癌症≠绝症，Get一下关于癌症的哪些事儿~
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你<span style="color: black;">可否</span>谈癌色变？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">分不清肿瘤与癌症的区别？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关于癌症的这些知识</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>多少？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">一块</span>来学习吧~</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是癌症</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">人体某部位的细胞在致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>下，使一个或几个细胞的基因受到<span style="color: black;">损害</span>产生突变，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>这些细胞不按人体<span style="color: black;">必须</span>、不受人体<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>活跃地、<span style="color: black;">没</span>限制地增生，这些<span style="color: black;">没</span>限增生的细胞常常在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>形成肿块，这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤，肿瘤分为：<strong style="color: blue;">良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤</strong><strong style="color: blue;">（常统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为癌症）</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>世界卫生组织国际癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">公司</span>（IARC）<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的 2020 年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>最新癌症数据：</strong><span style="color: black;">2020年<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>新发癌症病例1929万例，其中中国新发癌症457万人，占<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>23.7%，其中男性 248 万例，女性 209 万例。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 新发病例数前十的癌症分别是：<strong style="color: blue;">肺癌 82 万，结直肠癌 56 万，胃癌 48 万，乳腺癌 42 万，肝癌 41 万，食管癌 32 万，甲状腺癌 22 万，胰腺癌 12 万，前列腺癌 12 万，宫颈癌 11 万</strong>，这十种癌症占新发癌症数的 78%。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">患癌危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不可更改的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(1)</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">年龄</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:65岁以上的人患肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>最高。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(2)<strong style="color: blue;">遗传及基因病</strong>:据估计，5%-10%的肿瘤是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>遗传基因突变或删除<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(3)</span><strong style="color: blue;">性别</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">:男性患肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>比女性要高许多，甲状腺癌和</span>胆囊癌<span style="color: black;">例外，这两种女性<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(4)</span><strong style="color: blue;">慢性病</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：随着时间的推移，<span style="color: black;">有些</span>慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>或躯体<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>某类型肿瘤。</span>结肠炎<span style="color: black;">便是其中的一个例子，有过结肠炎史的人<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span>中患结肠直肠癌的概率是30%。慢性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>与其发病机制相同的恶性肿瘤，如家族中糖尿病发病率越多，胰腺癌发病率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可改变的危险<span style="color: black;">原因</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（1）<strong style="color: blue;">吸烟</strong>:据估计，五分之一的肿瘤死亡是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>香烟，烟草烟雾含有大约4000种物质，其中50多种是已知或可疑的致癌物。二手烟，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为被动吸烟，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>确定是致癌物。 </span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（2）<strong style="color: blue;">饮酒</strong>：<span style="color: black;">海量</span>饮酒会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>口腔、食管、结肠、肝脏和上<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，中度饮酒会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（3）<strong style="color: blue;">不健康的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span></strong>:西方<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺癌、结肠癌、前列腺癌和食管癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，尤其是“红肉及加工肉类”盐腌制的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>胃癌，中国式咸鱼可<span style="color: black;">导致</span>鼻咽肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>摄入非常热的饮料和<span style="color: black;">食品</span>则会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>口腔癌、咽癌和食管癌。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>摄入含外源性雌激素的食品及保健品会<span style="color: black;">作为</span>乳腺癌和子宫癌的高危人群。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（4）<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肥壮</span></strong>:会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>子宫内膜癌、胰腺癌、肾癌、胆囊癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，绝经后<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（5）<strong style="color: blue;">缺乏<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span></strong>:久坐不动的生活方式会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>结肠癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>女性患乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">（6）</span><strong style="color: blue;">传染性病原体</strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">:大约18%的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>传染性病病原体<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的传染性病原体是</span>幽门螺杆菌<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(胃癌)，人乳头瘤病毒(宫颈癌)，及乙肝和丙肝病毒(肝癌)。大乳头瘤病毒疫苗对阻止癌前病变发展为宫颈癌、阴道癌和</span>肛周癌<span style="color: black;">均有效。