4lqedz 发表于 2024-8-4 14:59:10

数据库多表查询的各样连接,你能搞定吗?

<span style="color: black;">VOL 268</span>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文5580字,阅读约需14分钟</p><span style="color: black;">Hi,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>好。<span style="color: black;">计算机<span style="color: black;">行业</span>有许多伟大的设计理念和思想,例如:</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在 Unix 中,一切皆文件。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在面向对象的编程语言中,一切皆对象。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关系数据库<span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有自己的设计思想:<strong style="color: blue;">在 SQL 中,一切皆关系</strong>。</span></p><span style="color: black;">多表<span style="color: black;">查找</span>经常用到</span><span style="color: black;">连接</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">,</span><span style="color: black;">关系型数据库连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>中有常用到内连接、左连接、右连接、交叉连接几种<span style="color: black;">查找</span>方式,今天就给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍<span style="color: black;">各样</span>连接</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fjPS6BkH3NpIZ27EGarAwsibaYQ3Tl8mvpGLgMsnoUQeW9RG1Zkup8dw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>准备数据表,如需领取</span><strong style="color: blue;">Navicat Premium</strong><span style="color: black;">或本文所需</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">建表语句</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,可在ITester软件测试小栈后台回复“</span></span><span style="color: black;">数据库礼包</span><span style="color: black;">”。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.学生表</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Student(s_id,s_name,s_birth,s_sex) –学生编号、学生姓名、出生年月、学生性别。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fRZt9Jc5j0E2vt6hRHB8H4Ld8iakKUlDlSoOl8LUs2hAUDzb9jb4HTGg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2.课程表</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Course(c_id,c_name,t_id) – –课程编号、&nbsp;课程名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、&nbsp;教师编号。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fbISsyWkOJ63AAEKRKM9Fk9rbF7MfQyYibGEjPpHe1QcqyAoHaCknbWA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.教师表</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Teacher(t_id,t_name) –教师编号、教师姓名。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18f8KDlbZtQ7j8Cxed6LsuCWyl1BNeLqXGbzarEqT1kx6RcSkwlVzDjpA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">4.成绩表</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Score(s_id,c_id,s_score) –学生编号、课程编号、分数。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fdAPC8SvldVegZfxHFOkfTKIVvKnKF2vJXosqiciaItlJ1HJSYtibQ5JuA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">‍</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">一</span></strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>返回的结果<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">内连接</span></strong></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(inner join)</span></strong>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">定义:只返回两张表中所有满足连接<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的行,即<span style="color: black;">运用</span><strong style="color: blue;">比较运算符</strong><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>表中共有的列的值匹配两个表中的行。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">应用场景:</span><span style="color: black;">满足某一<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的A,B内部的数据。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hVIWFC35txAZau0bu3ZdO6MNn2VY9vog4CqdicDEM3ZYvFAW24HxgS9kFNWZicm6LiaNQ6fv7PoE7EQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fNsLt2XobGwYGmoI9ugDOE4ocDXz2PRcibjFr7075A83w2omIL2R2utg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">执行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18f89Fr3o7S1Q5eXwUhZXrPm7tHo6qHBMseAqYSD3XfVGicuGBO5gWl7xA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:</span><span style="color: black;">inner join 是比较运算符,只返回符合<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的行。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此时相当于:select * from Student,Course where Student.s_id=Course.c_id;</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">外连接(</span><span style="color: black;">outer join</span><span style="color: black;">)</span></strong></span>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">(1)&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong>左连接 (left join/left outer join )</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">定义</span>:左连接返回<span style="color: black;">左表中的所有记录和右表中连接字段相等的记录</span>。(左表<span style="color: black;">便是</span>写在left join关键字左边的表)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">应用场景:</span><span style="color: black;">A的所有数据,和满足某一<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的B的数据</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hVIWFC35txAZau0bu3ZdO6G2uicqHG7iax1ic8Zho9sUDZfgzueo5pCpictPkb6cSIibyXh8n4OWiczR8A/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fZ4T2NChPzxnHGNbVBjicwtADOVsMMlYyymfuqteLp5tDYsALIO6Bndw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fpKgwCK34JOUx6K8QnAXfJjC9SqicZ7kcOicYGnrVIeTD681f7vkuOuwQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:<span style="color: black;">左外连接<span style="color: black;">包括</span>left join左表所有行,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>左表中某行在右表<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,则结果中对应行右表的部分<span style="color: black;">所有</span>为空(NULL).