链传动习题(一)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBHudple7qT8ibghXmrGgTBWcVctvLRicxzW7dziaCPteH5pHqunwe6IFefg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>链传动的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>知识:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1<span style="color: black;">)平均链速和平均传动比准确,但瞬时传动比不准确。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2<span style="color: black;">)链的平均速度计算公式如下:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">V=z1*n1*p/60/1000=z2*n2*p/60/1000 (m/s)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z1<span style="color: black;">、</span>z2<span style="color: black;">一主、从动链轮的齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">n1<span style="color: black;">、</span>n2<span style="color: black;">一主、从动链轮的转速,</span>r/min<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">p<span style="color: black;">一链的节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3<span style="color: black;">)链传动的传动比计算公式如下:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">i12=n1/n2=z2/z1<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4<span style="color: black;">)链节距</span>p<span style="color: black;">的计算公式如下:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">P=<span style="color: black;">链号</span>x25.4/16</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">P<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如:</span>08B<span style="color: black;">:</span>p=8x25.4/16=12.7mm<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5<span style="color: black;">)链轮的分度圆直径计算公式如下:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">d=p/sin(<span style="color: black;">π</span>/z)=p/sin(180<span style="color: black;">°</span>/z)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">d<span style="color: black;">一分度圆直径,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">p<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z<span style="color: black;">一链轮齿数。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6)<span style="color: black;">传动比</span>i<span style="color: black;">过大,包角小,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>啮合的齿数减少,加速链轮的磨损,且容易脱链。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>限制链传动</span>i<span style="color: black;">≤</span>6<span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">举荐</span></span>i=2~3.5<span style="color: black;">。当</span>v<2m/s<span style="color: black;">且载荷<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>时,</span>i<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">达到</span></span>10<span style="color: black;">。当传动比<span style="color: black;">很强</span>时,可采用二级或二级以上传动。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7<span style="color: black;">)链传动中<span style="color: black;">通常</span>中心距<span style="color: black;">调节</span>量△</span>a<span style="color: black;">≥</span>2p<span style="color: black;">,并且使<span style="color: black;">实质</span>中心距比理论中心距小(</span>0.002~0.004<span style="color: black;">)</span>a<span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">调节</span>后松边下垂量常<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>为(</span>0.01~0.02<span style="color: black;">)</span>a<span style="color: black;">。(注:</span>p<span style="color: black;">为链节距,</span>a<span style="color: black;">为中心距)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">8)<span style="color: black;">小链轮包角验算公式如下:(注:小链轮包角α≥</span>120<span style="color: black;">°。</span>)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">α</span>=180<span style="color: black;">°</span>-<span style="color: black;">(</span>z2-z1<span style="color: black;">)</span>p/(<span style="color: black;">π</span>a)x57.3<span style="color: black;">°</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">α一小链轮包角,°</span>;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z1<span style="color: black;">一小链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z2<span style="color: black;">一大链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a<span style="color: black;">一中心距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">p<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">9)<span style="color: black;">链轮常用材料及热处理:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBH6aicqgcb0wJLxMUYFEZsPhBV0IWeMjS5Z8iaMex0JKNMjyKyvphC6BKQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">材料</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">热处理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">齿面硬度</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">应用范围</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15<span style="color: black;">、</span>20</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">渗碳、淬火、回火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">50~60HRC</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z<span style="color: black;">≤</span>25<span style="color: black;">有冲击载荷的链轮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">35</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">正火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">160~200HBS</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">正常工作<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下</span>z>25<span style="color: black;">的链轮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">45<span style="color: black;">、</span>50<span style="color: