电气设计丨住宅照明电气图的识读和电气图连接线的暗示办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/0AnIrUELiboAPqhIwnibwyMoBBdpFR2TicVHWtOzqnGicAgOoTOShexoarPmT8TEE9ILuNxxq1XtQyU9SjxiaXJGRLg/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电气图是用来描述电气工程的图。识读电气图<span style="color: black;">便是</span>要把制图者所表达的内容看懂,并<span style="color: black;">经过</span>它来<span style="color: black;">指点</span>电气安装和施工、进行故障诊断<span style="color: black;">或</span>检修和管理电气设备。树上鸟教育电气设计视频教程</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">电气图连接线的<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在电气线路图中,各元器件之间都采用导线连接,起到传输电能、传递信息的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。读图者应<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>它的<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.导线的<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>法</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">单根导线可用<span style="color: black;">通常</span>的图线<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。多根导线,可分别画出,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可只画一根图线,但<span style="color: black;">必要</span>加以标志。若导线少于4根,可用短划线数量<span style="color: black;">表率</span>根数;若导线多于4根,可在短划线旁加数字<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,如图1.1(a)所示。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzNMXJBb0tsmBiahByaYZpfsCBwSlNJSzuDBg7NIWvANQ5t1XNZVIEbHA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.1 导线<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>电路相序的变换、极性的反向、导线的交换等,可采用交换号<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>,如图1.1(b)所示。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">要<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>导线的型号、截面、安装<span style="color: black;">办法</span>等,可采用短划指引线指引,加标导线属性和敷设<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,如图1.1(c)所示。该图<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>导线的型号为BLV(铝芯塑料绝缘线),其中3根截面积为25mm2,1根截面积为16mm2,敷设<span style="color: black;">办法</span>为穿入塑料管(VG),塑料管管径为40mm,沿地板暗敷。(树上鸟教育电气设计培训)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">导线特征的<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>是:横线上面标出电流种类、配电系统、频率和电压等;横线下面标出电路的导线数乘以每根导线截面积(mm2),当导线的截面积<span style="color: black;">区别</span>时,可用“+”将其<span style="color: black;">掰开</span>,如图1.1(d)所示。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.导线连接点的<span style="color: black;">暗示</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">导线的连接点有“T”形连接点和多线的“+”形连接点。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>“T”形连接点,可加实心圆点,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可不加,如图1.2(a)所示。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>“+”形连接点,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>加实心圆点,如图 1.2(b)所示。而<span style="color: black;">针对</span>交叉不连接的,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>加实心圆点,如图1.2(c)所示。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHziaCcgwHDt9pMiaq9zWyFFDX0S2AXp2rodicbYOqL8MzQ0mx2KRP9sjvhw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.2 导线连接点示例</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.连接线分组和标记</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)分组</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了方便看图,对多根平行连接线,应按功能分组。若<span style="color: black;">不可</span>按功能分组,可任意分组,但每组不多于3根,各组间距应大于线间距。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)标记</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了便于看出连接线的功能或去向,可在连接线上方或连接线中断处作信号名标记或其他标记,如图1.3所示。(树上鸟教育电气设计培训)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzXmiaHItpzYxHEJg6LRQpceqN5JPrCCYTCbdjviawiblicVyNUWczVmr64Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.3 连接线标志示例</span></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">电气图识读<span style="color: black;">需求</span>和<span style="color: black;">过程</span></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.读图的基本<span style="color: black;">需求</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)电气元器件是电路不可缺少的<span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在机床等机械设备的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>电路中,常用<span style="color: black;">各样</span>接触器、继电器和<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>开关等;在供电电路中,常用断路器、隔离开关、负荷开关、熔断器、互感器等;在电力电子电路中,常用<span style="color: black;">各样</span>晶体管、晶闸管和集成电路等。读者应<span style="color: black;">认识</span>这些电气元器件的性能、结构、原理、相互的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>关系及在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>电路中的地位和<span style="color: black;">功效</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)熟记并会用各个图形符号和文字符号</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电气简图用图形符号和文字符号及项目代号、接线端子标记等是电气技术文件的“词汇”,相当于写<span style="color: black;">文案</span>用的单词、词汇。