临床-循环系统考点总结
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/zE5JlwsXKWsF3DFyPJ1aJA8gv6cGc0AyVxc0ciboxTvdHgIVGqgVVOicDX9I6WGou2JjicbTakXAGhaf58eJcjlMw/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><a style="color: black;">→卫生事业编考试资料</a></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/Ljib4So7yuWhanrkIFAibBic1icRmsiax1icwzTia9vclZBmj278YeMtSWgicBEhZOicmnEraiblJiciaKOuUdg4UoQFYnuia5w/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">循环系统</span></p><span style="color: black;">1.<span style="color: black;">急性前壁心肌梗死最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常是：室性期前收缩及室性心动过速。</span></span><span style="color: black;">2.<span style="color: black;">听诊心率正常而不整齐，可除外：一度房室传导阻滞。</span></span><span style="color: black;">3.<span style="color: black;">动脉粥样硬化<span style="color: black;">引起</span>器官病变最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是哪一类：冠状动脉。</span></span><span style="color: black;">4.<span style="color: black;">心肌梗死后</span>24<span style="color: black;">小时内避免<span style="color: black;">运用</span>：强心苷类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">5.<span style="color: black;">心绞痛<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的典型部位是：胸骨上、中段后。</span></span><span style="color: black;">6.<span style="color: black;">窦性心动过缓，心率不<span style="color: black;">小于</span></span>50<span style="color: black;">次／分，常采用<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是：不需治疗。</span></span><span style="color: black;">7.<span style="color: black;">急性下壁心肌梗死最易合并：房室传导阻滞。</span></span><span style="color: black;">8.<span style="color: black;">窦性心动过速的频率范围多为：</span>100~180<span style="color: black;">次／分。</span></span><span style="color: black;">9.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死<span style="color: black;">显现</span>室性期前收缩首选：利多卡因。</span></span><span style="color: black;">10.<span style="color: black;">缺血性心脏病最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的病因是：冠状动脉粥样硬化。</span></span><span style="color: black;">11.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>急性前间壁心肌梗死闭塞的冠状动脉分支是：左冠状动脉前降支。</span></span><span style="color: black;">12.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">状况</span>合并心绞痛时不宜应用硝酸甘油的是：肥厚型梗阻性心肌病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">13.<span style="color: black;">用于治疗窦性心动过缓的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>除了：喘定。</span></span><span style="color: black;">14.<span style="color: black;">心肺复苏时用药<span style="color: black;">一般</span>首选<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是：肾上腺素。</span></span><span style="color: black;">15.<span style="color: black;">心脏骤停复苏后最易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>：脑<span style="color: black;">损害</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">16.<span style="color: black;">心跳<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>骤停紧急处理原则中哪项是错误的：<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>心电图确诊，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>处理。</span></span><span style="color: black;">17.<span style="color: black;">心脏性猝死是：因心脏<span style="color: black;">原由</span>意<span style="color: black;">外区</span><span style="color: black;">忽然</span>死亡。</span></span><span style="color: black;">18.<span style="color: black;">电复律治疗时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>心室颤动，应：再次电复律。</span></span><span style="color: black;">19.<span style="color: black;">治疗自发性心绞痛禁用：心得安。</span></span><span style="color: black;">20.<span style="color: black;">哪项不是心肌梗死的并发症：主动脉窦瘤破裂。</span></span><span style="color: black;">21.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死合并休克时禁用：异丙肾上腺素。</span></span><span style="color: black;">22.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>心肌缺血及诊断心绞痛最常用的<span style="color: black;">没</span>创性<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>是：心电图。</span></span><span style="color: black;">23.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死的超急期心电图改变是：</span>T<span style="color: black;">波高耸。</span></span><span style="color: black;">24.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死<span style="color: black;">初期</span>（</span>24<span style="color: black;">小时内）死亡<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>：<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">25.<span style="color: black;">左冠状动脉回旋支阻塞<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的心肌梗死是：高侧</span></span><span style="color: black;">壁心梗。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">26.</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>心肌病变的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>病因中，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内外最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是：冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">27.<span style="color: black;">猝死最常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于：冠心病。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">27.</span><span style="color: black;">刺激迷走神经<span style="color: black;">能够</span>纠正下述哪种心律失常；阵发性室上性心动过速。</span></span><span style="color: black;">29.<span style="color: black;">血管扩张剂治疗心力衰竭的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>机制是：降低心脏前、后负荷。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">30.<span style="color: black;">判定心力衰竭代偿期的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>指标是：心排血量<span style="color: black;">增多</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>接近正常。</span></span><span style="color: black;">31.