black;">、</span>ZG310~570</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">淬火、回火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">40~50HRC</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无剧烈冲击振动且在易磨损<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下工作的链轮</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15Cr<span style="color: black;">、</span>20Cr</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">渗碳、淬火、回火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">55~60HRC</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z<30,<span style="color: black;">有动载荷及传动功率<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的链轮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">40Cr<span style="color: black;">、</span>35SiMn<span style="color: black;">、</span>35CrMo</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">淬火、回火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">40~50HRC</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重要的、<span style="color: black;">需求</span>强度较高、轮齿耐磨的链轮</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Q235<span style="color: black;">、</span>Q275</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">焊接后退火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">约</span>140HBS</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中等速度、传递中等功率的链轮</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不<span style="color: black;">小于</span></span>HT200<span style="color: black;">的灰铸铁</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">淬火、回火</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">260~280HBS</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">外形<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>、强度<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>的</span>z>50<span style="color: black;">的从动链轮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">夹布胶木</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">P<6kW<span style="color: black;">、速度较高、传动<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">安稳</span>和无噪声的链轮</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10)<span style="color: black;">链传动<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>初定中心距</span>a0=<span style="color: black;">(</span>30~50<span style="color: black;">)</span>p<span style="color: black;">,最大取</span>amax=80p<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最小中心距</span>aomin</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">i</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><4</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">≥</span>4</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a0min</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">0.2z1(i+1)p</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">0.33z1(i-1)p</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">注:初定中心距</span>a0<span style="color: black;">应<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>结构<span style="color: black;">需求</span>:有张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>或托板时,</span>a0max<span style="color: black;">可大于</span>80p<span style="color: black;">;<span style="color: black;">针对</span>中心距不可<span style="color: black;">调节</span>的传动,</span>a0max<span style="color: black;">≈</span>30p<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">采用左边的</span>a0min<span style="color: black;">计算式可保持小链轮上的包角不<span style="color: black;">少于</span></span>120<span style="color: black;">°,且<span style="color: black;">体积</span>链轮不会相碰。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>中心距不可<span style="color: black;">调节</span>的和<span style="color: black;">无</span>张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的链传动,应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>中心距</span>a<span style="color: black;">值的计算准确性。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">理论中心距</span>a<span style="color: black;">的减小量△</span>a<span style="color: black;">应<span style="color: black;">保准</span>链条松边有一个合适的安装垂度</span>f<span style="color: black;">:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">f=<span style="color: black;">(</span>0.01~0.02<span style="color: black;">)</span>a;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>中心距可<span style="color: black;">调节</span>的链传动,△</span>a<span style="color: black;">(即相应于</span>f<span style="color: black;">)可取<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的值;对中心距不可<span style="color: black;">调节</span>的和<span style="color: black;">无</span>张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的链传动,则应取较小的值。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11)<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>繁重的工况不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>过渡链节。