女生平常的六大癌症筛查指南!
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近年来,随着女性的文化水平<span style="color: black;">加强</span>和收入<span style="color: black;">加强</span>,越来越多女性追求高质量高品味的生活。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">自己</span>的健康,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>越来越关注,如有不适时,会尽快到医院做<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>女性,不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>到底要<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">那些</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span>说<span style="color: black;">那些</span>人群比较容易患病等,故此今天<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>梳理了以下女生最该做的癌症筛查<span style="color: black;">名单</span>,<span style="color: black;">详细</span>内容详见下面:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01</strong><strong style="color: blue;">宫颈癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240416/9608424ea7814ff095f8d4aa4cb65174.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①多个性伴侣;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②性生活过早;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③<span style="color: black;">身体</span>激素<span style="color: black;">错乱</span>等;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①有三年以上性生活史或年满21岁有性生活的女性可<span style="color: black;">起始</span>进行宫颈筛查;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<30岁:每3年1次宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③≥30岁:每3年1次宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和高危HPV检测初始结果均为(-) ,可每5年1次联合检测;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:</strong>宫颈细胞学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>(TCT/LCT)或巴氏涂片和高危HPV感染检测;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02</strong><strong style="color: blue;">乳腺癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240416/17370d43dc49472c975a4257ea986b8c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">针对</span>直系亲属例如:父母、子女、姐妹,有乳腺癌家族史者</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②有乳腺癌病史的女性</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③初期育龄大于30岁以上或<span style="color: black;">无</span>母乳喂养者</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④经常生气者、有乳腺结节或增生进行一步恶化者</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">-般<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①18岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>: 1次/月乳房自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②26岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>: +1次/年临床乳腺<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③41<span style="color: black;">起始</span>: +1次/年进行乳腺影像<span style="color: black;">检测</span>例如:首选乳腺超声或乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>等;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④70岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>: +有症状或可疑体征时进行影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①18岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span>:<span style="color: black;">定时</span>乳房自我<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②2~29岁: +临床乳腺<span style="color: black;">检测</span>(1次/6~ 12个月) ,+1次/年乳腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③30~75岁:乳腺超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span>改为1次/6个月, +1次/年乳腺X线或乳腺MRI(不携带乳腺癌易感基因的,50岁以后1次/年乳腺X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,必要时<span style="color: black;">增多</span>乳腺MR<span style="color: black;">检测</span>);</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④75岁以上:<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>个体化筛查<span style="color: black;">方法</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:</strong>乳腺<span style="color: black;">彩超</span>、乳腺X线、乳腺MRI;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03</strong><strong style="color: blue;">食管癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240416/c700a37baee342a68eee5eb59e36205e.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">年龄≥45岁,且符合以下任意一项:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>居住于食管癌高发地区;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②一级亲属中有食管癌<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>史;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③<span style="color: black;">身患</span>食管癌前<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>或癌前病变;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④有吸烟、饮酒、热烫<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>等生活和<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①45岁起至75岁或预期寿命<5年时终止筛查;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②高<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群每5年进行1次<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:</strong>食管内镜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04</strong><strong style="color: blue;">胃癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240416/ed40c6eec7424010b7aaf5390feb0490.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">位置于</span>年龄45岁及以上者,出以有以下<span style="color: black;">状况</span>之一者:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>居住于胃癌高发区;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②幽门螺杆菌感染;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③存在慢性萎缩性胃炎或胃溃疡、胃息肉、恶性贫血等胃癌前<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>之一者;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④一级亲属有胃癌病史;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤平时<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>高盐、不<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的腌制品、<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟者;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">45岁至75岁或预期寿命<5年时终止筛查</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>新型胃癌筛查评分系统,分为胃癌高危、中危和低危人群,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>相应每1年、每2年和每3年1次<span style="color: black;">检测</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:</strong>食管内镜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">05</strong><strong style="color: blue;">肝癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240416/e337755a5eab4a8eaa235da5dd7bc296.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①存在肝功能<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>者,例如酒精性肝病、脂肪肝、肝纤维化、硬化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②乙肝或(和)丙肝慢性感染且年龄≥40岁者;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①40岁~74岁或预期寿命<5年时终止;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">针对</span>有肝硬化<span style="color: black;">病人</span>筛查时<span style="color: black;">没</span>年龄特定<span style="color: black;">需求</span>;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③慢性肝病(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>肝硬化、慢性肝炎等)<span style="color: black;">病人</span>监测间隔有6个月、12个月及以上,以6个月多见</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:腹部超声+甲胎蛋白</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">06</strong><strong style="color: blue;">肺癌</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240416/976a22c30ad0497b93d602444b76d18c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">高危<span style="color: black;">原因</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">年龄介于45岁及以上者,存在以下情形者:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①有<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>吸烟史者或被动吸烟者(二手烟);</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②工业污染<span style="color: black;">或</span>从事化工作业者、有尘肺病、肺结核病、营养不良者;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③有直系亲属确诊肺癌;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">筛查次数和时间</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">50~74岁的高危人群1年1次<strong style="color: blue;">;</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">检测</span>项目:</strong>低剂量螺旋CT</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">结语:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着环境的污染,食品安全的隐患,加上生活压力大,<span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>规律,<span style="color: black;">心情</span>波动大等<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,致使<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>患癌的人数在<span style="color: black;">提升</span>,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>中,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>要劳逸结合,该<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时好好<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>,<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不要熬夜,多吃<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>果蔬,<span style="color: black;">定时</span>身体<span style="color: black;">检测</span>等,做好早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早治疗、早<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考文献:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赵昀,魏丽惠.CSCCP关于中国宫颈癌筛查及<span style="color: black;">反常</span>管理<span style="color: black;">关联</span>问题专家共识<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>.实用妇产科杂志,2018,34(02):101-104.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">沈松杰,孙强,黄欣等.中国女性乳腺癌筛查指南(2022年版).中国<span style="color: black;">科研</span>型医院,2022,9(02):6-13.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赫捷,陈万青,李兆申等.中国胃癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2022,北京).中国肿瘤,2022,31(07):488-527.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赫捷,陈万青,沈洪兵等.中国人群肝癌筛查指南(2022,北京).临床肝胆病杂志,2022,38(08):1739-1758+1954-1967.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">赫捷,李霓,陈万青等.中国肺癌筛查与早诊早治指南(2021,北京).中国肿瘤,2021,30(02):81-111.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">莫颖,梁萍,龙先凤等.首次后装前行模拟计划对宫颈癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>直肠膀胱的剂量学影响<span style="color: black;">科研</span>.临床和实验医学杂志,2023,22(01):91-94.</p>
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