肿瘤科医生：21种癌症的典型表现列全了！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文作者：潘战和，厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当癌症来临之际，身体都会有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>反应，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>会有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>典型表现呢？厦门大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>中山医院肿瘤科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师潘战和提醒，以下这些<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症的典型表现要<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-76cd9c03e04f63f5f9e71cf756cd3904_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、肺癌：<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明<span style="color: black;">连续</span>不愈的刺激性干咳或伴血痰。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、胸腺瘤：<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>纵隔占位伴重症肌<span style="color: black;">没</span>力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、食管癌：进行性加重的吞咽困难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、胃癌：上腹<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>、呕吐、呕血或黑便。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、结直肠癌：便频、腹泻或便秘，便秘与腹泻交替、里急后重、肛门坠胀感、便血等肠刺激症状和排便习惯改变。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、胰腺癌：腹痛、腰背酸痛、黄疸、消瘦。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7-8、肝癌、胆管癌：右上腹摸到包块、右上腹痛、黄疸。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9、<span style="color: black;">脑肿瘤</span>：头痛、喷射性呕吐、视盘水肿视力减退，即颅内压<span style="color: black;">升高</span>“三联症”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>口腔癌：口腔溃疡久治不愈。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11、鼻咽癌：回吸性涕血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12、乳腺癌：乳房进行性生长的<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性包块、乳头乳晕改变、腋下淋巴结肿大。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13-14、宫颈癌和子宫癌：接触性阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>或不规则阴道<span style="color: black;">流血</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15、卵巢癌：腹胀、腹痛、下腹包块、腹水。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16、淋巴瘤：<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性淋巴结增大、盗汗、发热、体重下降、皮肤瘙痒、酒精痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17、骨肿瘤：<span style="color: black;">没</span>外伤病理性骨折、不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>骨痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18、黑色素瘤：原有色素痣<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span>变化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19、膀胱癌：<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肉眼血尿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20、前列腺癌：尿频尿急、尿不尽、排尿困难费力等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21、睾丸癌：睾丸<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>增大的<span style="color: black;">没</span>痛性肿块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这些<span style="color: black;">平常</span>癌症的典型症状，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>以上表现，要高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>肿瘤可能，务必要进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>以<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，高危人群要主动进行肿瘤筛查，<span style="color: black;">即时</span>去医院就诊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-3bb19d5f75263c5ceba528276877cd47_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>想筛查肿瘤，要做<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>呢？潘战和提醒，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>有针对性<span style="color: black;">选取</span>以下<span style="color: black;">检测</span>手段：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、体格<span style="color: black;">检测</span>（查体）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>视触叩听等（用眼睛看，用手来触摸等）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>乳房的视诊、触诊<span style="color: black;">认识</span>乳腺的外观、乳头、<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有结节包块，有助于发现乳腺癌；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">腹部触诊<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有包块，有时肝癌、胃癌、肠癌、胰腺癌等有可能表现为腹部包块。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肛门指检<span style="color: black;">认识</span>直肠肛门的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>等，对直肠癌<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，这项<span style="color: black;">检测</span>很<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>乳腺X线摄片（钼靶）、CT等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">普通CT<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可用来筛查肺癌，但常规的普通CT<span style="color: black;">检测</span>辐射剂量偏大，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>肺癌筛查<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>采用低剂量螺旋CT，这已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>最有效的肺癌筛查手段。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺钼靶是一种X线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，即乳腺X线摄片，它用来筛查乳腺癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、超声<span style="color: black;">检测</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于肝癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌以及皮子宫卵巢肿瘤、前列腺癌等的筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、<span style="color: black;">各样</span>内窥镜</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">包含</span>食管胃镜、结肠癌、鼻咽镜、喉镜、支气管镜等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">食管胃镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于食管癌、胃癌的筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结肠镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于结直肠癌的筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鼻咽镜<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于鼻咽癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、宫颈刮片</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用于宫颈癌的筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6、某些致癌<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的病原体（病毒、细菌）的检测</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>人乳头状瘤HPV的检测可<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>宫颈癌的筛查；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乙肝病毒HBV检测，有助于对乙肝及早<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>，有助于肝癌的防治；HBV对鼻咽癌<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">幽门螺杆菌的检测及必要的治疗，有助于胃癌的防治。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7、其他</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">例如</span>磁共振，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>价格贵，一般不<span style="color: black;">做为</span>常规，仅在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题时<span style="color: black;">做为</span>进一步<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的手段，<span style="color: black;">或</span>用于某些乳腺癌高危人群的筛查。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，抽血查肿瘤标志物<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的价值，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是甲胎蛋白（AFP）用于肝癌筛查，前列腺癌特异性抗原（PSA）用于前列腺癌筛查是<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>参考价值的，<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是要<span style="color: black;">恰当</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>并由专科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>进行科学<span style="color: black;">诠释</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-0aefbcac0f37ebef7a903a2ab547e93f_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">潘战和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>与不良生活方式有或多或少的、直接或间接的关系，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>吸烟、酗酒、缺乏运动和久坐、不良<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯、熬夜、焦虑等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能改变不良生活方式，养成良好健康的生活方式，就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>程度降低癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-9825b2573c415c794c64b60bb256a7da_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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