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">12<span style="color: black;">)链传动润滑方式的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>与链速和链节距<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBHxcPDra4ibc4MzuFbGf6PZhQFSx9aib1s3BwtzHNPOtuXtDJeIwicfTfvQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">链传动<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>润滑方式:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">K=V*P^0.55</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">≤</span>2.7</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">></span>2.7</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><</span>34</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">></span>34</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">K1=V^0.68*P^0.62</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">≤</span>12</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">></span>12</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>润方式</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">人工<span style="color: black;">定时</span>润滑,用毛刷或油壶</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">用滴油器每列链片每分钟供油</span>2~6<span style="color: black;">滴</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">飞溅润滑,油面达最低滚子中心</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">用压力循环供油</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">注:</span>v<span style="color: black;">一链速,</span>m/s<span style="color: black;">;</span>p<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">13<span style="color: black;">)链速</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">v<span style="color: black;">≤</span>0.6m/s <span style="color: black;">低速传动;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">v>0.6~8m/s<span style="color: black;">中速传动;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">v>8m/s<span style="color: black;">高速传动。(注:高速下运转,要特别<span style="color: black;">注重</span>润滑<span style="color: black;">要求</span>)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">14) <span style="color: black;">链节距的<span style="color: black;">选择</span>:为使传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>、结构紧凑,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在高速下,宜<span style="color: black;">选择</span>节距较小的链条;速度高、功率大时,可<span style="color: black;">选择</span>节距较小的多排链。<span style="color: black;">选择</span>多排链时应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>脏污和误差对传动时比较<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15)<span style="color: black;">链传动的<span style="color: black;">通常</span>设计计算<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">已知<span style="color: black;">要求</span>:传递功率</span>p<span style="color: black;">、主动链轮转速</span>n1<span style="color: black;">、传动比</span>i<span style="color: black;">、工作载荷<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)小链轮、大链轮齿数计算(圆整为整数):</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z1=29-2i;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z2=iz1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">注:小链轮<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>齿数:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">V=0.6~3m/s <span style="color: black;">时,</span>z1<span style="color: black;">≥</span>17;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">V=3~8m/s<span style="color: black;">时,</span>z1<span style="color: black;">≥</span>21;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">v>8m/s<span style="color: black;">时,</span>z1<span style="color: black;">≥</span>25;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">V=25m/s<span style="color: black;">时,</span>z1<span style="color: black;">≥</span>35;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">链轮齿数优先系列为:</span>17<span style="color: black;">、</span>19<span style="color: black;">、</span>21<span style="color: black;">、</span>23<span style="color: black;">、</span>25<span style="color: black;">、</span>38<span style="color: black;">、</span>57<span style="color: black;">、</span>76<span style="color: black;">、</span>95<span style="color: black;">、</span>114<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>2<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">实质</span>传动比计算</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">i=z2/z1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>3<span style="color: black;">)链轮转速计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">小链轮转速</span>n1<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大链轮转速</span>n2=n1/i<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>4<span style="color: black;">)设计功率</span>Pd<span style="color: black;">计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>5<span style="color: black;">)链条节距<span style="color: black;">选取</span></span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>设计功率</span>Pd<span style="color: black;">和</span>n1<span style="color: black;">查表<span style="color: black;">选取</span>;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>6<span style="color: black;">)检验小链轮孔径:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">dkmax<span style="color: black;">查<span style="color: black;">关联</span>资料。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>7<span style="color: black;">)初定轴间距:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>8<span style="color: black;">)链长节数</span>LP<span style="color: black;">计算:圆整为整数,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>取偶数节;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">LP=2a0/p+(z1+z2)/2+((z2-z1)/(2<span style="color: black;">π</span>))^2*p/a0</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBHoqQYhRPpI1QZM7QmicmXvoTDicAL3IVn9grbAyNnCA3dPClqAx23cCQw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a0<span style="color: black;">一初选中心距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">p<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z1<span style="color: black;">一小链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z2<span style="color: black;">一大链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>9<span style="color: black;">)链条长度</span>L<span style="color: black;">计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">L=<span style="color: black;">节数</span>x<span