癌症初期有先兆？身体这16个表现要尤为注意！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人总说自己在不知不觉中就患癌了，到了医院一查<span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症晚期，痛不欲生。其实，癌症并不是一蹴而就的。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展过程<span style="color: black;">包含</span>癌前病变、原位癌和浸润癌，从正常细胞发展到癌细胞需十几年的时间，只是你没能及早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，把癌症扼杀在摇篮里。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>都<span style="color: black;">说到</span>过，一大部分的癌症，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>都会有征兆，但<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">忽略</span>或者并未联想到癌症，<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>了身体给你发出的警告。对付癌症最好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>在癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>就<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>它，越早进行治疗和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>，疗效越好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>：这16个身体表现请牢记在心！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">患上癌症后，身体会有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>表现？2021年8月厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师潘战和在其<span style="color: black;">微X</span>公号上<span style="color: black;">发帖</span>提醒，提醒，身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这15个表现要<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>了，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>牢记在心！①</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">连续</span>加重的头痛——需科学鉴别<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>头痛与普通头痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的头痛容易被人们<span style="color: black;">忽略</span>，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>仔细分辨并积极采取应对<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，否则<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会耽误病情，贻误最佳治疗<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。当你感觉到头痛时，并不<span style="color: black;">表率</span>你的大脑本身受伤了，可能<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>对<span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的组织，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>环绕或贯穿脑部的肌肉、脑膜、静脉和动脉<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比普通头痛，<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>头痛有这些特点：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>头痛呈进行性加重</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>初起时，脑组织受压较轻，头痛为间歇性，表现为或长或短的缓解期，<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>程度较轻，多为钝痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>头痛常有<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如头痛<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>其他<span style="color: black;">有些</span>症状，如视力下降、记忆力<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、癫痫、精神<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、偏瘫等则高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>颅内有肿瘤或其他占位性病变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>头痛的其他特点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>的头痛在可能在清晨<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，有咳嗽、喷嚏、低头等动作时，常使头痛加重，坐位或站立位则减轻，头痛的部位多为全头弥漫性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块、结节——三招<span style="color: black;">能够</span>初判断</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体某部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个可能会想到的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤。但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不必恐慌，肿块结节不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>癌症，它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>是非肿瘤性的（<span style="color: black;">例如</span>炎性包块），<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是良性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿块结节，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>对它做一个初步的判断：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一看<span style="color: black;">体积</span>。越小的结节概率上越倾向良性，当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并非绝对，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>随访复查；<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>结节超过1cm则更要<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。除了<span style="color: black;">体积</span>本身，<span style="color: black;">体积</span>的变化趋势和速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>参考价值，<span style="color: black;">连续</span>增大<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是增大<span style="color: black;">快速</span>的结节倾向恶性可能，要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">注意</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二看质地。质软或囊性肿块，倾向于良性，质硬、固定或实性肿块，倾向恶性可能，但淋巴瘤的肿大淋巴结摸起来质韧。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三看边界和活动度。良性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>边界清，活动度较好；恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">都数</span>边界不清，与<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织<span style="color: black;">常常</span>粘连或融合，活动度较差。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 身体<span style="color: black;">连续</span>非外伤<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>——切忌<span style="color: black;">乱用</span>止痛药</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span>人都经历过<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>的<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个反应<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是用止痛药，这其实会掩盖病情，应该先想一想可能是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>身体某个部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的、<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的<span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，应去医院查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>长治不愈的咳嗽——<span style="color: black;">重要</span>要查咳嗽因</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对咳嗽见怪不怪，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会太<span style="color: black;">注意</span>。有的人遇到咳嗽就止咳，其实更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是要弄清楚咳嗽的病因。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>久治不愈的咳嗽或痰中带血，尤其是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟者，应警惕肺癌等的可能。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>总发烧——可能是癌症元凶</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">显现</span>发烧，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>的是什么<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>的发烧，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>发烧<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明，且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症可能，尽早进行<span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 莫名<span style="color: black;">显现</span>消瘦和疲乏——<span style="color: black;">原由</span>或许在癌症</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>主动进行<span style="color: black;">减肥</span>煅炼，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>刻意节食，体重却不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>下降或进行性消瘦，或伴厌食、乏力、易疲劳等，要查明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>，消瘦和疲乏<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是癌症的表现之一。