一张图看懂外贸出口操作全流程!(外贸出口企业必要)
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">出口货物流程<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:报价、订货、付款方式、备货、包装、通关手续、装船、运输保险、提单、结汇。</strong></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://p3-sign.toutiaoimg.com/pgc-image/fb673a9e13644e498347a608e5445bcb~noop.image?_iz=58558&from=article.pc_detail&lk3s=953192f4&x-expires=1723305809&x-signature=DCRsvVpzP6WQ0YPtFo9G2hyIX88%3D" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1 报价</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在国际贸易的过程中,最先的<span style="color: black;">过程</span>是<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的询价、报价。其中,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>出口<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的报价<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>:<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的质量等级、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的规格型号、<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>有特殊包装<span style="color: black;">需求</span>、所购<span style="color: black;">制品</span>量的多少、交货期的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的运输方式、<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的材质等内容。比较常用的报价有:FOB船上交货、CNF成本加运费、CIF成本、保险费加运费等形式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2 订货</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">贸易双方就报价达成意向后,买方企业正式订货并就<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>事项与卖方企业进行协商,双方协商认可后,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">签定</span>《购货合同》。在<span style="color: black;">签定</span>《购货合同》过程中,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>对商品名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>、规格型号、数量、价格、包装、产地、装运期、付款<span style="color: black;">要求</span>、结算方式、索赔、仲裁等内容进行商谈,并将商谈后达成的协议写入《购货合同》。这标志着出口业务的正式<span style="color: black;">起始</span>。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">签定</span>购货合同一式两份由双方盖本<span style="color: black;">机构</span>公章生效,双方各<span style="color: black;">保留</span>一份。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3 付款方式</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">比较常用的国际付款方式有三种,即信用证付款方式、TT付款方式和直接付款方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.1 信用证付款</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">信用证分为光票信用证和跟单信用证两类。跟单信用证<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>附有指定单据的信用证,不附任何单据的信用证<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>光票信用证。简单地说,信用证是<span style="color: black;">保准</span>出口商收回货款的<span style="color: black;">保准</span>文件。请<span style="color: black;">重视</span>,出口货物的装运期限应在信用证的有效期限内进行,信用证交单期限<span style="color: black;">必要</span>不迟于信用证的有效日期内提交。国际贸易中以信用证为付款方式的<span style="color: black;">占多数</span>,信用证的开证日期应当<span style="color: black;">知道</span>、清楚、完整。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.2 TT付款</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TT付款方式是以外汇现金方式结算,由您的客户将款项汇至贵<span style="color: black;">机构</span>指定的外汇银行账号内,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>货到后一<span style="color: black;">定时</span>限内汇款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3.3 直接付款</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">指的是</span>买卖双方直接交货付款。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4 备货</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">备货在<span style="color: black;">全部</span>贸易流程中,起到举足轻重的重要地位,须<span style="color: black;">根据</span>合同逐一落实。备货的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>核对内容如下:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.货物品质、规格,应按合同的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>核实。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.货物数量:<span style="color: black;">保准</span>满足合同或信用证对数量的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.备货时间:应<span style="color: black;">按照</span>信用证规定,结合船期安排,以利于船货衔接。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5 包装</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>货物的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>来<span style="color: black;">选取</span>包装形式(如:纸箱、木箱、编织袋等)。<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的包装形式其包装<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有所<span style="color: black;">区别</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">通常</span>出口包装标准:<span style="color: black;">按照</span>贸易出口通用的标准进行包装。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.特殊出口包装标准:<span style="color: black;">按照</span>客户的特殊<span style="color: black;">需求</span>进行出口货物包装。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.货物的包装和唛头(运输标志):应进行认真<span style="color: black;">检测</span>核实,使之符合信用证的规定。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6 通关手续</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">通关手续极为烦琐又极其重要,如<span style="color: black;">不可</span>顺利通关则<span style="color: black;">没法</span>完成交易。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.属法定检验的出口商品须办出口商品检验证书。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>我国进出口商品检验工作<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有四个环节:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接受报验:报验<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>对外贸易关系人向商检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>报请检验。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">抽样:商检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>接受报验之后,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>派员赴货物堆存地点进行现场检验、鉴定。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">检验:商检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>接受报验之后,认真<span style="color: black;">科研</span>申报的检验项目,确定检验内容。并仔细审核合同(信用证)对品质、规格、包装的规定,弄清检验的依据,确定检验标准、<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。(检验<span style="color: black;">办法</span>有抽样检验,仪器分析检验;<span style="color: black;">理学</span>检验;感官检验;微生物检验等)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">签发证书:在出口方面,凡<span style="color: black;">加入</span>〖种类表〗内的出口商品,<span style="color: black;">做生意</span>检<span style="color: black;">公司</span>检验合格后,签发放行单(或在出口货物报关单上加盖放行章,以代替放行单)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.须由专业持有报关证人员,持箱单、发票、报关<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书、出口结汇核销单、出口货物合同副本、出口商品检验证书等文本去海关办理通关手续。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">箱单:由出口商<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的出口<span style="color: black;">制品</span>装箱明细。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发票:由出口商<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的出口<span style="color: black;">制品</span>证明。