style="color: black;">链节距</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>10<span style="color: black;">)理论中心距计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a=p/4[(Lp-(z1+z2)/2+((Lp-(z1+z2)/2)^2-8((z2-z1)/(2<span style="color: black;">π</span>))^2)^1/2]</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBHvrGkBel6nVsia5viaDrzyq8QzQgDaeWeTBJtxhp0B1as5Zl76A593WBQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a<span style="color: black;">一理论中心距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">p<span style="color: black;">一链节距,</span>mm<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z1<span style="color: black;">一小链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">z2<span style="color: black;">一大链轮齿数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Lp<span style="color: black;">一链节数;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>11<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">实质</span>中心距</span>a’(<span style="color: black;">单位:</span>mm)<span style="color: black;">计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">a’=a-<span style="color: black;">△</span>a=a-(0.002~0.004)a</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>12<span style="color: black;">)链速</span>v<span style="color: black;">的计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">v=z1*n1*p/60/1000(m/s)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>13<span style="color: black;">)有效圆周力</span>F<span style="color: black;">计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">F=1000P/v<span style="color: black;">(</span>N<span style="color: black;">)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">P<span style="color: black;">一功率,</span>kW<span style="color: black;">;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">V<span style="color: black;">一链速,</span>m/s<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>14<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">功效</span>在轴上的拉力</span>QF<span style="color: black;">计算:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">针对</span>水平传动和倾斜传动:</span>QF=(1.15~1.20<span style="color: black;">)</span>KA*F;</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>接近垂直的传动:</span>QF=1.05KA*F)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">QF=1.2*KA*F</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">式中:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">KA<span style="color: black;">一工况系数,查手册;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">F<span style="color: black;">一有效圆周力,</span>N<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>15<span style="color: black;">)计算链轮几何尺寸并绘制工作图</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>16<span style="color: black;">)润滑方式的选定:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>链节距</span>p<span style="color: black;">和链条速度</span>v<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>17<span style="color: black;">)链条标记:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">链条标记示例:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">08A-1x78 GB/T1243-1997</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">16)<span style="color: black;">链轮的张紧:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)张紧链轮的<span style="color: black;">部署</span>应<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>结构<span style="color: black;">状况</span>确定,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>腿甲配置在链条松边靠近小链轮处,且在链条的外侧,以增<span style="color: black;">体积</span>链轮的包角。张紧链轮<span style="color: black;">最少</span>应有</span>3<span style="color: black;">齿与链条啮合。张紧链轮齿数约等于小链轮齿数,且大于最小齿数。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">17)<span style="color: black;">链传动应紧边在上。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)松边在上,垂度<span style="color: black;">很强</span>时,链与链轮<span style="color: black;">很难</span>脱开,有卷入的倾向。尤其是在链离开小链轮时,这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>更加<span style="color: black;">明显</span>和<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,要避免小链轮出口侧为渐进下垂侧。中心距大、松边在上时,会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>下垂量的增大而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>松边与紧边的相碰,故应避免。(否则需<span style="color: black;">增多</span>张紧轮,靠近主动轮从内侧往外张紧。)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">18)<span style="color: black;">链传动的<span style="color: black;">部署</span>:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)两链轮中心连线最好成水平或与水平面成</span>45<span style="color: black;">°以下倾角。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>2<span style="color: black;">)避免两链轮轴线在同一铅垂面内的<span style="color: black;">部署</span>形式,防止链的下垂量集中<span style="color: black;">功效</span>在下端,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>下面链轮的有效啮合齿数的减少,而降低传动能力。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>3<span style="color: black;">)应将松边<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在下面,防止松边下垂量增大后,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>链条与小链轮干涉或与紧边相碰。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>4<span style="color: black;">)两链轮上下<span style="color: black;">部署</span>时,应小链轮在上,或加张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">两链轮上下<span style="color: black;">部署</span>时,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>链条本身重量的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>使链条下垂,因而下面的链条与链轮齿有脱开的倾向,或接触部分减少,而小轮的啮合齿数比大轮少,因而大轮在下较<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>。