“词汇”<span style="color: black;">把握</span>得越多、记得越牢,读图就越快捷、越方便。(树上鸟教育电气设计培训)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图形符号和文字符号<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,应该从个人专业出发先熟读背会各专业共用的和专业专用的图形符号,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>逐步扩大,<span style="color: black;">把握</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的符号,就能读<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>专业的电气技术文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)<span style="color: black;">把握</span>各类电气图的绘制特点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">各类电气图都有各自的绘制<span style="color: black;">办法</span>和绘制特点,<span style="color: black;">把握</span>了这些特点,并利用它就能<span style="color: black;">加强</span>读图效率,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>自己<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能设计和制图。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大型的电气图纸<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不只一张,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不只是一种图,因而读图时应将<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>的图纸联系起来,对照阅读。<span style="color: black;">例如</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>系统图、电路图找联系;<span style="color: black;">经过</span>接线图、<span style="color: black;">部署</span>图找位置,交错阅读收到事半功倍的效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)把电气图与土建图、管路图等对应起来读图</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电气施工<span style="color: black;">常常</span>与主体工程(土建工程)及其他工程、工艺管道、蒸汽管道、给排水管道、采暖通风管道、通信线路、机械设备等项安装工程<span style="color: black;">协同</span>进行。电气设备的<span style="color: black;">部署</span>与土建平面<span style="color: black;">部署</span>、立面<span style="color: black;">部署</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>;线路走向与建筑结构的梁、柱、门窗、楼板的位置<span style="color: black;">相关</span>;还与管道的规格、用途有关;安装<span style="color: black;">办法</span>又与墙体结构、楼板材料<span style="color: black;">相关</span>;<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>暗敷线路、电气设备<span style="color: black;">基本</span>及<span style="color: black;">各样</span>电气预埋件更与土建工程密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>阅读某些电气图要与<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的土建图、管路图及安装图对应起来看。(树上鸟教育电气设计培训)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(5)<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span>电气图的<span style="color: black;">相关</span>标准和规程</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">读图的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>目的是用来<span style="color: black;">指点</span>施工、安装,<span style="color: black;">指点</span>运行、维修和管理。<span style="color: black;">相关</span>技术<span style="color: black;">需求</span>不可能一一在图纸上反映出来、标注清楚,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>这些技术<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在<span style="color: black;">相关</span>的国家标准或技术规程、技术规范中已作了<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的规定。在读电气图时,还<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>这些<span style="color: black;">关联</span>标准、规程和规范,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>真正读懂电气图。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.读图的<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)详看图纸说明</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拿到图纸后,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要仔细阅读图纸的主标题栏和<span style="color: black;">相关</span>说明,如图纸目录、技术说明、元件明细表、施工说明书等,结合自己已有的电工知识,对该电气图的类型、性质、<span style="color: black;">功效</span>有一个<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的认识,从整体上理解图纸的概况和所要表述的重点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)阅读系统图和框图</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">系统图和框图是用符号或带注释的框概略<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>系统或分系统的基本<span style="color: black;">构成</span>、相互关系及其<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征的一种简图。 树上鸟教育电气设计培训 <span style="color: black;">因为</span>系统图和框图只是概略表示系统的<span style="color: black;">构成</span>、关系及特征,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>紧接着就要<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>阅读电路图,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>搞清它们的工作原理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">系统图或框图常用来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>工程或其中某一项目的供电方式和电能<span style="color: black;">传送</span>关系,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>某一<span style="color: black;">安装</span>或设备各<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分的关系。