</span><span style="color: black;">注:此时<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>说结果的行数等于左表数据的行数。当然此处<span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果的行数等于左表数据的行数,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">上下</span>两表此时为一对一关系。</span></span></p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">(2)&nbsp; 右</strong>连接&nbsp;&nbsp;(right join/right outer join)</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">定义:<span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">包含</span>右表中的所有记录和左表中连接字段相等的记录。</span></span>(右表<span style="color: black;">便是</span>写在right join关键字右边的表)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">应用场景:<span style="color: black;">B的所有数据,和满足某一<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的A的数据</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hVIWFC35txAZau0bu3ZdO63CJ0VCS00LfWcCPBXoGcibIORBDLNzwwF3UcK1OXtk90AVFUFr7DHnQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fUGiacTV9V2elt8AJH69iaAQdgCYZZ4I1Cgr25t0ZktwDiak30tLpTYktw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18f7ibskkOzQiagygfLPQ4gocyVwNSkX5TxXYc6r21Wufczheh79bo3YibkA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:<span style="color: black;">右外连接<span style="color: black;">包括</span>right join右表所有行,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>左表中某行在右表<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,则结果中对应左表的部分<span style="color: black;">所有</span>为空(NULL)。</span><span style="color: black;">注:<span style="color: black;">一样</span>此时<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>说结果的行数等于右表的行数。当然此处<span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果的行数等于左表数据的行数,<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">上下</span>两表此时为一对一关系。</span></span></p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">(3)&nbsp; </strong></span>全外连接(full join/full outer join)&nbsp;</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">定义:<span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">上下</span>表中所有的记录和<span style="color: black;">上下</span>表中连接字段相等的记录。</span></span></p>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">应用场景:满足某一<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的公共记录,和独有的记录。</span></h3>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hmAoPiaZFH8AV2FE5qRzPPwPTFymsz9oicxku0hgEEDpCiaIBh40tzo47QdaibLINMLbygOC2c2reOfg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fuv7zibTYBlnibvRicoxasU9nQ9SRLjWAsatmvUnOkLvME9WG5TvbUmz1g/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:<span style="color: black;">完全外连接<span style="color: black;">包括</span>full join<span style="color: black;">上下</span>两表中所有的行,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>右表中某行在左表中<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,则结果中对应行右表的部分<span style="color: black;">所有</span>为空(NULL),<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>左表中某行在右表中<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,则结果中对应行左表的部分<span style="color: black;">所有</span>为空(NULL)。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">注:<span style="color: black;">全外连接是在等值连接的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上将左表和右表的未匹配数据都加上。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>MySQL<span style="color: black;">日前</span>不支持此种方式,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>去掉on<span style="color: black;">要求</span>语句的话,是有<span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果的。</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fS7iarDrK8E6vgVnp3LIjzdHje9ic5psgz3zNP1SxhQ8ZlaAqWmBWpF7g/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3</p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">交叉连接(cross join)/笛卡尔积</span></strong><span style="color: black;">定义:<span style="color: black;">交叉连接/<span style="color: black;">笛卡尔积</span>返回左表中的所有行,左表中的每一行与右表中的所有行组合。</span></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">举例:有两个集合A和B,A = {0,1} B = {2,3,4}</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">集合 A×B 和 B×A的结果集就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分别<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>为以下这种形式:</p>A×B&nbsp;=&nbsp;{(<span style="color: black;">0</span>,<span style="color: black;">2</span>),(<span style="color: black;">1</span>,<span style="color: black;">2</span>),(<span style="color: black;">0</span>,<span style="color: black;">3</span>),(<span style="color: black;">1</span>,<span style="color: black;">3</span>),(<span style="color: black;">0</span>,<span style="color: black;">4</span>),(<span style="color: black;">1</span>,<span style="color: black;">4</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">)};</p>B×A&nbsp;=&nbsp;{(<span style="color: black;">2</span>,<span style="color: black;">0</span>),(<span style="color: black;">2</span>,<span style="color: black;">1</span>),(<span style="color: black;">3</span>,<span style="color: black;">0</span>),(<span style="color: black;">3</span>,<span style="color: black;">1</span>),(<span style="color: black;">4</span>,<span style="color: black;">0</span>),(<span style="color: black;">4</span>,<span style="color: black;">1</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">)};</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上A×B和B×A的结果就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>叫做两个集合相乘的‘笛卡尔积’。</p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从以上的数据分析<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>得出以下两点结论:</p>两个集合相乘,不满足交换率,既 A×B ≠ B×A;A集合和B集合相乘,<span style="color: black;">包括</span>了集合A中元素和集合B中元素相结合的所有的可能性,即两个集合相乘得到的新集合的元素个数是 A集合的元素个数 × B集合的元素个数。