l14107cb 发表于 2024-6-8 02:20:18

该告诉癌症病人病情真相吗


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>亲人查出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症,你会告诉他真相吗?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你被查出<span style="color: black;">身患</span>癌症,你<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>亲人或<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>告诉你真相吗?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240326/5247e8d83c944606891d666dc0742c4f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">不征求老人的意见能放弃治疗吗</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前几天,我在<span style="color: black;">轻轨</span>上听到一对<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>在讨论要不要把父亲确诊肝癌的事告诉他<span style="color: black;">自己</span>,这不禁让我想起<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年前我遇到的一个典型案例。一位70多岁的老年<span style="color: black;">女性</span>因<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>头昏头疼在神经内科就诊,做了<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>,只<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>蝶窦里有一个中等大的囊肿。她儿子是我<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,就把片子拿给我看了。我觉得这个囊肿可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>她<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>头昏头疼的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>,<span style="color: black;">意见</span>手术切除。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以前<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>遇到<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>跟她<span style="color: black;">状况</span>相同的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,蝶窦病变清除以后,头昏头疼的症状就消失了。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>老人年纪<span style="color: black;">很强</span>,<span style="color: black;">整家</span>多方咨询后,决定请我为老人做手术。老人入院后,在常规术前<span style="color: black;">检测</span>中<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肺部<span style="color: black;">暗影</span>,高度<span style="color: black;">可疑</span>是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>恶性肿瘤。当我把<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果告诉<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>时,他含着眼泪沉默了许久,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>,<span style="color: black;">哀告</span>我不要把<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果告诉他妈,等他回去跟家人商量后,再决定下一步治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>。我把家属的意见转达给了科室的其他同事。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">两天后,<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>来告诉我<span style="color: black;">她们</span>一家人的决定:不告诉老太太可能患肺癌的事,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不准备进一步确诊,不治这个肺部问题。但为了<span style="color: black;">加强</span>老太太的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>质量,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>怕老太太起疑心,要把蝶窦手术做了,争取缓解她头昏头疼的问题。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我理解<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>的决定,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>肺癌手术比微创的鼻窦手术要大得多,还不知老人能否承受术后的放化疗(当时还<span style="color: black;">无</span>胸腔镜,国内<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>靶向药),但我还是提醒<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>:囊肿不治不会要命,但肺癌不治会要命的,不征求老人的意见就放弃治疗,老人以后会不会怪你们?<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>说:“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">认识</span>我妈的性格,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>告诉她患癌了,她会被吓死的,不告诉她,她还会活得久<span style="color: black;">有些</span>。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都是在不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己患上癌症的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,活得愉快些,<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>了会悲观,‘走’得更快。”我<span style="color: black;">没</span>言以对。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">有些<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>的谎言让我感到<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>奈</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有一部分处在“不完全知情”或“完全不知情”的情境中。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在患病一段时间后才被婉转<span style="color: black;">通知</span>自己患病,更有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>直到离开人世都不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己<span style="color: black;">到底</span>得了什么病。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在我国,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属享有绝对的知情权,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>不告诉<span style="color: black;">病人</span>实情,但<span style="color: black;">必要</span>告诉家属,再由家属决定告不告诉<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>常常在家属的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>下,跟<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>做着隐瞒<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">欺骗</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的工作。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,把癌性包块说成良性包块,让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>先同意把手术做了,若<span style="color: black;">必须</span>放化疗,再告诉<span style="color: black;">病人</span>病检结果是癌前病变,<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span>放化疗,争取根治病灶。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这其实还是完全<span style="color: black;">根据</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的最佳治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>在做,我还比较愿意<span style="color: black;">协同</span>家属撒这种谎,但有些<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">协同</span>的谎言是让我感到<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>奈的。<span style="color: black;">例如</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>还有治疗价值,但家属决定不治了,理由<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有三类:一类是家属觉得<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">胆怯</span>怕事,若<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己得了癌症,会被吓死的,不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>可能还会活得长<span style="color: black;">有些</span>;一类是怕亲人受苦,觉得不管是手术,还是放化疗,都是一个个难熬的关,不忍心让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>在离开这个世界之前受这些罪;还有一类<span style="color: black;">便是</span>家庭确实经济困难,不想最后落到人财两空的境地。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>年前,一名喉癌中晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家属<span style="color: black;">选取</span>为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>做全喉切除,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>再<span style="color: black;">按照</span>术中<span style="color: black;">状况</span>和术后的病理<span style="color: black;">状况</span>决定怎么放化疗。这是当时对<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最有利的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,但家属却<span style="color: black;">需求</span>不要向<span style="color: black;">病人</span>透露患癌这件事,<span style="color: black;">原由</span>和我<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>说的<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">切掉<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的发音器官,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就<span style="color: black;">不可</span>说话了,虽然<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>食管或电子喉来练习发声,但那<span style="color: black;">必须</span>很<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span>实现,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在相当长的时间内只能<span style="color: black;">经过</span>比画和书写来跟人交流。等<span style="color: black;">病人</span>麻醉醒了,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己<span style="color: black;">不可</span>说话了,他会不会愤怒、崩溃<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>绝望呢?若那时候再<span style="color: black;">通知</span>真相,就太迟了。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>愿意为了根治病灶、延长寿命而失去发音功能吗?若他愿意,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要做好思想准备后再做手术。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">出于这些<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,我<span style="color: black;">通知</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属:若<span style="color: black;">病人</span>不同意,这个手术是坚决<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做的。最后,家属同意<span style="color: black;">通知</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>详谈后<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>并<span style="color: black;">无</span>家属说得<span style="color: black;">那样</span>脆弱,他<span style="color: black;">亦</span>同意做全喉切除手术,术前,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>还与家属<span style="color: black;">一块</span>演练了在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>说话的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>尽快让照顾者明白<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要表达的意思。