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 明明<span style="color: black;">无</span>外伤却<span style="color: black;">流血</span>——<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>癌症找上门</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">非外伤性<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，便血或呕血，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除肠癌、胃癌可能；咳血、痰中带血要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>肺癌；不规律阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或非<span style="color: black;">大姨妈</span>期<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，可能与子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌等妇科肿瘤<span style="color: black;">相关</span>；<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性血尿或伴排尿困难，小心泌尿系肿瘤；非外伤鼻<span style="color: black;">流血</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除鼻咽癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. <span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>的消化<span style="color: black;">反常</span>——莫要大意当胃病</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化不良、食欲不振<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人只是短暂一过性的，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>消化不良<span style="color: black;">连续</span>存在，或伴反酸烧心，上腹闷痛不适，不<span style="color: black;">想要</span>当然认为是<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的“胃病”，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>胃癌或食管癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. 吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>梗阻感——尽早<span style="color: black;">看病</span>找<span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>时有胸骨后闷胀感或胸骨后面的烧灼感，胸骨后<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，<span style="color: black;">或</span>感觉食管内异物感，尤其是进行性加重的吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span>梗阻感，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>食管癌、喉癌等的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. 声音嘶哑<span style="color: black;">连续</span>难恢复——喉返神经受侵压</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短暂的声嘶可能<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都曾有过，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>声嘶难于恢复<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间较久，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>喉癌、肺癌等侵犯或压迫喉返神经的可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. 大便习惯、性状状变——小心肠癌已上身</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大便习惯、次数或性状<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变（大便外形变细、大便带脓、血、粘液等）或便秘与腹泻交替，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>大肠癌，尽早到医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>白斑或是癌前病——增大灼痒疑癌变</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">口腔粘膜白斑、女性外阴或男性阴茎龟头白斑<span style="color: black;">快速</span>扩大伴灼痒感，应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排除癌变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13. 黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大色改变——可能是黑色素瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑痣<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都有，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>黑痣<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>增大、或边缘变得不规则、或颜色<span style="color: black;">出现</span>改变、或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>破溃<span style="color: black;">流血</span>、或灼痒<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、痣上原有的毛发脱落，要<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>黑色素瘤可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14. <span style="color: black;">显现</span>自发病理性骨折——恶性肿瘤破坏骨</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>外力或仅有轻微外力<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，很容易就<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的骨折，可能是病理性骨折，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>骨恶性肿瘤。青少年<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>非外伤性关节处<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>肿胀，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>排查白血病。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15. 溃疡伤口<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>不自愈——或是癌症捣的乱</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>皮肤伤口或溃疡<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>皮肤癌可能。口腔溃疡很<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">连续</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>愈合，应<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>口腔癌可能。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16. 男性乳房的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化——莫要羞涩早<span style="color: black;">看病</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管男性乳腺癌极少见，但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>男性乳房<span style="color: black;">反常</span>增生<span style="color: black;">成长</span>或<span style="color: black;">显现</span>其他<span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>男性乳腺癌可能，尽早到乳腺专科就诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些是查癌的“金标准”！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">普通的健康体检是比较难<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肿瘤的。人体肿瘤从一个正常的组织细胞演变成一个直径0.5~1厘米<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的实体瘤，可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">数年</span>时间。在这个过程中，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能被防癌<span style="color: black;">检测</span>准确<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>早点治疗，是非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>原位癌<span style="color: black;">即时</span>手术切除后，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>基本和健康的正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>生活、寿命<span style="color: black;">没</span>异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的癌症筛查，选对<span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目太<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>了，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人没能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>查出来，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>选错了！记住，这些才是查癌的“金标准”！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>——脑CT或MR磁共振</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">诊断脑肿瘤的有效手段<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还是依靠影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">便是</span>头部CT和MRI。两者在脑肿瘤的诊断中各有优缺点，MRI<span style="color: black;">表示</span>脑组织和肿瘤的结构<span style="color: black;">通常</span>比CT要清晰，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>CT<span style="color: black;">针对</span>肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">流血</span>以及钙化等<span style="color: black;">表示</span>要比MRI清晰。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>确实<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>脑部有<span style="color: black;">反常</span>信号，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>再进一步做<span style="color: black;">加强</span>扫描以及MRI的其他序列扫描来进一步确认。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020版《居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>恶性肿瘤筛查和预防<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>》<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，<span style="color: black;">注意</span>脑部肿瘤的十大<span style="color: black;">初期</span>信号,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>到神经科或<span style="color: black;">关联</span>科室(眼科、耳鼻咽喉科、神经外科等)进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。③</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/v2-c9fb26c42764efa9dfdf2299c360a860_b.jpg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