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">交叉连接:</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">SELECT&nbsp;*&nbsp;from&nbsp;表1&nbsp;cross&nbsp;JOIN&nbsp;表2;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">交叉连接<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是将两个表进行笛卡尔积运算,结果表<span style="color: black;">是由于</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>个表的每一行与第二个表的每一行拼接后形成的表,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为‘笛卡尔积表’,结果表的行数等于两个表的行数之积。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18f3nac2zSu2QicG5wVicIkpbgpamNEqV3MIn0SnOUBSs31hriaVwuyP9e2A/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fIDk27N5rHUqJyqUyMhfvTrgAY6Dj3UBwibEGhHPyhmdiaKTEmDb0iaxSg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说明:<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span> WHERE 子句的交叉联接将产生连接所<span style="color: black;">触及</span>的表的笛卡尔积。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个表的行数乘以第二个表的行数等于笛卡尔积结果集的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">这里</span>时给这条SQL加上WHERE子句的时候<span style="color: black;">例如</span>SQL:select * from Student cross join course where Student.s_id=Course.c_id;此时将返回符合<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的结果集,结果和inner join所示执行结果<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</span></span></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">4</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自连接</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">在一个连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>中,<span style="color: black;">触及</span>到的两个表都是同一个表,这种<span style="color: black;">查找</span>就<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为自连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>。同一张表在FROM字句中多次<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,为了区别该表的每一次<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>为表定义一个别名。自连接是一种特殊的内连接,它<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>相互连接的表在<span style="color: black;">理学</span>上为同一张表,但<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">规律</span>上分为两张表。</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">示例:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18f99kkTSlSOOtmO3sV2fcAT1rsIGRCOhYYhukEpzJj9FcWdJ0G2VhflA/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fPMYqGZK6kqK7A1WyZtLRSs2q41cjwhStlCFFzBicQtAoYr3XCzcEJ7w/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">二</strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">按连接<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">等值连接(join)</strong></span><span style="color: black;">定义:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>”=”关系将表连接起来的<span style="color: black;">查找</span>,其<span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果中列出被连接表中的所有列,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>其中的重复列。</span><span style="color: black;">示例:</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18fFBbnNquZlCbHI2SEibe6pj70Yo697dhDVSiaTjXAdYl519vMibJniaIHFw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/9RdLdzUL98hibFK2JiaWyus8jylEJUF18faHsftAkzVcFWJwwtM3eicoPN9UddBvkmaMEps0avm9G0ia2e5yIFMrcg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">非等值连接</strong></span>
    <h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不消</span>=连接,运算符<span style="color: black;">包含</span>&gt;、&gt;=、&lt;=、&lt;、!&gt;、!&lt;和&lt;&gt;。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>外键<span style="color: black;">创立</span>索引<span style="color: black;">运用</span>等值连接,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>索引则<span style="color: black;">必须</span>遍历<span style="color: black;">全部</span>表,非常耗费时间,<span style="color: black;">创立</span>了索引就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>特定的值找到特定的记录。</span></h3><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">自然连接(natural&nbsp; join)</strong></span><span style="color: black;">自然连接运算<span style="color: black;">需求</span>两个表有<span style="color: black;">一起</span>属性(列),自然连接运算的结果表是在参与操作的两个表的<span style="color: black;">一起</span>属性上进行等值连接后,再去除重复的属性后所得的新表。</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">
            <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三</p>
      </strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">数据库连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>题</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">数据表如下:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">学生表Student--stu,学生编号s_id,学生姓名s_name,出生日期s_age,性别s_sex;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">成绩表Score--sc,学生编号s_id,课程编号c_id,成绩s_score;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">课程表Course--co,课程编号c_id,课程名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>c_name,教师编号t_id;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">教师表Teacher--th,教师编号t_id、教师姓名t_name;</p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">1.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>所有<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>的学生编号、学生姓名、选课总数、所有课程的总成绩;</span></h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select Student.s_id,s_name,count(c_id) 选课数量,ifnull(sum(s_score),0) 总成绩</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from Student left join Score on Student.s_id=Score.