最全肿瘤标志物Tips
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">世界卫生组织指出，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断并<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗，大部分的肿瘤是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>治愈的。而早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>是<span style="color: black;">处理</span>癌症防与治的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>中的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标志物在1978年就被<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了，它<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在血液、体液及组织中可检测到的与肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的物质，达到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>水平时，可反映某些肿瘤的存在。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">此刻</span>肿瘤标志物检测，是<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>症状微灶肿瘤的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>途径。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肿瘤标志物有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>什么检测<span style="color: black;">道理</span>呢？</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-e3a2666c6091c2512becbef488745cc3_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当前<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的肿瘤标志物：</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-3a068e38285781087a831827d5f4a292_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤标志物组合筛查</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>哪一种肿瘤标志物的准确率能达到100%准确，一种肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能与多种肿瘤<span style="color: black;">关联</span>，临床上常采用组合筛查的方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 肿瘤普查四项：AFP、CEA、Fer、β2-MG</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 肿瘤三项：AFP、CEA、CA199</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 妇科肿瘤五项：AFP、CEA、CA125、CA153、CA199</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. 卵巢癌二项：CA125、CEA</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 乳腺癌二项：CA153、CA199</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6. 消化道肿瘤六项：AFP、CEA、CA199、CA242、CA724、CA50</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7. 肝胆肿瘤五项：AFP、CEA、CA199、CA125、CA50</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8. 胃癌三项：CEA、CA724、CA199</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9. 肺癌三项：CEA、NSE、CYFRA211</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10. 前列腺癌三项：PSA、FPSA、PAP</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11. 前列腺癌两项：PSA、FPSA</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最广谱的指标：癌胚抗原（CEA）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌胚抗原可谓是最广谱的指标，它的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>可见于结/直肠癌、胃癌、肺癌、胰腺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>泌尿系肿瘤如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、子宫及子宫颈癌等，其他恶性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有不同程度的阳性率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，肝硬化、肝炎、肺气肿、肠道憩室、直肠息肉、结肠炎等良性病<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>CEA<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，胸腔积液、腹水、消化液、分泌物中的CEA常常<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">约33%的吸烟人群的CEA会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肝癌：甲胎蛋白（AFP）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">甲胎蛋白是一个古老但优秀的肿瘤标志物，在原发性肝癌中特异性很高，阳性率达70%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>有乙肝病史、肝脏有包块、AFP＞400ng/ml且<span style="color: black;">连续</span>1个月，则很可能为肝癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除肝癌之外，内胚窦癌、畸胎瘤、睾丸癌、卵巢癌、胃癌伴肝转移者AFP<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">病毒性肝炎、肝硬化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>绝大部分<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>AFP<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，但不会超过400ng/ml。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卵巢癌：糖类抗原125（CA125）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖类抗原125在临床上最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的<span style="color: black;">道理</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>反映卵巢癌，阳性率达61.4%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>CA125是判断卵巢癌疗效和复发的良好指标，治疗有效时CA125下降，复发则CA125<span style="color: black;">上升</span>先于症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CA125于其他恶性肿瘤如宫颈癌、宮体癌、子宫内膜癌等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的阳性率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">消化系统：糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖类抗原19-9是消化系统肿瘤中一个<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的指标，在胰腺癌、胆囊癌、胆管壶腹癌中，CA19-9<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">上升</span>，尤其是胰腺癌，晚期阳性率<span style="color: black;">达到</span>75%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，胃癌、结/直肠癌、肝癌中CA19-9阳性率大约为50%、60%、65%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是，急性胰腺炎、胆囊炎、胆汁淤积性胆囊炎、肝炎、肝硬化等<span style="color: black;">有些</span>消化道炎症中，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能会使CA19-9有不同程度的<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌：糖类抗原15-3（CA15-3）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">CA15-3在乳腺癌诊断方面有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。在乳腺癌初期的<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性较低，为30%，于乳腺癌晚期<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性高达80%。对乳腺癌的疗效观察、预后判断、复发和转移的诊断有<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的价值。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖类抗原50（CA50）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖类抗原50<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一个非常广谱的肿瘤标志物，肝、肺、胃、结/直肠、胰腺、胆囊、肾、子宫、卵巢、乳腺、膀胱、前列腺癌、淋巴瘤、黑色素瘤中都有<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在肺炎、肾炎、胰腺炎、结肠炎等某些感染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某些溃疡性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>、<span style="color: black;">自己</span>免疫性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有CA50<span style="color: black;">上升</span>的现象。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>看待肿瘤标志物检测结果?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 肿瘤标志物的检测结果仅用于参考，<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的诊断还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>结合<span style="color: black;">关联</span>影像学或病理学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 肿瘤标志物检测呈阳性不<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>肿瘤，而仅仅是一种提示和信号，许多其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿瘤指标的<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 当然，肿瘤标志物检测呈阴性<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>100%确定安然<span style="color: black;">没</span>恙，在肿瘤较小，<span style="color: black;">或</span>肿瘤组织表面被封闭等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>标志物检测不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，肿瘤标志物检测结果阴性但有肿瘤警告信号者仍需做进一步的防癌<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5种人需<span style="color: black;">定时</span>做肿瘤标志物筛查：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1. 40岁以上人群；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2. 身体<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了“癌症信号”者；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3. 严重污染厂矿<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的从业者；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4. <span style="color: black;">长时间</span>接触致癌物质人群；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5. 癌症高发区或有癌症家族史的人群。</p>
同意、说得对、没错、我也是这么想的等。 你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，期待更多交流。
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