<span style="color: black;">与强心苷类中毒<span style="color: black;">没</span>关的是：右束支传导阻滞。</span></span><span style="color: black;">32.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>右室压力负荷过重的是：肺动脉高压。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">33.<span style="color: black;">贫血和甲亢对心脏产生的影响使：左、右室容量</span></span><span style="color: black;">负荷加重。</span></span><span style="color: black;">34.<span style="color: black;">心力衰竭并发心房扑动时首选：快速<span style="color: black;">生效</span>的强心苷类制剂。</span></span><span style="color: black;">35.<span style="color: black;">诊断急性肺水肿最<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特征<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的依据是：严重<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难伴咯粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样痰。</span></span><span style="color: black;">36.<span style="color: black;">左心衰竭与支气管哮喘的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>鉴别点为：坐起时能够缓解<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难。</span></span><span style="color: black;">37.<span style="color: black;">左心衰竭最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的症状是：劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难。</span></span><span style="color: black;">38.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">很强</span>剂量静脉滴注硝普钠可产生的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>是：氰化物中毒。</span></span><span style="color: black;">39.<span style="color: black;">诊断右心衰竭时，最<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的体征是：肝颈静脉回流征阳性。</span></span><span style="color: black;">40.<span style="color: black;">治疗强心苷类中毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的室性心动过速，宜首选：利多卡因。</span></span><span style="color: black;">41.<span style="color: black;">使快速房颤的心室率减慢，应首选：强心苷类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">42.<span style="color: black;">非阵发性交界区性心动过速最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于哪种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>：强心苷类中毒。</span></span><span style="color: black;">43.<span style="color: black;">二度</span>II<span style="color: black;">型及三度房室传导阻滞，阻滞部位在双束支，心室率缓慢，曾有</span>Adams-Stokes<span style="color: black;">综 <span style="color: black;">微X</span>：858342343合征<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>，治疗首选：<span style="color: black;">安顿</span>临时或永久性人工心脏起搏器。</span></span><span style="color: black;">44.<span style="color: black;">阵发性室上性心动过速<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>时，用刺激迷走神经<span style="color: black;">办法</span>治疗，不正确的是：双侧颈动脉窦按摩。</span></span><span style="color: black;">45.<span style="color: black;">窦性心动过缓时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>早搏可用何种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗：阿托品。</span></span><span style="color: black;">46.<span style="color: black;">关于正常窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>的描述错误的是：心率绝对匀齐。</span></span><span style="color: black;">47.<span style="color: black;">治疗尖端扭转型室速时不宜<span style="color: black;">选择</span>哪种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>：普罗帕酮。</span></span><span style="color: black;">48.<span style="color: black;">强心苷类中毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常中，哪项用钾盐治疗是错误的：房室传导阻滞。</span></span><span style="color: black;">49.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死后心肌坏死组织<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>纤维化形成瘢痕<span style="color: black;">必须</span>：</span>6~8<span style="color: black;">周。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5</span><span style="color: black;">0.<span style="color: black;">哪项有利于室性心动过速与室上性心动过速的鉴别：心电图有心室夺获及室性融合波。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5</span><span style="color: black;">1.<span style="color: black;">判断急性心肌梗死面积最有价值的是；血清</span>CPK<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">升高</span>的程度。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;">52.<span style="color: black;">最易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>房颤的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>是：风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄。</span></span><span style="color: black;">53.<span style="color: black;">心房颤动时</span>f<span style="color: black;">波的频率为：</span>350~600<span style="color: black;">次／分。</span></span><span style="color: black;">54.<span style="color: black;">最易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>房室传导阻滞的心肌梗死是：下壁心肌梗死。</span></span><span style="color: black;">55.<span style="color: black;">哪种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>不适合于应用电击复律治疗：强心苷类中毒<span style="color: black;">显现</span>室性心动过速。</span></span><span style="color: black;">56.<span style="color: black;">诊断阵发性室上性心动过速最有<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的是：颈动脉窦按摩使心率<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>减慢。</span></span><span style="color: black;">57.<span style="color: black;">哪项<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>属于特异性心肌病：甲亢性心肌病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">58.<span style="color: black;">亚急性感染性心内膜炎最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是：心力衰竭。</span></span><span style="color: black;">59.<span style="color: black;">治疗亚急性感染性心内膜炎，首选的抗生素是：青霉素。</span></span><span style="color: black;">60.<span style="color: black;">亚急性感染性心内膜炎<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>决定诊断<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的依据是：血培养。</span></span><span style="color: black;">61.