</span></span></span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（7）<strong style="color: blue;">辐射</strong>:紫外线辐射<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于阳光，<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>暴露在阳光下及其他形式的紫外线辐射(<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>日光灯和日光浴床)会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>皮肤癌、嘴唇癌和肺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>一个<span style="color: black;">源自</span>是氡，是肺癌的致病<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，建筑材料是室内氡的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>。如花岗岩、砖砂、水泥及石膏之类，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是含放射性元素的天然石材，最容易释出氡，通风不良的地下室是氡水平最高<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，过度暴露于电离辐射，如重复接触X射线和放射治疗，会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>白血病、骨癌和其他实体肿瘤的概率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（8）<strong style="color: blue;">职业暴露</strong>:2%-4%的肿瘤病例是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>职业暴露<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的，肺癌最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>。患癌<span style="color: black;">危害</span>最高的两个职业是<strong style="color: blue;">制造业</strong>和<strong style="color: blue;">采矿业</strong>，①制造业:制造工厂的工人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>接触到<span style="color: black;">各样</span>各样致癌物，常常是气体致癌物。例如，染料行业的工人暴露在芳香胺，联苯胺和甲萘胺中，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>有较高的间皮瘤、肺癌、鼻腔癌和鼻窦癌的患病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。职业接触<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:石棉与肺癌和间皮瘤;联苯胺与膀胱癌;苯与白血病;氯甲醚与肺癌;砷与肺癌和皮肤癌;炼焦与肺癌;铬酸盐制造业与肺癌。②采矿业:矿工<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>暴露在<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>矿物质和灰尘的空气中。这些空气中含砷、多环芳烃和赤铁矿，这会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>矿工们患淋巴瘤以及皮肤癌、肺癌、肝癌和鼻窦癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（9）<strong style="color: blue;">环境污染</strong>：约1%-4%的肿瘤病例是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>空气、水和土壤污染。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">（10）</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">药品</span></strong>:已烯雌酚(DES)用来给孕妇防止流产，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>胎儿时代母亲用过该药的女性患阴道癌和宫颈癌的机会更大。雌激素是避孕药和激素替代疗法的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">成份</span>，但会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>子宫内膜癌和乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。某些<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能致癌，例如用于化疗的烷基化剂<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>白血病的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">（11）<strong style="color: blue;">食品污染</strong>:这些污染物有些是自然产生的如黄曲霉毒素，<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>谷物和豆类产生，可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肝癌。多氯联苯是<span style="color: black;">商场</span>化生产的化学混合物，人类摄入<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的多氯联苯<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>肝癌在内的多种问题。其他食品污染物则<span style="color: black;">源自</span>于农药喷洒、细菌和食品添加剂。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">初期</span>信号</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(1)</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">反常</span>肿块</strong><span style="color: black;">:乳腺、颈部、皮肤等身体表浅部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>经久不消或<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>增大的肿块。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(2)</span><strong style="color: blue;">疣痣增大</strong><span style="color: black;">:体表黑痣和疣等在短期内色泽改变，<span style="color: black;">快速</span>增大，脱毛、溃烂、渗液、瘙痒等，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在身体经常摩擦部位。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(3)</span><strong style="color: blue;">吞咽异物感</strong><span style="color: black;">:吞咽<span style="color: black;">食品</span>不畅，胸骨后闷胀不适、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>，当这些症状久不消失或加重应立即<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">(4)</span><strong style="color: blue;">久治不愈的溃疡</strong><span style="color: black;">:皮肤和粘膜溃疡治疗<span style="color: black;">没</span>效、或有<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(5)<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性消化不良或食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>，食后上腹闷胀，且进行性消瘦、贫血等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(6)大便习惯改变，大便变形或<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(7)<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性声音嘶哑，干咳、咳中带血等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(8)鼻咽分泌物带血，耳鸣、听力<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>，鼻衄等</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(9)经期外或绝经后阴道不规则<span style="color: black;">流血</span>，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是接触性<span style="color: black;">流血</span>等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(10)血尿、排尿不畅等。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(11)不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的进行性<strong style="color: blue;">体重下降</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">(12)不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>低热</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上症状可能是肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>信号，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>并非肿瘤特有，一旦<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，应尽早上医院进一步诊治。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1/3的癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防，1/3的癌症病人<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>有效的综合治疗而减轻痛苦，延长生命，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量，部分有望治愈，1/3的癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>并治愈。</span></strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240402/c8f81e182959466d9554dd40266120a5.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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