或<span style="color: black;">增多</span>张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>5<span style="color: black;">)链轮<span style="color: black;">不可</span>水平<span style="color: black;">部署</span>,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>在重力<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下,链条产生垂度,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是中心距<span style="color: black;">很强</span>时,垂度更大,而使链轮与链条的啮合产生干涉,卡链<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>掉链。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">19<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">不可</span>用一根链条带动一条水平线上的多个链轮。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在一条直线上有多个链轮时,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>一根链将一个主动轮的功率一次传递给多个其他的链轮,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>中间链轮的啮合齿数太少,在这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,只能用一对对的链轮进行逐个轴的传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>填空题:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1<span style="color: black;">)链传动设计中,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>大链轮最多齿数限制在</span>Zmax=120<span style="color: black;">,是为了<span style="color: black;">减少链节磨损后链从链轮上脱落下来的可能性</span></span><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">延长链条的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命</span>)</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2)<span style="color: black;">链传动中,限制小链轮最少齿数的目的之一是为了<span style="color: black;">减少传动的运动不均匀性和动载荷</span>。注:链轮齿数<span style="color: black;">不可</span>过少。过少时会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>传动的不均匀性和动载荷;<span style="color: black;">增多</span>链节间的相对转角,从而增大功率损耗;<span style="color: black;">增多</span>铰链承压面间的压强(因齿数少时,链轮直径小,链的工作拉力将<span style="color: black;">增多</span>),从而加速铰链磨损。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3<span style="color: black;">)设计链传动时,链节数最好取</span><span style="color: black;"> <span style="color: black;">偶数</span></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4<span style="color: black;">)多排链排数<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不超过</span>3<span style="color: black;">或</span>4<span style="color: black;">排,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是为了<span style="color: black;">使各排受力均匀</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5<span style="color: black;">)链传动不适合用于高速传动的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">动载荷大</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6<span style="color: black;">)链传动设计中,当(高速)载荷大、中心距小、传动比大时,宜<span style="color: black;">选择</span><span style="color: black;">小节距多排链</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7<span style="color: black;">)中心距大、传动比小,速度较低时,选<span style="color: black;">大节距单列链</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">8)<span style="color: black;">为了当磨损量达到</span>2%~3%<span style="color: black;">时,仍可使链条继续工作,<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>链轮最大齿数</span><span style="color: black;">zmax=120</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">9<span style="color: black;">)链传动大链轮齿数不宜<span style="color: black;">太多</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">避免磨损时<span style="color: black;">引起</span>过早脱链</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">10)<span style="color: black;">链传动中链节数取<span style="color: black;">偶数</span>,链轮齿数为<span style="color: black;">奇数</span>,最好互为质数,其<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">磨损均匀</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11<span style="color: black;">)链传动中,链节数常采用<span style="color: black;">偶数</span>,这是为了使链传动避免采用<span style="color: black;">过渡链节</span></span> <span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">12<span style="color: black;">)在<span style="color: black;">必定</span>转速时,要减少链条传动的不均匀性和动载荷,应<span style="color: black;">减少链条节距,增大链轮齿数</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">13<span style="color: black;">)齿数</span>z1<span style="color: black;">少,<span style="color: black;">多边形效应</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>,传动<span style="color: black;">不<span style="color: black;">安稳</span></span>、冲击<span style="color: black;">大</span>、动载荷<span style="color: black;">大</span>,链节在进入和退出啮合时,相对转角<span style="color: black;">增大</span>,磨损<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">增多</span></span>,冲击和功率损耗<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">增大</span>。齿数</span>z1<span style="color: black;">多,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>大链轮齿数</span>z2<span style="color: black;">多,结构尺寸大、易脱链。</span>Z1min=9<span style="color: black;">,</span>z2max=120<span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(<span style="color: black;">增大</span>z1<span style="color: black;">,链条紧边的总拉力下降,多边形效应减少,啮合时链节间的相对转角减小,磨损小,但尺寸、重量增大。</span>)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">Z2<span style="color: black;">大时,节距磨损伸长率许用值</span>[<span style="color: black;">△</span>p/P]<span style="color: black;">减少,链传动的磨损寿命降低,且传动尺寸大。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">14<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">通常</span></span>z1<span style="color: black;">为奇数。</span>(<span style="color: black;">当</span>z1<span style="color: black;">和</span>z2<span style="color: black;">位奇数而链节数为偶数时,将有利于<span style="color: black;">链条和链轮齿均匀磨损</span>,但</span>z1<span style="color: black;">和</span>z2<span style="color: black;">的<span style="color: black;">选择</span>需<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>传动空间的限制。