玩转SOLIDWORKS的必要内功:机械传动基本原理
<img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/s7ju8RxWtnGA95wxFg6lqPrjibof3mTvdaY2w6EKpD5yal71mQEDxAScrHJ6WLDgEm48w7cPUdXNRiaZERShRibsA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">学好SOLIDWORKS这款软件是<span style="color: black;">必须</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>机械<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的,<span style="color: black;">持有</span>机械知识<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>对这款软件运用自如,今天跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>整理了一下机械传动的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>内容!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/s7ju8RxWtnH1fxLoSm4xvINiaXicFytVnibtk1dHn5Cf39LDAebr3D0oEWcaHoZf6Vxy2PUGico4GhyzJEIZ9uozVQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">基本概念</span></strong></span></p><span style="color: black;">机械传动在机械工程中应用非常广泛,<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>利用机械方式传递动力和运动的传动。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">机械传动有多种形式,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>可分为两类:</span><span style="color: black;">①靠机件间的摩擦力传递动力和运动的摩擦传动,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>带传动、绳传动和摩擦轮传动等。</span><span style="color: black;">摩擦传动容易实现无级变速,大都能适应轴间距<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的传动场合,过载打滑还能起到缓冲和<span style="color: black;">守护</span>传动<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,但这种传动<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>用于大功率的场合,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>准确的传动比。</span><span style="color: black;">②靠主动件与从动件啮合或借助中间件啮合传递动力或运动的啮合传动,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>齿轮传动、链传动、螺旋传动和谐波传动等。</span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">啮合传动能够用于大功率的场合,传动比准确,但<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高的制造精度和安装精度。</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">发展历史</span></strong></span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">机械传动<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>将动力所<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的运动的方式、方向或速度加以改变,被人们有目的地加以利用。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中国古代传动<span style="color: black;">公司</span>类型<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,应用很广,除了上面介绍的以外,像地动仪、鼓风机等等,都是机械传动<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的产物。中国古代传动<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有齿轮传动、绳带传动和链传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、齿轮传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">其<span style="color: black;">显现</span>时间不晚于西汉,西汉时的指南车、记里鼓车,东汉张衡发明的水力天文仪器上,都<span style="color: black;">运用</span>了相当<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的齿轮传动系统。这些齿轮只用来传递运动,强度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>不高。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">至于生产上所采用的齿轮,要传递<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的动力,受力<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">很强</span>,强度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高。古代在利用畜力、水力和风力进行提水、粮食加工等工作时,都要应用此类齿轮。例如在翻车上,须应用一级齿轮传动<span style="color: black;">公司</span>,以改变运动的方位和传递,适应翻车的工作<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、链传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在我国古代<span style="color: black;">显现</span>很早,商代的马具上已有青铜链条,其他青铜器和玉器上<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有用链条<span style="color: black;">做为</span>装饰的。西安出土的秦代铜车马上,有<span style="color: black;">非常</span>精美的金属链条。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但这都<span style="color: black;">不可</span>算是链传动。作为动力传动的链条,出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>东汉时期。东汉时毕岚率先发明翻车,用以引水。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>其工作原理和运动关系,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>看作是一种链传动。翻车的上、下链轮,一主动,一从动,绕在轮上的翻板<span style="color: black;">便是</span>传动链,这个传动链兼做提水的工作件,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,翻车是链传动的一种特例。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">到了宋代,苏颂制造的水运仪象台上,<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了一种“天梯”,<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上是一种铁链条,下横轴<span style="color: black;">经过</span>“天梯”带动上横轴,从而形<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>真正的链传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、绳带传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这是一种利用摩擦力的传动方式。在西汉时,四川出产井盐,在凿井、提水时,都是用牛带动大绳轮,收卷绕过滑轮上的绳索,来<span style="color: black;">提高</span>凿井工具、卤水等。