“一件代发”电商模式中暗藏的法律害处
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“一件代发”好处多,但经营责任不可回避。</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是“一件代发”?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“一件代发”<span style="color: black;">做为</span>电子商务<span style="color: black;">行业</span>近年兴起的一种<span style="color: black;">营销</span>模式,受到了众多经营者的<span style="color: black;">喜爱</span>。消费者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>电商平台下单购买商品,经营者在接到该订单后,从其他经营者(货源)处以自己的名义下单,但在收货人处填写消费者的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息,从而实现由其他经营者<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>供货人直接向消费者发货并<span style="color: black;">最后</span>完成交易,从此过程中赚取两笔订单间的差价。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这种经营模式契合了当前电子商务的特征和发展趋势。对电商经营者而言,其所售商品的发货任务由<span style="color: black;">实质</span>供货人承担,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>节省<span style="color: black;">昂贵</span>的仓储和运输<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>无需承担库存商品毁损灭失的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,在经营范围上<span style="color: black;">得到</span>了更大的灵活性和广泛性。<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,在经营过程中占用资金相应减少,能更好地满足资金流转的<span style="color: black;">需要</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>上游经营者而言,其无需担负营销推广的<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">不消</span>为客流量费神,无需让渡利润就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让下游经营者为其开拓销路。但“一件代发”模式<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>着许多法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">“一件代发”<span style="color: black;">亦</span>需承担经营者责任</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">案例一</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">案情简介</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">张某在电商平台上<span style="color: black;">经过</span>“一件代发”模式,向胡某售卖了未标注法定标准、生产批文和真实生产者等信息的食品,被胡某告上了法庭。张某事先在订单交易磋商<span style="color: black;">周期</span>并未向胡某披露第三方代发<span style="color: black;">状况</span>,事后<span style="color: black;">亦</span>未向胡某说明货物质量合格或货品合法<span style="color: black;">源自</span>等信息,属于未依法履行进货查验义务的情形。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,涉案<span style="color: black;">制品</span>外包装未标注国家强制<span style="color: black;">需求</span>标注的信息,此类<span style="color: black;">外边</span>特征<span style="color: black;">非常</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span>,张某对此只要履行<span style="color: black;">基本</span>的注<span style="color: black;">道理</span>务就足以<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,其虽抗辩自己并未接触一手货源而无从查证,但其<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>者查验货物的责任却并不因<span style="color: black;">选取</span>“一件代发”<span style="color: black;">营销</span>模式而豁免。鉴于张某已<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>明知不符合食品安全标准的保健品的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>法院判决张某向胡某承担十倍赔偿的法律责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">法官说法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">食品和<span style="color: black;">药物</span>与人民群众身心健康、社会安全秩序息息<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。《中华人民共和国食品安全法》<span style="color: black;">第1</span>百四十八条规定,生产不符合食品安全标准的食品<span style="color: black;">或</span>经营明知是不符合食品安全标准的食品,消费者除<span style="color: black;">需求</span>赔偿损失外,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>向生产者<span style="color: black;">或</span>经营者<span style="color: black;">需求</span>支付价款十倍<span style="color: black;">或</span>损失三倍的赔偿金。《中华人民共和国<span style="color: black;">药物</span>管理法》<span style="color: black;">第1</span>百四十四条规定,生产假药、劣药<span style="color: black;">或</span>明知是假药、劣药仍然<span style="color: black;">营销</span>、<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的,受害人<span style="color: black;">或</span>其近亲属除请求赔偿损失外,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>请求支付价款十倍<span style="color: black;">或</span>损失三倍的赔偿金。这两部法律均对违规生产者或<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者规定了<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">案例二</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">案情简介</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原告曾某自<span style="color: black;">叫作</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>了被告某<span style="color: black;">机构</span>售卖的三无祛痘霜<span style="color: black;">引起</span>面部不适,<span style="color: black;">需求</span>被告某<span style="color: black;">机构</span>承担<span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量责任。被告抗辩其收到原告订单后,就立即组织人手向网络平台上的某店铺<span style="color: black;">根据</span>此订单内容下单,直接由该店铺向曾某发货,其<span style="color: black;">自己</span>从未接触过涉案<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品,<span style="color: black;">不该</span>承担责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">法院认为,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>《中华人民共和国<span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量法》第三十三条及《中华人民共和国电子商务法》第十条的规定,被告<span style="color: black;">经过</span>电子商务平台经营<span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,应依法办理主体登记、税务登记后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>进入市场,其<span style="color: black;">做为</span>直接经营者所<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品无生产许可证编号、生产厂家、质量合格标记等信息,属于三无<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,已<span style="color: black;">形成</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>明知不符合安全标准的<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品。被告虽采用“一件代发”模式,涉案<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品并非由其生产,但其<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>者需承担责任,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>被告未能举证证明代发<span style="color: black;">制品</span>为合格<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,法院据此判决被告承担支付价款十倍赔偿金的赔偿责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">法官说法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品与皮肤直接接触,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>存在质量问题,可能给消费者的容貌和健康<span style="color: black;">导致</span>损害。