例如,图1.4所示为某变电所供电系统图,<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>该变电所把10kV电压<span style="color: black;">经过</span>变压器变换成380V电压,经断路器QF和母线后<span style="color: black;">经过</span>FU1、FU2、FU3分别供给3条支路。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzkpL5nLxrxHiaZrWzeVp44DSBfKWTEgtM9sDOwdpTfQMMwG6HkakDBlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.4 某变电所供电系统图</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">系统图和框图多采用单线图,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>某些 380/220V 低压配电系统概略图才部分地采用多线图<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(3)阅读电路图是读图的重点和难点</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电路图是电气图的核心,是内容最丰富、<span style="color: black;">亦</span>最难读懂的电气图纸。阅读电气图时,<span style="color: black;">首要</span>要看清图中有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>图形符号和文字符号,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>电路图各<span style="color: black;">构成</span>部分的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,分清主电路和辅助电路、交流回路和直流回路;其次,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>先看主电路、再看辅助电路的<span style="color: black;">次序</span>进行读图。树上鸟教育电气设计培训</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提示</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">看主电路时,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>要从下往上看,即先从用电设备<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,经<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>元件往电源端看;看辅助电路时,则自上而下、从左至右看,即先看主电源,再依次看各条回路,分析各条回路元件的工作<span style="color: black;">状况</span>及其对主电路的<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>关系,<span style="color: black;">重视</span>电气与机械<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的连接关系。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span>看主电路,要搞清电气负载是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>和电源连接的,电源都经过<span style="color: black;">那些</span>元件到达负载。<span style="color: black;">经过</span>看辅助电路,则应搞清辅助电路的回路<span style="color: black;">形成</span>,各元件之间的相互联系、<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>关系及其动作<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,还要<span style="color: black;">认识</span>辅助电路和主电路之间的相互关系,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>搞清楚<span style="color: black;">全部</span>电路的工作原理和来龙去脉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(4)电气图与接线图对照起来阅读</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接线图和电气图互相对照读图,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>搞清楚接线图。读接线图时,要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>端子标志、回路标号从电源端依次查下去,搞清楚线路走向和电路的连接<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,搞清楚<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>回路是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>各个元件<span style="color: black;">形成</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">配电盘(屏)内外线路相互连接<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>接线端子板。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,配电盘内有线号,而端子板上就有线号的接点,<span style="color: black;">外边</span>电路的线号只要在端子板的同号接点上接出<span style="color: black;">就可</span>。 树上鸟教育电气设计培训 <span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,看接线图时,要把配电盘(屏)内外的线路走向搞清楚,就<span style="color: black;">必要</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>搞清楚端子板的接线<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如,图1.5所示电气安装接线图中,标明了电源进线、按钮、位置开关、电动机、照明灯与机床电气安装板之间的连接关系;还标明了所用金属软管的直径、长度和导线根数、横截面积及颜色;<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>标明了它们与端子排之间对应的接线编号。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzQ3I5yUiaFOWhPtgicvv5K5SF1lqeFvpMA55cFRFlDTT0Hnl3O13FFtDw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.5 车间某动力设备电气安装接线图</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">住宅照明电气图的识读</h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.常用照明电气符号的识读</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图形符号及其标注符号应采用国家标准符号或国际电工委员会(IEC)的通用标准,设备文字符号标注应采用英文字头<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。电气照明施工图中常用的图形符号见表1.1。常用建筑图形符号见表1.2。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表1.1 电气照明施工图常用图形符号</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzkMTBn0ok3RLIwxMAhwP70OGzWh8E6gOCRyCrkucklKWSficd15bV2LQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表1.1</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">续表</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzYn9lzncRlQjeic0ExNm4ibYg0YYEE8UBKicLKK4tnQphcC6bq8JuunwBg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">表1.2 常用建筑图形符号</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzZ2EFaurlYs5T9x9FTfj10oOl1j8sO1uicJkR8WLcM3tH17oF0TXCgZg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表1.2</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">续表</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzVdE8vtQMDgzwIiaQXF8CGicXBaEnoTVoBXl112DSL0Ba57dHHxSwm58Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.