西汉时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的手摇纺车,是一种典型的绳带传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在西汉时期的画像石上,有几幅手摇纺车图,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>清楚地看到:大绳轮主动,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>绳索带动纱锭,用手摇大绳轮旋转<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>,纱锭旋转几十周,效率很高。以后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的三锭、五锭的纺车,效率就更高了。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">元代的水运大纺车,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是用绳带传动的。东汉时,冶金手工业有一项重要发明“水排”,用于鼓风。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种绳带传动的工作原理是:水力推动卧式水轮旋转,水轮轴上装有大绳轮,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>绳带带动小绳轮,小绳轮轴上端曲柄随之旋转,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>连杆推动鼓风器鼓风。这种水排鼓风效力很高,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>抵得上几百匹马鼓风。它的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,标志着东汉时发达的机械<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在我国<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了,因而<span style="color: black;">道理</span><span style="color: black;">非常</span>重大。</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">传动方式<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span></strong></span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1 摩擦传动。2 链条传动。3 齿轮传动。4 皮带传动。5 蜗轮蜗杆传动。6 棘轮传动。7 曲轴连杆传动。8 气动传动。9 液压传动(液压刨)。10 万向节传动。11 钢丝索传动(电梯、起重机中应用最广)。12 联轴器传动。13 花键传动。</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">带传动</strong></span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">皮带传动</span><span style="color: black;">带传动是<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>中间挠性件的传动方式,在机械传动中应用较为<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是带传动中的V带传动,应用极为广泛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span> 带传动的类型</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">带传动是利用带<span style="color: black;">做为</span>中间挠性件来传递运动或动力的一种传动方式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按传动原理<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,带传动分为摩擦型(平带传动、V带传动等)和啮合型(同步带)两类。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>机械设备中应用的带传动以摩擦型带传动<span style="color: black;">占多数</span>,下面<span style="color: black;">重点</span>以V带传动为例介绍<span style="color: black;">相关</span>带传动的基本知识。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>带传动的基本原理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">传动带套在主动带轮1和从动带轮2上,对带施加<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的张紧力,带与带轮接触面之间就会产生正压力;主动轮转动时,依靠带和带轮之间的摩擦力来驱动从动轮转动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">带传动的基本原理是依靠带和带轮之间的摩擦力来传递运动和动力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>带传动的特点和传动比</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、带传动的特点</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因为</span>带富有弹性,并靠摩擦力进行传动,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>它<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>结构简单,传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>、噪声小,能缓冲吸振,过载时带会在带轮上打滑,对其他零件起过载<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>,适用于中心距<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的传动等优点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但带传动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不少缺点,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有:<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">保准</span>准确的传动比,传动效率低(约为0.90~0.94),带的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命短,不宜在高温、易燃以及有油和水的场合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、带传动的传动比</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">带传动中,主动轮转速 与从动轮转速 之比<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为传动比,用符号 <span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>常用带传动</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">常用的带传动有两种形式,即平带传动和V带传动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、平带传动</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">横剖面为扁平矩形,工作是环形内表面与带轮外表面接触。平带传动结构简单,平带较薄,挠曲性和扭转性好,因而适用于高速传动、平行轴间的交叉传动或交错轴间的半交叉传动</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、V带传动</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">横剖面为等腰梯形,工作时置于带轮槽之中,两侧面接触,产生摩擦力<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,传动能力较强。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>带传动的张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">带传动工作时,为使带<span style="color: black;">得到</span>所需的张紧力,两带轮的中心距应能<span style="color: black;">调节</span>;带在传动中<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>受拉力<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,必然会产生塑性变形而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>松弛现象,使其传动能力下降,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>带传动应有张紧<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。