北大肿瘤医院赵军教授:NGS检测与非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的“不解之缘”
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">靶向治疗大幅<span style="color: black;">加强</span>非小细胞肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(NSCLC)获益水平,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>进入临床一线治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。高通量测序技术(NGS)因其能够一次性检测成百上千个基因及其变异位点,且检测灵敏度和特异性高,<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>肿瘤临床<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>制定靶向治疗策略的好<span style="color: black;">助手</span>。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>NGS检测是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">保证</span>NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行靶向治疗,实现最大获益呢?</span><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">继上期专访</span></a>北大肿瘤医院卓明磊教授<span style="color: black;">后</span><span style="color: black;">,本期吉因加特邀北京大学肿瘤医院胸部肿瘤内一科赵军教授,<strong style="color: blue;">介绍NGS检测在NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>靶药<span style="color: black;">选取</span>、后续疗效监测及耐药后治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>制定等不同<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的应用</strong>。吉因加衷心地<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>临床专家的<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>讲解,能为NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>及其家人指点迷津,选好平台,用准药!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">↓点击视频观看赵军教授精彩讲解</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SadB52BJFOYH6bPSN5ibeMsfcMyBwl4ib0oG7ib8wl1HIibviblWPy2F0liarhtia8276ib1QzicTS5DplnjNa27icGsHKTg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>0<span style="color: black;">1</span>NGS检测使靶向治疗有的放矢<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">EGFR</span><span style="color: black;">突变、ALK融合、ROS1重排是<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>驱动基因变异。临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,相比传统化疗,携带驱动基因变异的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行靶向治疗,<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期会<span style="color: black;">明显</span>延长。美国NCCN指南<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>,需对NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>进行EGFR、ALK、ROS1、BRAF、NTRK等基因检测。这<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>NSCLC初治<span style="color: black;">病人</span>临床诊疗的常规<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。相应的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗缓解率大部分在60%-80%,效果<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。然而,不同<span style="color: black;">病人</span>携带的驱动基因<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不同,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>对症下药,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>事半功倍。正如上文所述,NGS检测能够一次性检测成百上千个基因及其变异位点。即便是频率<span style="color: black;">小于</span>1%的NTRK变异携带<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>NGS检测实现获益。简而言之,NGS检测能够检出靶向药所有已知的基因变异,<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>快速找到靶药,<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span>病情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SadB52BJFOYLibBCAGibjkQAWRan4tBG3aZdHvyKgZK6tlj4qwgoNkyS5e0JAQhsQbWmWbGibSNWMMWjRO79qbJuQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不同靶向治疗方式及其缓解率</span></p>02<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">携带EGFR变异的NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>用药<span style="color: black;">选取</span></span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">EGFR</span><span style="color: black;">变异在NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>,其靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>EGFR-TKI能够阻断EGFR信号通路,<span style="color: black;">控制</span>肿瘤生长。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,EGFR-TKI有多种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>上市或正在审批中,以易瑞沙为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的一代TKI,以阿法替尼为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的二代TKI,以奥希替尼为<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的三代TKI。与化疗相比,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>缓解率高,见效快。采用EGFR-TKI治疗的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>有更长的<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>期(PFS)。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,不同的靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>针对不同的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>,会有不同的治疗效果。FLAURA临床研究<span style="color: black;">显示</span>,奥希替尼比吉非替尼PFS延长约8-9个月。针对脑转移<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,奥希替尼表现更优,PFS约为15个月,比一代EGFR-TKI长半年<span style="color: black;">上下</span>。针对EGFR的罕见位点变异,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>突变频率仅有3%的EGFR18外显子突变,临床数据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>二代EGFR-TKI阿法替尼缓解率更好,优于一代EGFR-TKI。</span></p>03<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>基因变异影响EGFR-TKI疗效</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>基因突变可能会影响EGFR-TKI靶向治疗效果。例如BIM缺失多态性。它在EGFR-TKI<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>人群中<span style="color: black;">出现</span>概率约为15%,提示更短的PFS,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是非韩国人。