人人必知的8种平常癌症筛查
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">【人人必知的8种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症筛查】</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">世界范围内，关于癌症筛查的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>，有的<span style="color: black;">已然</span>达成较广泛的共识，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有相应的筛查指南或专家共识。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症筛查是一种更专业、针对性更强的体检方式。<span style="color: black;">那些</span>人要做，要做<span style="color: black;">那些</span>项目，怎么做，都是有讲究的，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>正是其与<span style="color: black;">通常</span>健康体检的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>区别所在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、肺癌筛查：千万记住用CT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">X光片检测肺癌，由于其分辨率低，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>检出率比较低，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>胸部X光片<span style="color: black;">检测</span>诊断是肺癌，临床常常就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>到晚期了。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说，用X光片查肺癌，完全是在假装防癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用高清CT检测肺癌<span style="color: black;">因为</span>分辨率高，肺癌肿瘤在1厘米，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>0.8厘米时<span style="color: black;">就可</span>被查出。<span style="color: black;">意见</span>50岁以后的中老年人或有肺癌家族史的人，体检中把X光片换成CT。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，更<span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>用低剂量螺旋CT查肺癌，加上几个生物标记，检出率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>到90%以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、乳腺癌筛查：千万记住用乳腺钼靶</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些人认为CT是万能的，其实并非如此。当CT用于乳腺癌检测时，存在灵敏度不高，对乳腺的特异性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不强的劣势。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span>会用红外线检测乳腺<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，这个<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>红外线检测不是按国际标准，<span style="color: black;">设备</span>的性能差、灵敏度低、误差大，并且<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的主观判断强，<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>的大医院里都<span style="color: black;">不消</span>这个<span style="color: black;">办法</span>做检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查，<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>乳腺钼靶照片来判断。相<span style="color: black;">针对</span>乳腺CT，核磁<span style="color: black;">检测</span>效果<span style="color: black;">显著</span>更好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、宫颈癌筛查：千万记住用TCT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人一说<span style="color: black;">检测</span>宫颈癌，<span style="color: black;">首要</span>想到的是HPV<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，其实HPV是对病因的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。真正有效<span style="color: black;">检测</span>宫颈癌的是TCT<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TCT即液基薄层细胞检测，与传统的宫颈刮片巴氏涂片<span style="color: black;">检测</span>相比，<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">加强</span>了标本的满意度及宫颈<span style="color: black;">反常</span>细胞检出率，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>应用于临床。TCT宫颈防癌筛查对宫颈癌细胞的检出率能达到90%以上，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>还能<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌前病变，微生物感染如霉菌、滴虫、衣原体等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、前列腺癌筛查：千万记住做PSA筛查</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">体检中除了<span style="color: black;">大众</span>平时熟悉的腹部彩超。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，腹部彩超却<span style="color: black;">基本</span>查不出<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的前列腺癌，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>连确诊<span style="color: black;">功效</span>都<span style="color: black;">无</span>。筛查前列腺癌，最好的<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>PSA前列腺特异性抗原！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">50岁以上的男性，用前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）项目来排查前列腺癌。PSA价钱更加<span style="color: black;">优惠</span>，是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>筛查前列腺癌特异性的最方便、<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、食管癌筛查：千万记住做内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">说到</span>食管癌，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>该做什么<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。做好的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>做内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>对食管癌高危人群先做普通内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，并行食管黏膜碘染色或电子染色内镜等精查，如内镜下<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可疑病灶，则<span style="color: black;">定时</span>随访；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如内镜下<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可疑病灶，则进行活检病理，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>不同的病理结果采取相应随访复查和处理<span style="color: black;">方法</span>，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>轻度异型增生<span style="color: black;">意见</span>3年随访一次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、胃癌筛查：千万记住做胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌的筛查<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，其他<span style="color: black;">办法</span>检出率都很低。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">胃癌高危人群可<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>直接进行胃镜筛查。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>胃镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可疑病灶，则取活检送病理学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，后续<span style="color: black;">按照</span>活检病理结果采取相应的随访复查和处理<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、结直肠癌筛查：千万记住做肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌筛查最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。在<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>体检中，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人最不愿意做肠镜，<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会忽略。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">45~75岁：粪便免疫化学<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（每年）；或高灵敏度愈创木脂粪便隐血<span style="color: black;">实验</span>（每年）；或多靶点粪便DNA检测（（每3年））；结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（每10年）；或CT结肠<span style="color: black;">影像</span>（每5年）；或软式乙状结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（每5年）。非结肠镜筛查<span style="color: black;">实验</span>的所有阳性结果都应<span style="color: black;">即时</span>进行结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。健康<span style="color: black;">情况</span>良好，预期寿命大于10年的成年人应继续筛查至75岁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8、肝癌筛查：千万记住甲胎蛋白+<span style="color: black;">彩超</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人体检时都会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>做腹部<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>，以为<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>查出肝部问题，其实很容易漏诊。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高危人群（乙肝病毒和/或丙肝病毒感染、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>酗酒、非酒精脂肪性肝炎、食用被黄曲霉毒素污染<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、<span style="color: black;">各样</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的肝硬化、以及有肝癌家族史等），年龄40岁以上，<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>每半年筛查一次，国内<span style="color: black;">都数</span>专家<span style="color: black;">意见</span>联合甲胎蛋白检测和肝脏超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>对肝癌高危人群进行<span style="color: black;">定时</span>筛查，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>CT或磁共振<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">怕找不回<span style="color: black;">能够</span>先<span style="color: black;">保藏</span>起来，慢慢看，<span style="color: black;">检测</span>时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对比一下。</p>
你字句如珍珠，我珍藏这份情。
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