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">group by Student.s_id;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>课程编号为01且课程成绩在80分以上的学生的学号和姓名;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select Student.s_id,s_name ,Score.s_score</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from Student join Score on Student.s_id=Score.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where c_id="01" and s_score&gt;=80;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">3.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>两门及其以上不及格课程的<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>的学号,姓名及其平均成绩;</span></h2>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select Student.s_id,s_name,avg(s_score) 平均成绩</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from Student join Score on Student.s_id=Student.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">group by Student.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">having sum(s_score&lt;60)&gt;1;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.<span style="color: black;">查找</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>参与任意课程的学生信息;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select * </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Student stu</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">left join Score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> sc.s_id is null;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运行结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>Jessie老师的授课信息;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> * </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Teacher th</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on th.t_id = co.t_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> th.t_name = Jessie老师;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>Jessie老师每个授课课程的学员人数;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_id,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> th.t_name,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> count( * ) </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Teacher th</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on th.t_id = co.t_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">inner join Score sc on sc.c_id = co.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> th.t_name = Jessie老师 </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">group by</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_id,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7.<span style="color: black;">无</span>报名Jessie老师课程的学生信息;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> * </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Teacher th</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on th.t_id = co.t_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">and th.t_name= Jessie老师</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Score sc on co.c_id= sc.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> right join Student stu on stu.s_id= sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> sc.s_id is null;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">8.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>报名Jessie老师课程的学生信息;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">*</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Student stu</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on sc.c_id = co.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Teacher th on co.t_id = th.t_id </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">th.t_name= Jessie老师;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">9.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>CoCo的数学成绩;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> * </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Student stu</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on co.c_id = sc.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">stu.s_name = CoCo</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> and co.c_name= 数学;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>出语文最高分;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> max(sc.s_score),</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Student stu</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">inner join Course co on sc.c_id= co.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name = 语文;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11.<span style="color: black;">查找</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>参与语文考试的学生信息;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> * </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Course co</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Score sc on co.c_id = sc.c_id </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> and co.c_name = 语文</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">right join Student stu on stu.s_id= sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">where</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> sc.s_id is null;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">12.