螺栓拧紧曲线全解析：用对齐拧紧曲线区分和利用软连接及其实例
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拧紧螺栓时产生的拧紧曲线，是分析和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>拧紧质量的关键工具。之前，螺丝君介绍了： 预拧紧曲线判断四种紧固质量（点击查看），今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>继续探讨螺栓拧紧过程中的对齐拧紧曲线，并分享用对齐拧紧曲线区分和利用软连接与硬连接的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-axegupay5k/94e538cbdf9845df8345408ec60dee46~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=85PG66hWA%2Bg%2F8lLTocXTNIhesMs%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">01 对齐拧紧曲线和连接类型</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在螺栓拧紧过程中，对齐曲线<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了<span style="color: black;">方向</span>与扭矩的关系，并对<span style="color: black;">评定</span>螺栓的稳定性至关重要。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺栓连接的稳定性<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>两种基本类型来判断：软连接和硬连接。软连接指的是螺栓连接在拧紧过程中存在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的弹性变形，这种变形可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>连接件在受到<span style="color: black;">外边</span>载荷<span style="color: black;">功效</span>时产生<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的位移或变形。而硬连接则<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>螺栓连接在拧紧后几乎<span style="color: black;">无</span>弹性变形，从而能够<span style="color: black;">供给</span>更加稳定和<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的连接。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">值得强调的是，软连接并非总是<span style="color: black;">消极</span>的。事实上，在某些工程应用中，软连接是必要的。例如，在<span style="color: black;">必须</span>吸收振动或适应热膨胀和收缩的场合，软连接的弹性特性<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>额外的安全性和适应性。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">本来</span>硬连接<span style="color: black;">因为</span>材料疲劳、腐蚀等<span style="color: black;">损害</span>而<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>变成软连接的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，这<span style="color: black;">必须</span>重点关注对齐拧紧曲线的变化趋势。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">02 对齐曲线判断连接类型的理论依据</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在对齐拧紧<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，螺栓和被夹紧件<span style="color: black;">起始</span>相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>夹紧载荷以非线性速率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。这种非线性速率是<span style="color: black;">运用</span>对齐拧紧曲线进行硬连接和软连接判断的理论依据。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>的速率判断，<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的标准<span style="color: black;">详细</span>定义各不相同：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">ISO 5393</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">硬连接是从贴合扭矩（<span style="color: black;">最后</span>扭矩的10%）旋转30°以内达到<span style="color: black;">目的</span>扭矩的连接，而软连接是从贴合扭矩旋转360°以上达到<span style="color: black;">目的</span>扭矩的连接。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/ddae3db16ccf414f845756fdf5804098~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=KsNDk2YMl%2BN0IlLUNU9vRj2t3uw%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">VDI/VDE 2647</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">硬连接是从<span style="color: black;">目的</span>扭矩的50%到100%，转角变化<span style="color: black;">少于</span>30°的连接；软连接是从<span style="color: black;">目的</span>扭矩的50%到100%，转角变化大于360°的连接。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/38a390f364974866af995b305ddcf1fd~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=Kp9YqlBkS3VKEsPamro87NA7yAU%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺丝君提醒：</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">实质</span>应用时还<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>螺栓材料、表面处理、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>环境等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，这些都可能影响<span style="color: black;">最后</span>的扭矩和转角关系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">03 对齐拧紧曲线分析</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非线性速率变化是对齐拧紧曲线的<span style="color: black;">明显</span>特征。这种非线性<span style="color: black;">显示</span>，对齐拧紧曲线不适合<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">方向</span>阈值或<span style="color: black;">最后</span>安装扭矩等参考点的依据，这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在对齐<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，这些参数的波动<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">没法</span>准确反映螺栓的真实夹紧力。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p26-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/9fff7d567b4f4566a0fc13e4cb1a14af~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=4KAmCwcQVAdQUQa1R74Wrdxjdw8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/aba7f8e41acd441ebefa4f33393500ce~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=sejd6z758oxP3qIyqUu3O9PedO8%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，对齐拧紧曲线与连接件的刚度密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。硬接头的高刚度<span style="color: black;">引起</span>较小变形，使得对齐区域和曲线非线性不太明显。而软接头的对齐区域<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，非线性更<span style="color: black;">明显</span>，反映出<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>弹性变形。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在对齐拧紧<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，螺纹拉紧和<span style="color: black;">协同</span>件弯曲等宏观效应，以及镀层接触应力偏转等微观效应，都影响夹紧力的传递。这些<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>，决定了螺栓连接的稳定性和性能。