带传动的张紧<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>有<span style="color: black;">调节</span>中心距和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>张紧轮两种,其中它们各自又有<span style="color: black;">定时</span>张紧和自动张紧等<span style="color: black;">区别</span>形式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">6、</span>安装和<span style="color: black;">守护</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为<span style="color: black;">加强</span>V带传动的效率,延长V带的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命和<span style="color: black;">保证</span>带传动的正常运转,<span style="color: black;">必要</span>正确做好带传动<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的安装、维修与保养工作。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1、V带<span style="color: black;">必要</span>正确地安装在轮槽之中,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>以带的外边缘与轮缘平齐为准。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2、V带传动中两带轮的轴线要保持平行,且两轮相对应的V形槽的对<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>平面应重合。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3、拆、装V带时,应先调小两带轮中心距,避免硬撬而损坏V带或设备。套好带后,再将中心距调回到正确位置,带的松紧要适度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4、V带传动<span style="color: black;">必要</span>安装防护罩,防止因润滑油、切削液或其他杂物等飞溅到V带上而影响传动,并防止伤人事故的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5、对一组V带,损坏时<span style="color: black;">通常</span>要成组更换,新旧带<span style="color: black;">不可</span>混用。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">齿轮传动</strong></span><span style="color: black;">齿轮传动<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>分别安装在主动轴及从动轴上的两个齿轮相互啮合而成。齿轮传动是应用最多的一种传动形式。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>齿轮传动的基本特点</span><span style="color: black;">1、齿轮传递的功率和速度范围很大,功率可从很小到数十万千瓦,圆周速度可从很小到每秒一百多米以上。齿轮尺寸可从<span style="color: black;">少于</span>1mm到大于10m。</span><span style="color: black;">2、齿轮传动属于啮合传动,齿轮齿廓为特定曲线,瞬时传动比恒定,且传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>、<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">3、齿轮传动效率高,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命长。</span><span style="color: black;">4、齿轮种类繁多,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>满足<span style="color: black;">各样</span>传动形式的<span style="color: black;">必须</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">5、齿轮的制造和安装的精度<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较高。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>齿轮传动的<span style="color: black;">归类</span></span><span style="color: black;">齿轮的种类<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>按<span style="color: black;">区别</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">按啮合方式分,齿轮传动有外啮合传动和内啮合传动。</span><span style="color: black;">按齿轮的齿向<span style="color: black;">区别</span>分,齿轮传动有直齿圆柱齿轮传动;斜齿圆柱齿轮传动;人字齿圆柱齿轮传动和直齿锥齿轮传动。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>标准直齿圆柱齿轮传动</span><span style="color: black;">直齿圆柱齿轮传动是齿轮传动的最基本形式,它在机械传动<span style="color: black;">安装</span>中应用极为广泛。</span><span style="color: black;">齿线为分度圆直母线的圆柱齿轮<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为直齿圆柱齿轮,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>直齿轮。</span><span style="color: black;">直齿圆柱齿轮的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>参数</span><span style="color: black;">(1)齿数z 一个齿轮的轮齿总数<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为齿数。</span><span style="color: black;">(2)齿形角a</span><span style="color: black;">在端平面上,过端面齿廓与分度圆交点处的径向直线与齿廓在该点处的切线所夹的锐角<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为齿形角。</span><span style="color: black;">标准规定渐开线齿轮的标准齿形角a =20°。</span><span style="color: black;">(3)模数m</span><span style="color: black;">齿距p除以圆周率π所得的商<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为模数,模数的单位为mm,且<span style="color: black;">已然</span>标准化。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>其他类型齿轮传动</span><span style="color: black;">常用的齿轮传动除直齿圆柱齿轮传动外,还有斜齿圆柱齿轮传动、直齿锥齿轮传动和蜗杆传动等。</span><span style="color: black;">1、斜齿圆柱齿轮传动</span><span style="color: black;">齿线为螺旋线的圆柱齿轮<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为斜齿圆柱齿轮。</span><span style="color: black;">斜齿圆柱齿轮<span style="color: black;">按照</span>螺旋角的方向<span style="color: black;">区别</span>,分为左旋齿轮和右旋齿轮两种,其旋向可用右手法则来判断。伸出右手,手掌朝上,四指指向齿轮轴向方向,若齿向与拇指方向一致则为右旋,反之为左旋。</span><span style="color: black;">一对斜齿圆柱齿轮啮合时,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>轮齿在圆柱面上是螺旋<span style="color: black;">安置</span>的,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>两啮合轮齿齿面是<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>接触又逐步脱离的,而一对直齿圆柱齿轮啮合时,两啮合齿齿面是<span style="color: black;">同期</span>在齿向全长上接触,之后又<span style="color: black;">同期</span>脱离。