<span style="color: black;">查找</span>语数外三门成绩的平均分;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">select</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_id,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> avg(sc.s_score) </p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">from</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Student stu</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">inner join Score sc on stu.s_id = sc.s_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> inner join Course co on sc.c_id = co.c_id</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">group by</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_id,</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> co.c_name;</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">查找</span>结果:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">四</strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>问题</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">1</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">你在测试工作中,常用到<span style="color: black;">那些</span>连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>?</strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1)</span>inner join(内连接):<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>表中有<span style="color: black;">最少</span>一个匹配,则返回行(<span style="color: black;">在语法中<span style="color: black;">能够</span>省略inner关键字</span>);</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2)</span>left join(左连接):从左表返回所有的行,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>右表中<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,对应的列返回Null;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3)</span>right join(右连接):从右表返回所有的行 ,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>左表中<span style="color: black;">无</span>匹配,对应的列返回Null;</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4)</span>full join(全连接):只要其中一个表中存在匹配,则返回行(即结合左连接和右连接的结果);</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">2</strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">等值连接和自然连接的区别?</strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1)等值连接中不<span style="color: black;">需求</span>相等属性值的属性名相同,而自然连接<span style="color: black;">需求</span>相等属性值的属性名<span style="color: black;">必要</span>相同,即两关系<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在同名属性<span style="color: black;">才可</span>进行自然连接。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2)等值连接不将重复属性去掉,而自然连接去掉重复属性,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说,自然连接是去掉重复列的等值连接。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">3</strong><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">触及</span>多表连接<span style="color: black;">查找</span>,你的思路是?</strong></span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1)</span>
      </span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分析<span style="color: black;">查找</span>列<span style="color: black;">源自</span>的表,<span style="color: black;">形成</span>from子句;</p><span style="color: black;">2)</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分析表的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>关系,如两个表之间无直接<span style="color: black;">相关</span>关系,而是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>另一个中间表<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,则<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要在from子句中<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>中间<span style="color: black;">相关</span>表;</p><span style="color: black;">3)</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在where子句中<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>表之间的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>关系,N个表<span style="color: black;">通常</span>要N-1个<span style="color: black;">相关</span>关系;</p><span style="color: black;">4)</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">分析<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>其他限制<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>到where子句的表<span style="color: black;">相关</span>关系之后,<span style="color: black;">做为</span>限制<span style="color: black;">要求</span>;</p><span style="color: black;">5)</span>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>select子句;</p><span style="color: black;">6)</span>分析<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>排序,如要且<span style="color: black;">触及</span>其他表就要再次执行2)、3)、4)步;
    <span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">That‘s all</span><span style="color: black;">
      <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>系列<span style="color: black;">文案</span></p>
    </span><span style="color: black;">敬请期待</span><span style="color: black;">ITester软件测试小栈(ID:ITestingA),专注于软件测试技术和宝藏干货分享,每周准时更新原创技术<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,每月不<span style="color: black;">定时</span>赠送技术书籍,<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">愿<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在更高处相逢。<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>记得</span>星标⭐我,每周<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>最新推送,<span style="color: black;">第三方转载请注明出处</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span><span style="color: black;">ITester软件测试小栈</span><span style="color: black;">往期内容宠幸</span><a style="color: black;">1.</a><a style="color: black;">Python接口自动化-接口<span style="color: black;">基本</span>(一)</a>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">6.</a><a style="color: black;">Python接口自动化之Token详解及应用</a></p>
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    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">10.</a><a style="color: black;">Python接口自动化之logging封装及实战</a></p>
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akbchina.cn 发表于 2024-8-28 06:18:39

我完全同意你的观点,说得太对了。

nqkk58 发表于 2024-10-29 19:49:51

我完全同意你的看法,期待我们能深入探讨这个问题。

4lqedz 发表于 2024-11-11 21:48:04

你的见解独到,让我受益匪浅,非常感谢。
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查看完整版本: 数据库多表查询的各样连接,你能搞定吗?