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">报关<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>书:<span style="color: black;">无</span>报关能力的单位或个人<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>报关代理行来报关的证明书。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">出口核销单:由出口单位到外汇局申领,指有出口能力的单位取得出口退税的一种单据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">商检证书:经过出入境检验检疫<span style="color: black;">分部</span>或其指定的检验<span style="color: black;">公司</span>检验合格后而得到的,是<span style="color: black;">各样</span>进出口商品检验证书、鉴定证书和其他证明书的统<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>。是对外贸易<span style="color: black;">相关</span>各方履行契约义务、处理索赔争、议和仲裁、诉讼举证,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>法律依据的有效证件,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是海关验放、征收关税和优惠减免关税的必要证明。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7 装船</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在货物装船过程中,您<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>货物的多少来决定装船方式,并<span style="color: black;">按照</span>《购货合同》所定的险种来进行投保。可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7.1、整装集装箱</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">集装箱(又<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>货柜)的种类:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1)按规格尺寸分:<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,国际上<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>的干货柜(DRYCONTAINER)有:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外尺寸为20英尺X8英尺X8英尺6吋,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>20尺货柜;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">40英尺X8英尺X8英尺6吋,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>40尺货柜; 及近年较多<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的40英尺X8英尺X9英尺6吋,简<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>40尺高柜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20尺柜:内容积为5.69米X2.13米X2.18米,配货毛重<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为17.5吨,体积为24-26立方米. 40尺柜:内容积为11.8米X2.13米X2.18米,配货毛重<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为22吨,体积为54立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">40尺高柜:内容积为11.8米X2.13米X2.72米.配货毛重<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为22吨,体积为68立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">45尺高柜:内容积为:13.58米X2.34米X2.71米,配货毛重<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为29吨,体积为86立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20尺开顶柜:内容积为5.89米X2.32米X2.31米,配货毛重20吨,体积31.5立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">40尺开顶柜:内容积为12.01米X2.33米X2.15米,配货毛重30.4吨,体积65立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20尺平底货柜:内容积5.85米X2.23米X2.15米,配货毛重23吨,体积28立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">40尺平底货柜:内容积12.05米X2.12米X1.96米,配货毛重36吨,体积50立方米.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2)按制箱材料分:有铝合金集装箱,钢板集装箱,纤维板集装箱,玻璃钢集装箱. (3)按用途分:有干集装箱;冷冻集装箱(REEFER CONTAINER);挂衣集装箱(DRESS HANGER CONTAINER);开顶集装箱(OPENTOP CONTAINER);框架集装箱(FLAT RACK CONTAINER);罐式集装箱(TANK CONTAINER).</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7.2、拼装集装箱</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拼装集装箱,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>按出口货物的体积货重量计算运费。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8 运输保险</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>双方在签定《购货合同》中已事先约定运输保险的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>事项。<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的保险有海洋货物运输保险、陆空邮货运输保险等。其中,海洋运输货物保险条款所承保的险别,分为基本险别和附加险别两类:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(1) 基本险别有<span style="color: black;">安全</span>险(Free from Paricular Average-F.P.A)、水渍险(With Average or With Particular Average-W.A or W.P.A)和一切险(All Risk-A.R.)三种。<span style="color: black;">安全</span>险的责任范围<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:<span style="color: black;">因为</span>海上自然灾害<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的货物全损;货物在装卸和转船过程中的整体灭失;<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>海损<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的牺牲、分担和救助<span style="color: black;">花费</span>;<span style="color: black;">因为</span>运输船只触礁、搁浅、沉没、碰撞、水灾、爆炸<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的货物全损和部分损失。水渍险是海洋运输保险的基本险之一。按中国人民保险<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的保险条款,其责任范围除了承担<span style="color: black;">安全</span>险所列各项<span style="color: black;">危害</span>外,还承担<span style="color: black;">卑劣</span>气候、雷电、海啸、洪水等自然灾害的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。一切险的承报保责任范围相当于水渍险和<span style="color: black;">通常</span>附加险的总和。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">(2) 附加险别。附加险别有<span style="color: black;">通常</span>附加险和<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>附加险两种类型。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>附加险有偷窃提货不着险、淡水雨淋险、抽窃短量险、渗漏险、破损破碎险、钩损险、混杂沾污险、包装破裂险、霉变险、受潮受热险、串味险等。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>附加险有战争险、罢工险等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9 提单</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提单是出口商办理完出口通关手续、海关放行后,由外运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>签出、供进口商提货、结汇所用单据。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">所签提单<span style="color: black;">按照</span>信用证所提<span style="color: black;">需求</span>份数签发,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>是三份。出口商留二份,办理退税等业务,一份寄给进口商用来办理提货等手续</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">进行海运货物时,进口商<span style="color: black;">必要</span>持正本提单、箱单、发票来提取货物。(须由出口商将正本提单、箱单、发票寄给进口商。)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">若是空运货物,则可直接用提单、箱单、发票的传真件来提取货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">10 结汇</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">出口货物装出之后,进出口<span style="color: black;">机构</span>即应<span style="color: black;">根据</span>信用证的规定,正确缮制(箱单、发票、提单、出口产地证明、出口结汇)等单据。在信用证规定的交单有效期内,递交银行办理议付结汇手续。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除采用信用证结汇外,其它付款的汇款方式<span style="color: black;">通常</span>有电汇(TELEGRAPHIC TRANSFER(T/T))、票汇(DEMAND DRAFT(D/D))、信汇(MAIL TRANDFER(M/T))等方式,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>电子化的高速发展,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>汇款<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>电汇方式。</p>
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感谢楼主分享,祝愿外链论坛越办越好! 感谢楼主的分享!我学到了很多。
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