<span style="color: black;">肥厚型梗阻性心肌病人导管<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的是：</span>Brockenbrough<span style="color: black;">现象阳性。</span></span><span style="color: black;">62.<span style="color: black;">体循环或肺循环<span style="color: black;">显现</span>栓塞频率较高的是：围生期心肌病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">63.<span style="color: black;">扩张型心肌病的病理改变是：心肌细胞肥大，变性纤维化。</span></span><span style="color: black;">64.<span style="color: black;">何为老年人高血压的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特点：以纯收缩压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>为多见。</span></span><span style="color: black;">65.<span style="color: black;">关于扩张型心肌病的病因最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的是：病毒感染。</span></span><span style="color: black;">66.<span style="color: black;">亚急性感染性心内膜炎最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的致病菌是：草绿色链球菌。</span></span><span style="color: black;">67.<span style="color: black;">心肌炎在哪种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下可试用糖皮质激素：房室传导阻滞。</span></span><span style="color: black;">68.<span style="color: black;">扩张型心肌病的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>体征是：心脏扩大。</span></span><span style="color: black;">69.<span style="color: black;">心肌炎在哪种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下不主张试用糖皮质固醇类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>：室性期前收缩。</span></span><span style="color: black;">70.<span style="color: black;">扩张型心肌病的彻底治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是：心脏移植术。</span></span><span style="color: black;">71.<span style="color: black;">扩张型心肌病的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征是：心肌收缩期泵功能衰竭。</span></span><span style="color: black;">72.<span style="color: black;">肥厚型心肌病的超声所见哪项是错误的：梗阻性可见室间隔流出道向右室<span style="color: black;">明显</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">73.<span style="color: black;">每日饮纯酒精量超<span style="color: black;">太多</span>少<span style="color: black;">连续</span></span>10<span style="color: black;">年以上应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>诊断酒精性心肌病：</span>125ml</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">74.<span style="color: black;">关于心肌炎的预后错误的是：急性心肌炎的预后差。</span></span><span style="color: black;">75.<span style="color: black;">哪项可<span style="color: black;">做为</span>确诊主动脉瓣关闭不全的依据：彩色多普勒主动脉瓣心室侧探及舒张期射流。</span></span><span style="color: black;">76.<span style="color: black;">风湿性心瓣膜病中，最易<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心绞痛的类型是：主动脉瓣狭窄。</span></span><span style="color: black;">77.<span style="color: black;">哪项不是二尖瓣球囊成形术的适应证：合并左房内血栓。</span></span><span style="color: black;">78.<span style="color: black;">主动脉瓣狭窄<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心功能代偿反应最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的是：左心室肥厚。</span></span><span style="color: black;">79.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣关闭不全时可有：心尖区全收缩期杂音，并在呼气时<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">80.<span style="color: black;">主动脉瓣关闭不全</span>X<span style="color: black;">线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的特征是：</span>“<span style="color: black;">摇椅式</span>”<span style="color: black;">搏动。</span></span><span style="color: black;">81.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣关闭不全时后叶损害杂音特点：传至胸骨左缘和心底部。</span></span><span style="color: black;">82.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣关闭不全</span>X<span style="color: black;">线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>的特征是：左室收缩时左房反向膨出。</span></span><span style="color: black;">83.<span style="color: black;">亚急性感染心内膜炎的赘生物最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的附着部位是：二尖瓣和主动脉瓣。</span></span><span style="color: black;">84.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣狭窄最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状：<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难。</span></span><span style="color: black;">85.<span style="color: black;">哪项不是亚急性感染性心内膜炎的临床表现：蝶形红斑。</span></span><span style="color: black;">86.<span style="color: black;">风心病联合瓣膜病最常侵犯的瓣膜是：二尖瓣及主动脉瓣。</span></span><span style="color: black;">87.<span style="color: black;">风湿性心脏病中最易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>猝死的是：主动脉瓣狭窄。</span></span><span style="color: black;">88.<span style="color: black;">亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的抗生素治疗中，不对的是：小剂量，长程治疗。</span></span><span style="color: black;">89.<span style="color: black;">哪项支持亚细的诊断：心脏有杂音，血培养（＋）。</span></span><span style="color: black;">90.<span style="color: black;">最易<span style="color: black;">出现</span>亚急性感染性心内膜炎的风湿性心瓣膜病类型是：二尖瓣轻至中度关闭不全。</span></span><span style="color: black;">91.Osler <span style="color: black;">结节见于：亚急性细菌性心内膜炎。</span></span><span style="color: black;">92.<span style="color: black;">关于二尖瓣狭窄的病理生理正确的是：<span style="color: black;">因为</span>左房平均压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，从而使肺静脉压及肺毛细血管压力<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">93.<span style="color: black;">关于二尖瓣关闭不全的病理生理正确的是：左室衰竭<span style="color: black;">出现</span>较晚，<span style="color: black;">出现</span>后则<span style="color: black;">发展</span><span style="color: black;">快速</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">94.<span style="color: black;">哪种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>可使肥厚型梗阻性心肌病杂音减弱：心得安。</span></span><span style="color: black;">95.<span style="color: black;">高血压危象的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>机制可能为：交感神经功能亢进和血循环中儿茶酚胺<span style="color: black;">太多</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">96.