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">04 <span style="color: black;">实质</span>案例分析：汽车轮毂螺栓拧紧</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在一次汽车轮毂的装配过程中，工程师<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>传统的扭矩控制<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">没法</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>螺栓连接的<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>性。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>轮毂和螺栓材料的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>，以及装配线上的温度和湿度变化，螺栓的预紧力波动<span style="color: black;">很强</span>，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>轮毂在高速行驶时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>松动。</span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/tos-cn-i-6w9my0ksvp/b2004ad136c94671b7e8cee3d5da9995~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723349738&x-signature=eMrJjzrrG%2BQlDdQYLFqO1SOmYXc%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">工程师分析对齐拧紧曲线后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，在拧紧过程中，螺栓的扭矩-<span style="color: black;">方向</span>曲线呈现出<span style="color: black;">显著</span>的非线性变化，这<span style="color: black;">显示</span>存在软连接的特征。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>进一步分析，确定了影响预紧力稳定性的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>。<span style="color: black;">调节</span>拧紧策略，采用逐步<span style="color: black;">增多</span>扭矩的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，并实时监控扭矩-<span style="color: black;">方向</span>曲线，<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>螺栓都达到了相同的预紧力水平。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">05 对齐拧紧的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>策略</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有效的拧紧策略<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>螺栓连接的质量和<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>稳定性至关重要。在对齐区域，这一策略<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>细致的规划和执行。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">拧紧速度的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在对齐区域，过快的拧紧速度可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>不均匀的应力分布，从而影响连接的稳定性。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，初始拧紧速度应在预拧紧<span style="color: black;">周期</span>后<span style="color: black;">按照</span>拧紧曲线的反馈进行优化<span style="color: black;">调节</span>，以<span style="color: black;">保证</span>螺栓和螺母<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>接触被夹紧部件。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">扭矩的精确施加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在对齐<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，<span style="color: black;">必要</span>精确施加扭矩，以实现螺栓和被夹紧部件之间的均匀接触。这有助于避免因扭矩过大而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的永久变形或损坏，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>夹紧力达到所需的水平。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实时监测与<span style="color: black;">调节</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在对齐区域，应实时监测拧紧过程，以便在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>任何<span style="color: black;">反常</span>时<span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。这<span style="color: black;">包含</span>对扭矩、<span style="color: black;">方向</span>和夹紧力的实时反馈和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">适应性拧紧策略</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>连接的硬度和材料特性，制定适应性拧紧策略。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>硬连接，可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>更小的扭矩增量；而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>软连接，则可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>更大的扭矩来实现相同的夹紧效果。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">螺丝君经验与总结</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺丝君团队在螺栓连接方面<span style="color: black;">累积</span>了丰富的经验。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>分析对齐拧紧曲线，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不仅能够理解螺栓连接在形成<span style="color: black;">最后</span>夹紧力之前的<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>力学<span style="color: black;">行径</span>，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>能够制定出更加精确和<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的拧紧策略。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，9月4-5-6日，螺丝君在花桥国际博览中心举办的“GAF2024<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>紧固-连接-装配技术大会暨展览会”上，首次推出 "拧紧标准<span style="color: black;">实验</span>室（样板）展区" ，<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了一个全面学习拧紧曲线的平台。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>关注该展区，现场<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更深入地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>螺栓拧紧的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>知识，<span style="color: black;">提高</span>螺栓连接管理的科学性和有效性。这个展区，后续<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将落地在螺丝君（创新）技术中心内，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span>技术<span style="color: black;">开发</span>和培训。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今天的<span style="color: black;">专题</span>，就分享到<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>，<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>之处，欢迎批评指正；若您有任何疑问或<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，或<span style="color: black;">必须</span>进群交流的小伙伴，可关注螺丝君<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公众号：GAF螺丝君（GAF-luosijun）</span></p>
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