</span>)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">15)<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">根据</span>工作性质的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,链有<span style="color: black;">传动链</span>、<span style="color: black;">起重链</span>、<span style="color: black;">曳引链</span>三种。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">16<span style="color: black;">)传动链(<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有套筒链、套筒滚子链、齿形链和成型链)<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用来<span style="color: black;">传递动力</span>,起重链在<span style="color: black;">起重机械中<span style="color: black;">提高</span>重物</span>,曳引链<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用在运输机械中<span style="color: black;">移动重物</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">17<span style="color: black;">)链传动张紧的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的是:<span style="color: black;">避免松边垂度过大,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>啮合不良和链条振动现象</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">18<span style="color: black;">)若链条在小链轮上的包角过小,则:<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>啮合的齿数少,链条和轮齿的磨损快,容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>跳齿,破坏正常啮合</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">19<span style="color: black;">)为了限制链传动的动载荷,在链节距和小链轮齿数一<span style="color: black;">按时</span>,应限制<span style="color: black;">小链轮的转速</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">注:<span style="color: black;">由于</span>链速和从动链轮角速度周期性变化,从而产生了附加的动载荷。链的加速度越大,动载荷<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将越大。由加速度公式</span>a=<span style="color: black;">±</span>1/2*R1*<span style="color: black;">ω</span>^2*sin(<span style="color: black;">φ</span>1/2)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/CnkffICyPpPJdL0Y9FG25t22MJd9ceBHNFIMqQDhEehPVcldHSb1iarfQiaZyhoIQib9ra2V7WkBAZ9N4FOQK4Gibg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">可知,链轮转速越高、链节距越大、链轮齿数越少,动载荷都将<span style="color: black;">越大</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">20)<span style="color: black;">链传动瞬时传动比等于常数的充要<span style="color: black;">要求</span>是:</span><span style="color: black;">z1=z2<span style="color: black;">且中心距时链节距的整数倍</span></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">21<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">由于</span>链传动<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>运动的不均匀性和动载荷,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>用于<span style="color: black;">低速</span>传动。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">22<span style="color: black;">)滚子链传动中,滚子的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是<span style="color: black;">减轻链轮轮齿的磨</span>损。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">23<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">通常</span>小链轮采用的材料<span style="color: black;">很强</span>链轮<span style="color: black;">好</span>,这是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>小链轮轮齿啮合的次数比大链轮轮齿啮合的齿数<span style="color: black;">多</span>的缘故。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">24<span style="color: black;">)链条中应<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免<span style="color: black;">运用</span>过渡链节,这<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">过渡链板要承受附加弯矩的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,降低链的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">25<span style="color: black;">)低速链传动(<span style="color: black;">少于</span></span>0.6m/s<span style="color: black;">)其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>失效形式是链条的<span style="color: black;">过载拉断</span>,故应按<span style="color: black;">静强度</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span>进行计算。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">26<span style="color: black;">)在滚子链的结构中,内链板与套筒之间、外链板与销轴之间采用<span style="color: black;">过盈</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>,滚子与套筒之间、套筒与销轴之间采用<span style="color: black;">间隙</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">27)<span style="color: black;">链轮的转速越<span style="color: black;">高</span>,链节距越<span style="color: black;">大</span>,齿数越<span style="color: black;">少</span>,则链传动的动载荷就<span style="color: black;">越大</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">28<span style="color: black;">)链传动<span style="color: black;">通常</span>应<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在<span style="color: black;">水平</span>面内,尽可能避免<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在<span style="color: black;">垂直</span>平面或<span style="color: black;">与水平面成</span></span><span style="color: black;">45<span style="color: black;">°以上倾角</span></span><span style="color: black;">的平面内。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">29<span style="color: black;">)若不计链传动中的动载荷,则链的紧边受到的拉力由<span style="color: black;">有效圆周力</span>、<span style="color: black;">离心拉力</span>和<span style="color: black;">悬垂拉力</span>三部分<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">30<span style="color: black;">)链传动算出的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>中心距,在安装时还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>缩短</span>2~5mm<span style="color: black;">,这是为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span><span style="color: black;">链条松边有一个合适的安装垂度</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">31<span style="color: black;">)在链传动中,当两链轮的轴线在同一平面时,应将紧边<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在<span style="color: black;">上</span>面,松边<span style="color: black;">部署</span>在<span style="color: black;">下</span>面。