常用照明电气图的识读</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">住宅照明线路图多以施工(安装)图的形式<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,有平面图和系统图两种。住宅照明的电源是取自供电系统的低压配电电路,即进户线穿过进户管后,先接入配电线(屏),再接到用户的分配电箱(屏),经电能表、刀开关或空气开关,最后接到灯具和其他用电设备上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了使每盏灯的工作不影响其他灯具(用电器),各条<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>电路均应并联连接在相线和中性线之间,并在各自<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>电路中串接单独<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>用的开关。为了<span style="color: black;">保准</span>用电安全,每条线路最多能安装 25 盏灯(每只插座<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>l盏灯具计算),并且电流<span style="color: black;">不可</span>超过15A,否则要相应减少灯具的盏数。树上鸟教育电气设计培训</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">住宅照明电气线路有明敷设和暗敷设两种。明敷设线路<span style="color: black;">通常</span>沿墙走,横平竖直比较规矩,其长度<span style="color: black;">通常</span>可参照建筑物平面图的尺寸来计算。暗敷设线路总以最短的距离到达灯具,其长度<span style="color: black;">常常</span>依据比例尺在建筑物平面图上量取计算。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.6所示为某住宅照明线路施工平面图。从图中<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看出,进线位置在纵向墙南往北第二道轴线处,在楼梯间有一个配电箱,室内有日光灯(荧光灯)、天棚座灯、墙壁座灯,楼梯间有吸顶灯、插座、开关及连接这些灯具的线路。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboALtIpIByUVy3hAw2T0sXHzbkShSWibAZ42bFpPO1eaGObA0I0yD0eaT9AKI6mQmibSYRTm2CTQ4b4w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">图1.6 某住宅照明线路施工平面图(1∶100)(单位:</span><span style="color: black;">mm)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">读图时应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>这些线路平面<span style="color: black;">实质</span>是在房间内的顶上部,沿墙的安装<span style="color: black;">需求</span>离地最少 2.5m,图中间位置的线路<span style="color: black;">实质</span>均装设在顶棚上,线路<span style="color: black;">经过</span>门时<span style="color: black;">实质</span>均在门框上部分,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>读图时应有这种想象。树上鸟教育电气设计培训</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>,图中的文字符号,如日光灯处所标</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/0AnIrUELiboAar1ESybGXak7blPB7S4qs7jqp59GtmW2Te0swwAl6ZLuiaicTFr85GxmaxlDZCfo2uv5mMCacian7g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">L,其含义是:分子<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>灯管功率为 40W,分母<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>灯具距地面高 2.5m,L <span style="color: black;">暗示</span>采用吊链式吊装。总线 BV-3×10+1×6 DG32,其含义是:3 根截面积为10mm2加1根截面积为6mm2的BV型铜芯电线,从墙中安装的、直径为32mm的管道<span style="color: black;">经过</span>。图中1:100<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>图纸与<span style="color: black;">实质</span>比例为1:100。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.7所示为三室一厅住宅单元的系统图和电气图。由图1.7(a)所示系统图可识读出:单元总线为2根16mm2加1根6mm2的BV型铜芯电线,设计<span style="color: black;">运用</span>功率为11.5kW,经空气开关(型号C45N/2P50A)<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>,安装管道直径为32mm。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.7(a)中:电气分8路<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>(其中1路在配电箱内备用),各由空气开关(型号为C45N/1P16A)<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>1路;每条支路有横截面积为2.5mm2的BV铜芯线3根,穿线管道直径为20mm;各支路设计<span style="color: black;">运用</span>功率分别为 2.5kW、1.5kW、1.1kW、2.0kW、1.0kW、1.5kW、3.0kW。在图中,标出了空调器插座、厨房冰箱插座、洗衣机插座及开关等电器元件距地面的安装技术数据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.7(b)中:有客厅1间、卧室3间、卫生间2间和厨房、储藏室各1间,共计8间;在门厅过道有配电箱1个,分8路(其中1路在配电箱内备用)引出;室内有天棚灯座(10处)、插座(20处)、开关及连接这些灯具(电器)的线路。 树上鸟教育电气设计培训 所有的开关和线路为暗敷设,并在线路上标出①~⑦字样,与图 1.7(a)系统图一一对应。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上电气图是常用的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>电气图,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>较<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的成套电气设备、智能化楼宇或<span style="color: black;">安装</span>,为了便于施工,应有局部的放大图、印制电路板图等。但有时为了安装技术的保密,只给出安装或系统的功能图、流程图、<span style="color: black;">规律</span>图等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">电气图<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种工程语言,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>在表达清楚的前提下,越简单越好,便于工程人员识读。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">图1.7 三室一厅住宅单元的系统图和电气图(单位:mm)</p>
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