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己的决定,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,术后遇到<span style="color: black;">有些</span>困难,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>都能<span style="color: black;">协同</span>,他恢复得<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>好。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在<span style="color: black;">认识</span>清醒的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,成年人的生命应该由自己负责</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">《中华人民共和<span style="color: black;">百姓</span>法典》<span style="color: black;">第1</span>千二百一十九条规定:“医务人员在诊疗活动中应当向<span style="color: black;">病人</span>说明病情和医疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。<span style="color: black;">必须</span>实施手术、特殊<span style="color: black;">检测</span>、特殊治疗的,医务人员应当<span style="color: black;">即时</span>向<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>说明医疗<span style="color: black;">危害</span>、替代医疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,并取得其<span style="color: black;">知道</span>同意;<span style="color: black;">不可</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>不宜向<span style="color: black;">病人</span>说明的,应当向<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的近亲属说明,并取得其<span style="color: black;">知道</span>同意。医务人员未尽到前款义务、<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>损害的,医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>应当承担赔偿责任。”</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>属于“<span style="color: black;">不可</span>或不宜”呢?<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>不清醒应该算是。但若<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>清醒,那“<span style="color: black;">不可</span>或不宜”又是该由谁来界定呢?<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">是由于</span>家属界定,家属有权利界定吗?在<span style="color: black;">认识</span>清醒的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,成年人的生命应该由自己负责,还是家属负责?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在我国,许多人都<span style="color: black;">选取</span>对癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>隐瞒病情。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>陷入了两个误区:一是认为得癌就离死亡不远了,二是低估了<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的心理承受能力。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,人类的终极归宿都是死亡,癌症只是有可能让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的人生路结束得快一点,况且<span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>治疗癌症。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在现实生活中,确实有<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在得知自己病情后,悲观绝望<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>走向了不归路。但这只是极<span style="color: black;">少许</span>现象。绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>并不像<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>想象中<span style="color: black;">那样</span>脆弱,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>正确面对病情。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在临床上,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>经常看到的情形是,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>和家属对病情都心知肚明,但谁都不挑明。为了<span style="color: black;">协同</span>这种“默契”,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不得不遮遮掩掩。然而,“不告诉”并不<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>会往好的方向想。<span style="color: black;">一般</span>,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和家属越是不说清楚,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>就越是恐惧,把病情想象得比<span style="color: black;">实质</span>更重。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有时<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己时间不多了,想交代后事或完成自己某些心愿,但家属为了隐瞒,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会打断<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的话,不让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>说明或做自己想做的事,最后让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带着遗憾离开人世。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国医疗实践中广泛存在由<span style="color: black;">病人</span>亲属代理行使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>知情同意权的现象,使得<span style="color: black;">病人</span>人身和精神利益<span style="color: black;">没</span>法得到<span style="color: black;">保证</span>,产生了<span style="color: black;">有些</span>不治疗、不正确地治疗或过度治疗的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其实,在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>清醒的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,家属是<span style="color: black;">没</span>权决定<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">可否</span>接受治疗的。<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>在<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>不清的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,他的监护人才有权决定他的治疗走向。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>家属认为自己是在为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,但<span style="color: black;">她们</span>做的决定不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>想要的。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">理性地看待<span style="color: black;">患病</span>和死亡,就不会有“说还是不说”的纠结</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">曾有问卷调查问:“<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>亲人查出癌症,你会告诉他真相吗?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>被查出癌症,你<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>真相吗?”2000多份问卷调查结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>:在亲人<span style="color: black;">生病</span>的时候,74%的被调查者<span style="color: black;">选取</span>向亲人隐瞒所有<span style="color: black;">或</span>部分病情,但却有高达85%的人都<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>当自己患癌时能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>所有信息。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是<span style="color: black;">为何</span>呢?<span style="color: black;">为何</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>对自己的心理承受力如此有<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>,而对亲人的心理承受能力却毫<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">自信心</span>呢?<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>都<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>真相,自己的身体自己做主,<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>应该<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>用<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的态度对待<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>最亲的人?</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不愿意知晓自己病情的那15%的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,可能是对自己的心理承受力<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">自信心</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是不愿意面对死亡。不愿意面对死亡的很大一部分<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是死亡教育的缺失。但值得<span style="color: black;">幸运</span>的是,<span style="color: black;">已然</span>有越来越多的人在关注这个问题了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不只是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>每一个人,能够“有尊严地活,安详地走”都是幸运的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>能在全社会普及死亡教育,让<span style="color: black;">大众</span>对生和死、优生和“优逝”有更加全面的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和思考,能够更理性地看待<span style="color: black;">患病</span>和死亡,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就不会有“说还是不说”的纠结了。</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文:</span><span style="color: black;">成都大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科 赵荣</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">编辑:张昊华</span><span style="color: black;">杨真宇</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">校对:</span><span style="color: black;">李诗尧</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审核:<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">秦明睿</span></span>徐秉楠</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">爱好</span>就告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>您“在看”</p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文经「<span style="color: black;">本来</span>」原创认证,作者健康报社有限<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,点击“阅读原文”或<span style="color: black;">拜访</span>yuanben.io查询【40XO7OAL】获取授权<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</span>,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">......</span></p>




4zhvml8 发表于 2024-10-2 07:53:09

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4zhvml8 发表于 2024-10-10 19:24:01

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nykek5i 发表于 2024-10-14 19:21:31

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wrjc1hod 发表于 2024-10-24 19:52:17

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