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,在进行EGFR-TKI治疗前,进行BIM缺失多态性检测非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。BENEFIT临床<span style="color: black;">科研</span>,将NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>分为仅EGFR突变组、EGFR突变+抑癌基因突变组、EGFR突变+其他驱动基因突变组三组,进行吉非替尼治疗,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>仅EGFR突变组疗效组好,其次是EGFR突变+抑癌基因突变组,最差是EGFR突变+其他驱动基因突变组。吉因加数据库统计结果,大<span style="color: black;">大概</span>65%的中国肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>存在EGFR<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>突变,其中TP53<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>突变近60%,BIM多态性缺失等其他基因<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不到5%<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的可能性。这些突变组合给靶向治疗带来不良后果,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>全面的多基因检测更能够预测EGFR-TKI治疗疗效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SadB52BJFOYLibBCAGibjkQAWRan4tBG3aCQOXnVQhhl1DjTT7Bapo4OLFxsich7m5vShb2R7TNxHu9vPmY0r7CTg/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉非替尼治疗后,携带不同变异的NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的治疗疗效</span></p>04NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>耐药及后续<span style="color: black;">方法</span>制定<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在不同的治疗<span style="color: black;">周期</span>产生的耐药后,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>再次进行基因检测来<span style="color: black;">知道</span>耐药机制。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,一代EGFR-TKI治疗耐药以后,最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的突变为T790M,还会有cMET扩增、BRAF突变、HER2突变以及小细胞类型转变等,采取相应的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。三代EGFR-TKI耐药后,会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>T790M<span style="color: black;">可否</span>存在,<span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">方法</span>。若T790M存在,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>肿瘤生长仍依赖EGFR信号通路。若T790M消失,<span style="color: black;">显示</span>其他旁路基因被激活。如图所示,采用一代、二代TKI治疗耐药后,T790M检测阳性,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>奥希替尼。奥希替尼治疗后,<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>脱靶,<span style="color: black;">选取</span>治疗,若<span style="color: black;">显现</span>C797S反式突变,EGFR-TKI联合治疗仍旧有效,若为C797S顺式突变,<span style="color: black;">或</span>细胞类型转换,需进行相应的化疗。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,一代TKI耐药后,T790M突变检出与否非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。当然针对旁路突变<span style="color: black;">或</span>孤立病灶,局部治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SadB52BJFOYLibBCAGibjkQAWRan4tBG3aujCia0sKzMPkYURwIHON7bRG0s7LCQD6aReowskhX89UpJj0ibUBwnhA/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">携带EGFR突变</span>NSCLC<span style="color: black;">病人</span>一线治疗后,耐药<span style="color: black;">原由</span>分析及治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span></span></p>05NGS检测的<span style="color: black;">优良</span>所在<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">中国原发肺癌诊疗规范<span style="color: black;">知道</span>,针对EGFR突变,常用的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>为ARMs,ALK融合,采用Ventana免疫组化进行检测,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>难以获取组织<span style="color: black;">或</span>组织过少<span style="color: black;">没</span>法进行基因检测的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,血液检测是<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>。NGS检测不仅<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行单基因还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行多基因平行检测,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">伴同</span>基因突变,从而预测EGFR-TKI疗效起到非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。如表所示,IHC<span style="color: black;">重点</span>针对组织,NGS既<span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行组织,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>进行血液检测,能够检测多基因、多位点、多变异类型,且检出下限低,<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>度高,更好地服务于临床应用。临床上,大概有1/3的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法获取组织学样本,尤其耐药后,标本较小,取材困难,<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>血液检测。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>,血液检测还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>更广泛地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>肿瘤的异质性,动态监测肿瘤的耐药<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。在血液检测方面,ddPCR、NGS因其特异性和<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性都很高,受到临床的欢迎。比较两者的T790M检测率,NGS检测略胜一筹。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/SadB52BJFOYLibBCAGibjkQAWRan4tBG3aFj0QQ7XsBtvibN4LMaXZc8HzicwnBFUTtxh6Z9rVbhZwickVDbAwOQ0mw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">NGS、PCR、IHC、FISH不同肿瘤基因检测技术比较</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">吉因加科技</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">吉因加聚焦肿瘤<span style="color: black;">精细</span>防治大需求,基于NGS检测和肿瘤基因大数据两大平台,布局肿瘤防治全链条,<span style="color: black;">创立</span>临床基因检测服务、医疗器械制造、<span style="color: black;">研究</span>合作服务、健康人肿瘤防治四大业务方向,致力<span style="color: black;">作为</span>中国肿瘤<span style="color: black;">精细</span>防治的引领者。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/SadB52BJFObib777e5uN3Eb9uclojfLVKOZ1RoRwQDzxzAKHdV9kbFJm52IqgWtswZWHXjN8EibA436f7McX3t1w/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">www.geneplus.org.cn</span></p>
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