪不怪，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会太<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。有的人遇咳止咳，其实更重要的是弄清楚咳嗽的病因。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>久治不愈的咳嗽或痰中带血，尤其是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟者，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肺癌的可能。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">04</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>总发烧，癌症可能是元凶</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发烧<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明，且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症可能，尽早进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">05</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">莫名消瘦和疲乏，<span style="color: black;">原由</span>或许在癌症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>主动进行<span style="color: black;">减肥</span><span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>刻意节食，体重却不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>下降或进行性消瘦，或伴厌食、乏力、易疲劳等，要查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，消瘦和疲乏<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是癌症的表现之一。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">06</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>外伤却<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症找上门</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非外伤性<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>便血或呕血，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除肠癌、胃癌可能；咯血、痰中带血要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肺癌；不规律阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或非<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，可能与子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>；<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿或伴排尿困难，小心泌尿系肿瘤；非外伤鼻<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除鼻咽癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">07</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span>在，莫要大意当胃病</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化不良、食欲不振<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人只是短暂一过性的，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>消化不良<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，或伴泛酸烧心、上腹闷痛不适，不<span style="color: black;">想要</span>当然地认为是<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的“胃病”，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>胃癌或食管癌等的可能。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">08</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span>梗阻感，尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>找<span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时有胸骨后闷胀感或胸骨后面的烧灼感，胸骨后<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">或</span>感觉食管内异物感，尤其是进行性加重的吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span>梗阻感，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>食管癌、喉癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">09</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">声嘶<span style="color: black;">连续</span>难恢复，喉返神经受侵压</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短暂的声嘶可能<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都曾有过，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>声嘶难于恢复，且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间较久，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>喉癌、肺癌等侵犯或压迫喉返神经的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便习惯性状变，小心肠癌已上身</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便习惯、次数或性状<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变（如大便外形变细，大便带脓、血、黏液等），或便秘与腹泻交替，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>大肠癌，应尽早到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白斑乃是癌前病，增大灼痒疑癌变</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口腔黏膜白斑、女性外阴或男性阴茎龟头白斑<span style="color: black;">快速</span>扩大伴灼痒感，应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除癌变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑痣增大色改变，黑色素瘤有可能</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑痣<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都有，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大，或边缘变得不规则，或颜色<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变，或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>破溃<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，或灼痒<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，以及痣上原有的毛发脱落，要<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>黑色素瘤可能。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-3c40829a650f96ab57be6975d78f8601_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自发病理性骨折，恶性肿瘤破坏骨</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>外力或仅有轻微外力<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，很容易就<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的骨折，可能是病理性骨折，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>骨恶性肿瘤。青少年<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤性关节处<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>肿胀，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排查白血病。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">溃疡伤口久不愈，或是癌症捣的乱</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>皮肤伤口或溃疡<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>皮肤癌可能。口腔溃疡很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>愈合，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>口腔癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">男性乳房现<span style="color: black;">反常</span>，莫要羞涩早<span style="color: black;">看病</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管男性乳腺癌极少见，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>男性乳房<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生<span style="color: black;">成长</span>或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>其他<span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>男性乳腺癌的可能，尽早到乳腺专科就诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后要说明的是，以上这些表现，并非特异性的，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>简单地对号入座，只是提醒你要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>，应到医院进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>以<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>晚期都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>任何症状，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>适龄人群或某些肿瘤高危人群主动进行筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文<span style="color: black;">照片</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于构思网、锐景创意</p>
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