</div>脑部MRI<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 肺癌——低剂量螺旋CT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人<span style="color: black;">经过</span>X光片来筛查肺癌。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>胸部X光片分辨率低，检出率比较低，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能用胸部X光片<span style="color: black;">检测</span>诊断是肺癌，临床常常就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到晚期了，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">道理</span>不大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用CT检测肺癌，其分辨率高，肺癌肿瘤在1厘米，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>0.8厘米时<span style="color: black;">就可</span>被查出，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>50岁以后的中老年人或有肺癌家族史的人，体检中把X光片换成低剂量CT。②</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020版《居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>恶性肿瘤筛查和预防<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>》<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>，肺癌高危人群，要进行低剂量螺旋 CT筛查。③</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 胃癌——胃镜+活检</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人不到万不得已，绝对不做胃镜，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>当<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>让做的时候，还会尽可能的拒绝。一想到要将一根管子从嘴巴伸进胃里，就觉得难受、恐惧。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-0027127e851ac18f61ccc5bd3b57a468_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，2018年中国抗癌协会临床肿瘤协作中心的统计数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，胃癌在我国的患病率和死亡率均是世界平均水平的2倍多。而<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>国外，我国筛查胃癌的“金标准”——胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的普及程度非常低，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>90%以上的胃癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>即晚期，五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率不足20%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">山东大学齐鲁医院消化科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>左秀丽2019年3月在健康时报刊文中指出，晚期胃癌的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率不及20%，而90%的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>胃癌是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈的。令人痛心的是，我国90%的胃癌<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>时<span style="color: black;">已经是</span>中晚期。而胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是胃部<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>诊断的一线<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>胃镜+活检筛查，胃癌其实是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防的。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>病情和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，千万不要等到病情恶化时才<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>做胃镜。④</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 肝癌——甲胎蛋白+肝脏<span style="color: black;">彩超</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">查肝癌<span style="color: black;">必须</span>做“甲胎蛋白+<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>”联合<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，单独用甲胎蛋白普查，会有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>漏诊，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>80%<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>甲胎蛋白会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说单纯的检测血清甲胎蛋白值正常，仍<span style="color: black;">不可</span>完全排除患肝癌的可能性。<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">数年</span>的临床实验证明，<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>联合血清甲胎蛋白检测肝癌准确率达到90%以上，是临床诊断<span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌首选的<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。⑤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年版《居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>恶性肿瘤筛查和预防<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>》<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>，肝癌筛查联合应用血清甲胎蛋白 (AFP) 和肝脏 B 超<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，高危人群每 6 个月筛查 1 次。③</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 肠癌——肠镜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2020年版《居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>恶性肿瘤筛查和预防<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>》强调，大肠癌筛查从 45 岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，<span style="color: black;">没</span>论男女，每年 1 次大便隐血(FOBT)检测 ,每 10 年 1 次肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，直到 75 岁。③</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>肠癌<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的有效手段，<span style="color: black;">公众</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>肠镜的接受程度<span style="color: black;">一样</span>不高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 乳腺癌——钼靶<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海市医学会放射学分会乳腺学组组长、复旦肿瘤医院的放射诊断科<span style="color: black;">专家</span>顾雅佳2019年在接受健康时报采访时介绍，针对乳腺癌的X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>钼钯<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>诊断乳腺<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>简单有效的筛查方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上海交通大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>瑞金医院放射科行政副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>柴维敏解释，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>超声或磁共振等<span style="color: black;">没</span>法看出的微小钙化灶，X影像<span style="color: black;">检测</span>恰好比较<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>。加上拍好还有成片可供<span style="color: black;">保留</span>，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>论是国际上还是国内均为首选。针对普通人群，《中国抗癌协会乳腺癌诊治指南》<span style="color: black;">举荐</span> 40-45 岁的女性应每年做一次乳腺 X 线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，45-69岁女性每1-2年进行一次。⑦</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 前列腺癌——PSA筛查</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">北京同仁医院泌尿外科的<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师张光银2013年在健康时报刊文中指出，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>健康人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是筛查<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>50岁以上的男性，用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）项目来排查前列腺癌。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>PSA价钱更加<span style="color: black;">优惠</span>，排除假阳性问题，是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查前列腺癌特异性的最方便、<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。②</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. 宫颈癌——HPV+TCT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">相比其他癌症，宫颈癌是人类所有癌症中<span style="color: black;">独一</span>病因<span style="color: black;">知道</span>且能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>早筛、早治而消除的癌症，即感染乳头瘤病毒(HPV)，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着针对病因<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>防治。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中国医学科学院肿瘤医院、北京协和医学科学院群医学及公卫学院教授乔友林介绍，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国际公认最安全的宫颈癌筛查采取细胞学检测(TCT)与人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)病毒学检测联合筛查的方式。⑧</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而<span style="color: black;">日前</span>业界只能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是将HPV+TCT两者联合筛查<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">精细</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">或</span>二级防控宫颈癌的最好方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文综合自：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①2021-08-12肿瘤专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>《癌症<span style="color: black;">初期</span>到底有<span style="color: black;">无</span>先兆？<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提醒：这15个表现请牢记在心！》（潘战和）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②2013-01-24 健康时报《数数不<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的体检项目》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③2020-04-15 上海市抗癌协会《居民<span style="color: black;">平常</span>恶性肿瘤筛查和预防<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>（2020版）》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④2019-03-19 健康时报《<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>超半数胃癌在中国》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤2014-06-24南方日报《<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>容易误诊“大肝癌”》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥2018-07-20 健康时报《中国工程院院士李兆申—— 早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>一例癌挽救一个家》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑦2019-11-01健康时报《X线、超声、磁共振…乳腺癌筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>怎么选？专家<span style="color: black;">这般</span>说》（尹薇）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑧2018-08-31健康时报《准确率高达90%以上!联合筛查<span style="color: black;">精细</span>揪出乳腺癌、宫颈癌》</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：健康时报</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">动画<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于网络，侵权删</p>
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