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,斜齿圆柱齿轮传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>性好,冲击小,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是在高速重载下更为<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">斜齿圆柱齿轮传动适用于传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>性<span style="color: black;">需求</span>高的两平行轴之间的传动。</span><span style="color: black;">2、直齿锥齿轮传动</span><span style="color: black;">分度曲面为圆锥面的齿轮<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为锥齿轮,它是轮齿分布在圆锥面上的齿轮,当其齿向线是分度圆锥面的直母线时<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为直齿锥齿轮。</span><span style="color: black;">锥齿轮传动用于空间两相交轴之间的传动,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>多用于两轴垂直相交成90°的场合。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>齿轮的失效形式</span><span style="color: black;">齿轮在工作过程中<span style="color: black;">因为</span>某种<span style="color: black;">原由</span>而损坏,使其失去正常工作能力的现象<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为失效。齿轮的失效形式有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>种,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的失效形式有:</span><span style="color: black;">1、齿面磨损</span><span style="color: black;">齿轮在传动过程中,轮齿啮合表面间存在相对滑动。齿轮在受力<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,齿面间的相对滑动使齿面<span style="color: black;">出现</span>磨损。磨损会破坏齿面形状,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>传动不<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>;<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,磨损使轮齿变薄,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>齿侧间隙增大,轮齿强度降低。</span><span style="color: black;">齿面磨损是润滑<span style="color: black;">要求</span>差的开式齿轮传动(外露的齿轮传动)的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>失效形式,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是开式蜗杆传动的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>失效形式。</span><span style="color: black;">2、轮齿折断</span><span style="color: black;">齿轮在工作中,其轮齿的受力<span style="color: black;">情况</span>相当于悬臂梁,齿根处受到的弯矩最大,所产生的应力集中。</span><span style="color: black;">在啮合过程中,齿轮根部所受的弯矩是交替变化的,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,在该处最容易产生疲劳裂纹而使轮齿折断,轮齿的这种失效形式<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为轮齿的疲劳折断。齿轮的另一种折断是<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>过载或受到过大冲击载荷时的<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>折断,<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为过载折断。</span><span style="color: black;">3、轮齿塑性变形</span><span style="color: black;">在低速重载的工作<span style="color: black;">要求</span>下,齿轮的齿面承受很大的压力和摩擦力,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>这些力的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,材料较软的齿轮的局部齿面可能产生塑性流动,使齿面<span style="color: black;">显现</span>凹槽或<span style="color: black;">凸出</span>的棱台,从而破坏齿轮的齿廓形状,使齿轮丧失工作能力。齿轮的这种失效形式<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为轮齿的塑性变形。</span><span style="color: black;">4、齿面点蚀</span><span style="color: black;">齿轮工作时,当啮合表面反复受到接触挤压<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,且由此所产生的压力过大或<span style="color: black;">运用</span>时间过长时,齿面会产生细微的疲劳裂纹。</span><span style="color: black;">随着齿轮的连续工作,裂纹会沿表层<span style="color: black;">持续</span>扩大,使齿面出现小块金属剥落,形成麻点和斑坑。轮齿齿面<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的这种失效形式<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为齿面点蚀。严重的齿面点蚀会破坏齿轮轮齿的工作表面,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>传动不<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>,产生噪声,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>使齿轮失去工作能力。</span><span style="color: black;">齿面点蚀这种失效形式多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在润滑<span style="color: black;">要求</span>良好的闭式齿轮传动中。</span><span style="color: black;">5、齿面胶合</span><span style="color: black;">在高速重载的闭式齿轮传动中,齿面润滑较为困难,啮合面在重载<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下产生局部高温使其粘结在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,当齿轮继续运动时,会在较软的齿面上撕下部分金属材料而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>撕裂沟痕,这种<span style="color: black;">因为</span>齿面粘结和撕裂而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的失效<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为齿面胶合。</span><span style="color: black;">齿面<span style="color: black;">显现</span>胶合现象后,将严重损坏齿面而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>齿轮失效。闭式蜗杆传动中极易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>这种失效。</span>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">链传动</span></strong></span></h2><span style="color: black;">链传动<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>两个<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特殊齿形的的齿轮和一条闭合的链条所<span style="color: black;">构成</span>,工作时主动链轮的齿与链条的链节相啮合带动与链条相啮合的从动链轮传动。