癌中之王，可防可治！肝癌是最容易初期诊断的癌症
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">极目<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>记者 晏雯</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">摄影记者 黄士峰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">视频剪辑 彭影</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">通讯员 罗俊华 王芳</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q3.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240425/6c35ce43c59940038456c270ba06e290.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌<span style="color: black;">非常</span>凶险，其恶性程度高、病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span>快、死亡率高，常让人闻之色变，肝癌又被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为“癌中之王”。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>最新<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的湖北肿瘤登记数据，虽然肝癌发病率位居所有恶性肿瘤的第4位，但死亡率却在所有癌症中排名第二，仅次于肺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240425/ef89c4db292245f594f2a80d2b2f7d37.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尹涛<span style="color: black;">专家</span>（右）做客极目新闻演播厅，左为主持人张恒伟</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“肝癌其实是<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症中最容易早诊早治的癌种之一，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>它有很清晰的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>人群和很好的筛查手段。”4月24日，“323攻坚-癌症防治专家谈”栏目的第五场直播现场，湖北省肿瘤医院肝胆胰科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、肝癌首席专家、湖北省肿瘤医院肝癌规范化诊疗<span style="color: black;">指点</span>小组组长尹涛做客极目<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>直播间，为广大网友科普肝癌的早诊早治与科学治疗。极目<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>全程直播（点击链接看直播回放）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“癌中之王”有着最<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>人群</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“肝癌被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为‘癌中之王’，常常在悄<span style="color: black;">没</span>声息中<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。”湖北省肿瘤医院肝胆胰科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>、肝癌首席专家尹涛介绍，肝癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状并不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，这使得<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在确诊时<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>中晚期<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。“有症状时，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不像<span style="color: black;">大众</span>想象中的会<span style="color: black;">那样</span>疼，<span style="color: black;">一般</span>表现为胀痛、体重减轻、乏力等，但这些症状并不典型，容易被<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240425/3e4e4aa1c0c846e1b4132bab13039f10.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尹涛<span style="color: black;">专家</span>做客极目<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>演播厅</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>指出：“早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早诊断、早治疗是肝癌诊治的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。”<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肝癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状隐蔽，<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检<span style="color: black;">显出</span>尤为<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。尹涛呼吁，重点高危人群，尤其是肝炎、肝硬化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检，避免酗酒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“肝癌有着最<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>人群。中国<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的肝癌，几乎都是肝炎<span style="color: black;">关联</span>性肝癌。”尹涛解释说，这与国外的肝癌病因有所不同，中国的肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>乙肝、丙肝等肝炎发展而来，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>高危人群相对<span style="color: black;">知道</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尹涛指出，肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌是一个<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>演变的过程，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为“肝癌三部曲”。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>肝炎<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>反复<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>，就容易发展为肝硬化，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>进一步演变为肝癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，尹涛还<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>提醒，除了乙肝和丙肝，其他类型的肝炎、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>饮酒、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>食用霉变<span style="color: black;">食品</span>等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>都是肝癌的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>诱因。他强调，任何<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的肝硬化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，以及有肝癌家族史的人群，都属于肝癌的高危人群，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>格外<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>，做好<span style="color: black;">定时</span>筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">甲胎蛋白与彩超是肝癌筛查的利器</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“甲胎蛋白（AFP），<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是全世界最出色的肿瘤标志物之一。”尹涛解释，甲胎蛋白<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>三大<span style="color: black;">重要</span>功能：<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肿瘤、<span style="color: black;">评定</span>疗效以及监测复发。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q5.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240425/e1d34757f7454910bb6eb2f233e77fc5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尹涛<span style="color: black;">专家</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">经过</span>简单的抽血<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，就能检测到甲胎蛋白。它的特异性和<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性都非常出色，约70%-80%的肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>血液中，甲胎蛋白水平会<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span>。更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是，甲胎蛋白能够在影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>之前，就<span style="color: black;">捉捕</span>到肝癌的微妙迹象。”尹涛<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>少部分甲胎蛋白水平<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>的肝癌病例，超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>则展现出其独特的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。“超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肝癌的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>相当高。”尹涛强调，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肝癌高危人群<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，每半年进行一次甲胎蛋白检测和肝脏超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>至关<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>，能最大限度地<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌，而<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌<span style="color: black;">经过</span>外科手术切除，有很高的治愈率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尹涛介绍，彩超是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>最有效的常规筛查方式。它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>观察到肝脏内部的<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>结节、囊肿和肿瘤等，能覆盖90%以上的肝脏区域，并且定位精确。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“彩超<span style="color: black;">无</span>辐射，<span style="color: black;">检测</span>过程<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不痛苦。<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是<span style="color: black;">大众</span>要有筛查的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>。”尹涛解释说，“一两厘米的肝脏肿瘤都逃<span style="color: black;">不外</span>彩超的检测。只要<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的肝癌在3厘米以下，都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被认为是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌，而<span style="color: black;">少于</span>2厘米的则是极<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌。<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率高达70%-80%。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>可治愈，晚期治疗<span style="color: black;">发展</span>大</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于肝癌的分期，尹涛分享了一个新观点：<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国际指南<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌的定义是：单一病灶，不论其<span style="color: black;">体积</span>，只要<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>转移，且<span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术有望治愈的，都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被视为<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尹涛分享说，上周他刚完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>一台手术，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病灶达到了25厘米，虽然体积大，但它是一个孤立的病灶且包膜完整，<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>转移，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>仍然<span style="color: black;">能够</span>认为它是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌。尽管这个肿瘤<span style="color: black;">已然</span>压迫到了胃，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>难以<span style="color: black;">摄食</span>，但手术非常成功，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>恢复得<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很好，预计后期治疗效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会很好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尹涛进一步指出，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的医疗技术比起20<span style="color: black;">数年</span>前<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有了很大的进步。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，在晚期肝癌的临床治疗上，团队<span style="color: black;">亦</span>取得了<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的<span style="color: black;">发展</span>。在过去，晚期肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期<span style="color: black;">常常</span>很短，但<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>新的治疗手段，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期<span style="color: black;">已然</span>大大<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>解释说，“几年前，晚期肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的平均<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>1年，但随着新药的<span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>到了2~3年，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到临床治愈。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尹涛还分享了一个自己3年前接诊的病例。“那是一位晚期肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，但<span style="color: black;">经过</span>转化治疗，我们成功地<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>住了肿瘤，并<span style="color: black;">最后</span>为他进行了手术切除。这位<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>实现了<span style="color: black;">没</span>瘤<span style="color: black;">存活</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>早中期肝癌的局部治疗，尹涛<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，手术是<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>微波消融（烧死癌细胞）和纳米刀（肿瘤消融技术）等技术。“肝癌的外科技术<span style="color: black;">已然</span>达到了极致，<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是开放手术切除，还是腔镜下的切除，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>是<span style="color: black;">设备</span>人辅助的切除，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>基本上都做到了极致。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直播最后，尹涛<span style="color: black;">专家</span>强调了肝癌防治的核心原则：“肝癌防治，最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是那八个字：早诊早治，可防可治！”他呼吁广大网友<span style="color: black;">加强</span>对肝癌的认识，<span style="color: black;">注意</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查和诊断，以便<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>并治疗肝癌，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈率和<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q6.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240425/c0a8274be0f34aadab3dfc876215efe2.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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