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">32)<span style="color: black;">当链传动和其他传动<span style="color: black;">构成</span>多级传动时,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>将链传动放在速度<span style="color: black;">低</span>的一级上,<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>链速过高而增大<span style="color: black;">动载荷</span>和运动的<span style="color: black;">不均匀性</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">33)<span style="color: black;">为降低从动轮的转速,若传动空间<span style="color: black;">准许</span>,在主动轮齿数和其他<span style="color: black;">要求</span>不变的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,增大<span style="color: black;">从动轮齿数</span>有利,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其传动的功率不变。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>思考题</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1<span style="color: black;">)链传动的失效形式及设计准则是什么?(链板疲劳破坏、销轴和套筒的胶合、链条铰链磨损、滚子套筒的冲击疲劳破坏、过载拉断。)</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">解:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)正常润滑的链传动,铰链单元<span style="color: black;">因为</span>疲劳强度不足而破坏;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>2<span style="color: black;">)因铰链销轴磨损时链节距过渡伸长(在标准<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span>下<span style="color: black;">准许</span>伸长率为</span>3%<span style="color: black;">),而破坏正常啮合和<span style="color: black;">导致</span>脱链现象;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>3<span style="color: black;">)润滑<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>或转速过高时,销轴和套筒的摩擦表面易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胶合破坏;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>4<span style="color: black;">)经常起动、反转、制动的链传动,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>过载<span style="color: black;">导致</span>冲击破坏;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>5<span style="color: black;">)低速重载的链传动,铰链单元<span style="color: black;">出现</span>静强度破坏;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>6<span style="color: black;">)链轮轮齿磨损等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>链速</span>v<0.6m/s<span style="color: black;">的低速链传动,其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>失效形式是链的过载拉断,按抗拉静力强度计算。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2)<span style="color: black;">链传动产生动载荷的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>及影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>?</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">解:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>1<span style="color: black;">)链速和从动轮角速度作周期性变化,产生加速度</span>a<span style="color: black;">,从而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>动载荷。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>2<span style="color: black;">)链条垂直方向的分速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>作周期性变化,使链条产生上下振动,产生动载荷;</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>3<span style="color: black;">)在链条链节和链轮轮齿啮合的瞬间,<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>相对速度,产生啮合冲击和动载荷。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(</span>4<span style="color: black;">)<span style="color: black;">因为</span>链和链轮的制造误差、安装误差及<span style="color: black;">因为</span>链条的松弛,在<span style="color: black;">起步</span>、制动、反转、<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>超载等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下产生的惯性冲击,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>将增大链传动的动载荷。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">影响<span style="color: black;">原因</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">影响动载荷的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>有:链速、链节距和链轮齿数。(链速越高,链节距越大,链轮齿数越少,动载荷越大。)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3<span style="color: black;">)链号</span>(ISO<span style="color: black;">链号</span>)<span style="color: black;">含义举例说明:</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">解:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">滚子链有</span>A<span style="color: black;">、</span>B<span style="color: black;">两种系列,(注:</span>A<span style="color: black;">系列起源于美国,流行于世界各国;</span>B<span style="color: black;">系列起源于英国,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>流行于欧洲。)我国以</span>A<span style="color: black;">系列设计应用为主,</span>B<span style="color: black;">系列供出口和维修。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">滚子链的标记:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">链号一排数</span>x<span style="color: black;">链节数</span> <span style="color: black;">标准编号</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">例如:</span><span style="color: black;">08A-1x78GB/T 1243-1997,</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">暗示</span></span><span style="color: black;">A</span><span style="color: black;">系列、</span><span style="color: black;">8</span><span style="color: black;">号链、节距</span><span style="color: black;">12.7mm</span><span style="color: black;">,单排、</span><span style="color: black;">78</span><span style="color: black;">节的滚子链。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">往期精彩<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;">链传动</a></p>
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