链条传动<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于传动比<span style="color: black;">需求</span>较准确,且两轴相距离较远,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>不宜采用齿轮的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">自动</span>车链轮链条传动原理。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>链传动的特点</span><span style="color: black;">1)能<span style="color: black;">保准</span>较精确的传动比(和皮带传动相比较)</span><span style="color: black;">2)<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在两轴中心距较远的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下传递动力(与齿轮传动相比)</span><span style="color: black;">3)只能用于平行轴间传动</span><span style="color: black;">4)链条磨损后,链节变长,容易产生脱链现象。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>滚子链</span><span style="color: black;">1、滚子链的结构</span><span style="color: black;">在机械传动中,常用的传动链是滚子链(<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>套筒滚子链)。滚子链由内链板1、外链板2、销轴3、套筒4和滚子5<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">滚子链的内链板与套筒、外链板与销轴分别采用过盈<span style="color: black;">协同</span>固定,销轴与套筒、滚子与套筒之间分别为间隙<span style="color: black;">协同</span>;各链节<span style="color: black;">能够</span>自由屈伸,滚子与套筒能相对转动。滚子链与链轮啮合时,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>滚子的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,将套筒与链轮齿直接接触的滑动摩擦转化为滚动摩擦,从而减小了链轮齿的磨损。</span><span style="color: black;">滚子链的长度用节数来<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>。为了使链条的两端便于连接,链节数应<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span>偶数,链接头处可用开口销或弹簧夹锁定。当链节数为奇数时,链接头需采用过渡链节,过渡链节不仅制造<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>传递能力低,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>应<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">2、滚子链的标记</span><span style="color: black;">滚子链是标准件,其标记为:</span><span style="color: black;">链号 — 排数 — 整链链节数 标准编号</span><span style="color: black;">标记示例</span><span style="color: black;">08A—1—88GB/T1243—1997<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>链号为08A(节距为12.70mm),单排,88节的滚子链。</span><span style="color: black;">3、链传动的<span style="color: black;">运用</span></span><span style="color: black;">(1)为<span style="color: black;">保准</span>链传动的正常工作,两链轮轴线应相互平行,且两链轮应<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>同 一铅垂平面内。</span><span style="color: black;">(2)为了<span style="color: black;">加强</span>链传动的质量和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>寿命,应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>进行润滑。</span><span style="color: black;">(3)链传动可不施加预紧力,必要时可采用张紧轮<span style="color: black;">安装</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">(4)为了安全和防尘,链传动应加装防护罩。</span>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">蜗轮蜗杆传动</span></strong></span></h2><span style="color: black;">当一个齿轮<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>一个或几个螺旋齿,并且与涡轮(类似于螺旋齿轮)啮合而<span style="color: black;">构成</span>交错轴传动时,这种传动<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为蜗杆传动。蜗轮蜗杆传动用于两轴交叉成90度,但彼此既不平行又不相交的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在蜗轮传动中,蜗杆是主动件,而蜗轮是被动件。</span><span style="color: black;">(1)蜗杆传动的特点</span><span style="color: black;">单级传动就能<span style="color: black;">得到</span>很大的传动比,结构紧凑,传动<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>,无噪声,但传动效率低。</span><span style="color: black;">(2)蜗杆传动中涡轮转向的判定</span><span style="color: black;">蜗杆传动中蜗杆、涡轮转向间的关系取决于两者间的相对位置、蜗杆的旋向及其旋转方向。</span><span style="color: black;">判断涡轮相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>蜗杆的转向用左手或右手法则,挡蜗杆为右旋(蜗杆<span style="color: black;">亦</span>分<span style="color: black;">上下</span>旋且判断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>与斜齿轮方向判断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>相同)时用右手法则,蜗杆为左旋时用左手法则。</span><span style="color: black;">弯曲四指,是之指向蜗杆的旋向方向(直箭头<span style="color: black;">暗示</span>蜗杆可见侧的圆周运动方向),则拇指的反方向<span style="color: black;">便是</span>涡轮相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>蜗杆的运动方向。</span>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">螺旋传动</strong></span></h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺旋传动是利用螺杆和螺母<span style="color: black;">构成</span>的螺旋副来实现传动<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于将回转运动变为直线运动,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>传递运动和动力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺旋传动的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1)传力螺旋:以传递动力为主,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>以较小的转矩产生<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的轴向推力,用于克服工作阻力。如<span style="color: black;">各样</span>起重或加压<span style="color: black;">安装</span>的螺旋。这种传力螺旋<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是承受很大的轴向力,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为简写工作,每次工作时间较短,工作速度<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不高。