《最高人民法院关于审理食品<span style="color: black;">药物</span>纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的规定》第十七条规定,消费者与<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者之间的纠纷,参照适用本规定,即<span style="color: black;">打扮</span>品<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者所承担的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>责任与食品、<span style="color: black;">药物</span><span style="color: black;">营销</span>者相同,可能需要承担<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">已尽到查验义务或可免除<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">案情简介</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在王某诉刘某信息网络买卖合同纠纷案中,涉案<span style="color: black;">制品</span>为无中文标签及保健标志的进口食品。该案起诉前,原告虽未向被告就涉案<span style="color: black;">制品</span>提起异议,但被告<span style="color: black;">做为</span>经营者,在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>问题后,尝试多种方式、多种<span style="color: black;">途径</span>,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>、主动联系原告召回<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,积极采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>避免消费者受到人身损害和财产损失,消除不良影响。被告<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>问题后的<span style="color: black;">以上</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>,应当受到鼓励。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,法院<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>判决<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿,仅判决被告承担退货退款的民事责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">法官说法</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《中华人民共和国消费者权益<span style="color: black;">守护</span>法》第十八条规定,经营者应当<span style="color: black;">保准</span>其<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的商品<span style="color: black;">或</span>服务符合<span style="color: black;">保证</span>人身、财产安全的<span style="color: black;">需求</span>。《中华人民共和国<span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量法》第三十三条规定,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者应当<span style="color: black;">创立</span>并执行进货<span style="color: black;">检测</span>验收制度,验明<span style="color: black;">制品</span>合格证明和其他标识;第三十四条规定,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者应当采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,保持<span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>的质量。我国法律<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>经营者、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者设定了进货查验、<span style="color: black;">保准</span>商品质量的义务。电商场景下,采用“一件代发”模式进行经销的经营者,并不<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>模式而逃避前述义务。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经营者<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>需要承担<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿的责任,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>看其<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>尽到了对<span style="color: black;">制品</span>的查验义务。如法院判定经营者<span style="color: black;">按照</span>现有<span style="color: black;">状况</span>和<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>尽到进货查验义务,并在知晓所<span style="color: black;">营销</span><span style="color: black;">制品</span>存在问题后积极采取召回、退货退款等方式避免更大损失的,可能免除<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">经营提示</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在“一件代发”<span style="color: black;">营销</span>模式下,电商经营者与商品<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">实质</span>接触,难以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>从供应商处采购的商品质量,存在<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的售后<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。电商经营者若不认真检验商品真伪和品质,不审慎核实商品或店铺的宣传素材和<span style="color: black;">运用</span>方式,可能给自己带来赔偿损失<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>承担数倍<span style="color: black;">处罚</span>性赔偿的法律<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">消费者<span style="color: black;">经过</span>网购的方式与<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者<span style="color: black;">创立</span>信息网络买卖合同关系,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者无论是<span style="color: black;">自动</span>仓储发货,还是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>第三方代发,均不影响双方在买卖合同中承担各自的权利义务。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>消费者在这种<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式中<span style="color: black;">一般</span>事先并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;">详细</span>供应商信息,供应商<span style="color: black;">亦</span>只代<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者向消费者承担发货的责任,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者需向消费者承担买卖合同项下的义务,当<span style="color: black;">制品</span>质量<span style="color: black;">显现</span>问题,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>消费者财产损害乃至生命权、健康权损害时,<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者应<span style="color: black;">做为</span>直接责任方承担相应的损害赔偿责任。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“一件代发”模式侵害的权利主体还可能是合同双方之外的第三人,如对知识产权、人格权的侵害,这<span style="color: black;">需求</span>电商经营者在挑选<span style="color: black;">实质</span>供货人时应细心<span style="color: black;">小心</span>,严格审查<span style="color: black;">实质</span>供货人的资质、所售商品的质量,以及商品生产、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>、宣传过程中所<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的宣传资料等<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>存在可能侵害他人权益的情形,尽到<span style="color: black;">做为</span>经营者、<span style="color: black;">营销</span>者的义务,最大程度上避免侵权<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">电商经营者<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>全面认识“一件代发”模式下可能暗藏的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,在法律制度的框架内细心<span style="color: black;">小心</span>、未雨绸缪,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>最大化地把握这一模式的优点,实现<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>、稳定、可<span style="color: black;">连续</span>的经营发展。</span></p>
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