潘静教授：这4种癌症初期筛查，必定要引起注意！
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在现代社会，体检<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>许多人关注健康的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>手段。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在体检时常常<span style="color: black;">意见</span>进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症筛查，以期在<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症或癌前病变，从而实现早诊早治。然而，癌症筛查项目繁多，<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>适合自己的筛查项目<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>问题。潘静教授在肿瘤治疗<span style="color: black;">行业</span>有着丰富经验，今天她将为<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">仔细</span>介绍肺癌、乳腺癌、宫颈癌和结直肠癌这四种癌症的筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和<span style="color: black;">注意</span>癌症筛查。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 筛查人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌是发病率和死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群更<span style="color: black;">必须</span>关注筛查。高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟者（吸烟包年数≥30包年）、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>被动吸烟者、职业暴露史超过1年者、有肺癌家族史者以及<span style="color: black;">身患</span>慢性肺病如COPD或弥漫性肺纤维化病史者。筛查的<span style="color: black;">初始</span>年龄<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>50岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>可适当提前至45岁或40岁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群每年进行一次胸部低剂量螺旋CT（LDCT）筛查，而不是胸部X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。LDCT能够更灵敏地<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肺癌，从而实现<span style="color: black;">初期</span>治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 筛查人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌是女性最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的恶性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群（除了高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群以外的所有适龄女性）和高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群（<span style="color: black;">包含</span>有遗传家族史、既往接受过胸部放疗以及有乳腺导管或小叶不典型增<span style="color: black;">患病</span>史的女性）都适合进行乳腺癌筛查。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>40岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>筛查，高危人群可提前至40岁以下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>每12年进行一次筛查，可<span style="color: black;">选取</span>乳腺X线摄影（钼靶）或乳腺超声；<span style="color: black;">针对</span>致密型乳腺，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>这两种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每年进行一次乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，每612个月进行一次乳腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，并结合<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>视诊触诊。必要时可联合乳腺<span style="color: black;">加强</span>磁共振进行筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">宫颈癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 筛查人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">宫颈癌<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染<span style="color: black;">导致</span>，接种HPV疫苗是预防宫颈癌的有效<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，但仍需进行筛查。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>女性25岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>宫颈癌筛查。高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>多性伴史、过早性生活史、感染艾滋病毒（HIV）、吸烟等，需提前筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>为宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（TCT）和HPV核酸检测。25~64岁女性<span style="color: black;">意见</span>每5年进行一次HPV核酸检测或每3年进行一次宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。65岁以上女性<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有充分的阴性筛查记录，<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>停止筛查，否则仍需<span style="color: black;">定时</span>筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结直肠癌筛查</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 筛查人群：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌是<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的消化道恶性肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群<span style="color: black;">意见</span>从40岁起进行<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">评定</span>，50到75岁接受筛查；高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群（如有家族史或<span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>不愈的炎症性肠病者）<span style="color: black;">意见</span>40到75岁接受筛查。遗传性高危人群如林奇<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>需从20~25岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 筛查<span style="color: black;">办法</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>每5~10年进行一次高质量结肠镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，或每年一次FIT（粪便免疫化学检测）。其他<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">包含</span>乙状结肠镜、结肠CT<span style="color: black;">影像</span>技术以及多靶点粪便FIT-DNA检测。筛查结果<span style="color: black;">反常</span>者需进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>处理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症筛查能够<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌症，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>治愈率，改善预后。然而，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需<span style="color: black;">重视</span>筛查的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>效应，如CT辐射、假阳性结果等。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，筛查前需进行必要的<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，结合个人<span style="color: black;">状况</span>制定筛查计划，最大限度减少不良影响。<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>这篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>能更好地<span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌症筛查的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性，积极进行科学<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的筛查。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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