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2) 传导螺旋:以传递运动为主,有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>承受<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的轴向载荷。如机床进给<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的螺旋等。传导螺旋<span style="color: black;">重点</span>在较长的时间内连续工作,工作速度较高,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>较高的传动精度。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3)<span style="color: black;">调节</span>螺旋:以<span style="color: black;">调节</span>、固定零件的相对位置。如机床、仪器、及测试<span style="color: black;">安装</span>中的微调<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的螺旋。<span style="color: black;">调节</span>螺旋不经常转动,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>在空载下<span style="color: black;">调节</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">螺旋传动的特点:传动精度高、工作<span style="color: black;">安稳</span>无噪音,易于自锁,能传递<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的动力等特点。</span></p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">设计重点</span></strong></span></h2><span style="color: black;">当设计传动时,如传动的功率、传动比和工作<span style="color: black;">要求</span>已定,则<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的类型传动各有其优缺点。</span><span style="color: black;">1)功率和效率</span><span style="color: black;">各类传动所能传递的功率取决于其传动原理、承载能力、载荷分布、工作速度、制造精度、机械效率、发热<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">效率是评定传动性能的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指标之一。</span><span style="color: black;">2)速度</span><span style="color: black;">速度是传动的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>运动特性之一。<span style="color: black;">加强</span>传动速度是<span style="color: black;">设备</span>的重要发展方向。</span><span style="color: black;">3)外廓尺寸、质量、成本</span><span style="color: black;">传动的外廓尺寸和质量与功率和速度的<span style="color: black;">体积</span>密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与传动零件材料的力学性能<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">传动比是传动的运动特性之一。</span><span style="color: black;">成</span><span style="color: black;">本是<span style="color: black;">选取</span>传动类型时的重要经济指标。</span><span style="color: black;">以上<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>跟<span style="color: black;">大众</span>整理的关于机械传动方面的内容。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">光研科技近期推出了免费<span style="color: black;">SOLIDWORKS</span>公开课</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,欢迎<span style="color: black;">大众</span>关注。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>期待<span style="color: black;">大众</span></span><span style="color: black;">加入到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的SOLIDWORKS交流群</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(请先加<span style="color: black;">微X</span>:13382782332)</span></strong><span style="color: black;">进行技术交流,并下载课程讲义及素材,完善工作中<span style="color: black;">必须</span>技能。</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>您<span style="color: black;">必须</span>购买<span style="color: black;">SOLIDWORKS</span>等光机软件,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>扫扫下面的二维码填写<span style="color: black;">关联</span>需求进行咨询!</span></strong><span style="color: black;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">温馨提示:</strong></span></strong><span style="color: black;">寻找<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">SOLIDWORKS</span>内容<span style="color: black;">能够</span></span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">点击公众号菜单栏“<span style="color: black;">制品</span>中心”中的“SOLIDWORKS”</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>有<span style="color: black;">无</span>您<span style="color: black;">必须</span>学习的内容哦。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">·END·</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">—<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>,快分享给你的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>们吧—</span></strong></span><span style="color: black;">免责声明:编写或转载此文是为了传递<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的信息,为光电行业尽<span style="color: black;">有些</span>绵薄之力。若文字或<span style="color: black;">照片</span>侵犯了您的合法权益或有<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span>之处,请速与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>联系,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将<span style="color: black;">即时</span>更正删除。</span><span style="color: black;">联系邮箱:lm@focaloptics.com,欢迎<span style="color: black;">关联</span>行业<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>与<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>约稿。谢谢。</span>
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