<span style="color: black;">我国高血压病<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是：脑血管意外。</span></span><span style="color: black;">97.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣关闭不全与二尖瓣脱垂鉴别<span style="color: black;">重点</span>之点是：后者除收缩期杂音外，心尖区常有收缩中期喀喇音。</span></span><span style="color: black;">98.<span style="color: black;">二尖瓣狭窄右室负荷加大时心电图可见：右束支传导阻滞或右室肥大。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">99</span><span style="color: black;">.<span style="color: black;">正常二尖瓣口面积：</span>4.0~6.0c<span style="color: black;">㎡</span></span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">00.<span style="color: black;">风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣狭窄时，以下哪项是不正确的：左心室<span style="color: black;">显著</span>扩张。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">01.<span style="color: black;">高血压合并胰岛素抵抗的病人不会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>以下何项改变：高密度脂蛋白<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">02.<span style="color: black;">主动脉瓣关闭不全<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">周边</span>血管征是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>：脉压增大。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">03.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">各样</span>高血压，哪种最适合</span>β<span style="color: black;">受体阻滞剂治疗：高血压伴肥厚梗阻性心肌病。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1</span><span style="color: black;">04.<span style="color: black;">治疗嗜铬细胞瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的血压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，首选哪种降压药：酚妥拉明。</span></span></span><span style="color: black;">105.<span style="color: black;">心绞痛<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>时可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>：房性或室性早搏。</span></span><span style="color: black;">106.<span style="color: black;">冠心病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>心前区收缩期喀喇音及收缩晚期吹风样杂音，是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>：二尖瓣脱垂。</span></span><span style="color: black;">107.<span style="color: black;">缓解急性心肌梗死剧烈<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>效果最好的是：吗啡。</span></span><span style="color: black;">108.<span style="color: black;">治疗强心苷类中毒伴缓慢型<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常时宜<span style="color: black;">选择</span>：阿托品。</span></span><span style="color: black;">109.<span style="color: black;">心肌梗死症状中最先<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的是：<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">110.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死合并急性病态窦房结<span style="color: black;">综合症</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是：右冠状动脉病变。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">111.<span style="color: black;">高血压病人，心脏</span>B<span style="color: black;">超示室间隔与左室后壁之比达</span></span><span style="color: black;">1.4，何种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>最佳：依那普利。</span></span><span style="color: black;">112.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死与心绞痛的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>鉴别点是：肌酸磷酸激酶同工酶<span style="color: black;">上升</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">113.<span style="color: black;">下肢静脉曲张的临床表现：下肢内侧和小腿后侧静脉曲张。</span></span><span style="color: black;">114.<span style="color: black;">假性动脉瘤为：血管壁部分由纤维组织<span style="color: black;">形成</span>的局部扩张。</span></span><span style="color: black;">115.<span style="color: black;">血栓闭塞性脉管炎的特征是：游走性血栓性浅静脉炎。</span></span><span style="color: black;">116.<span style="color: black;">下肢静脉曲张的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>并发症是：小腿溃疡。</span></span><span style="color: black;">117.<span style="color: black;">判断血栓闭塞性脉管炎的闭塞部位的准确<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是：行动脉造影。</span></span><span style="color: black;">118.<span style="color: black;">我国<span style="color: black;">日前</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的急性心包炎的病因是：结核性。</span></span><span style="color: black;">119.<span style="color: black;">高血压病人<span style="color: black;">出现</span>胰岛素抵抗时，判断胰岛素<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>性的指标是：空腹胰岛素水平。</span></span><span style="color: black;">120.<span style="color: black;">原发性高血压的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>病理生理是：<span style="color: black;">周边</span>血管阻力<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">121.<span style="color: black;">心肌<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>病毒感染的阳性指标是：发病后</span>3<span style="color: black;">周间两次血清的抗体滴定度有</span>4<span style="color: black;">倍<span style="color: black;">升高</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">122.<span style="color: black;">高血压脑病时最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状是：头痛，<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">123.<span style="color: black;">胸外心脏按压时手掌的正确部位是：胸骨中下</span>1/3<span style="color: black;">交界处。</span></span><span style="color: black;">124.<span style="color: black;">心脏骤停<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊断最佳指标是：颈动脉和股动脉搏动消失。</span></span><span style="color: black;">125.<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>中，不伴有高血压的是：急性肾孟肾炎。</span></span><span style="color: black;">126.<span style="color: black;">高血压<span style="color: black;">初期</span>病理变化<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是：周身细小动脉痉挛。</span></span><span style="color: black;">127.<span style="color: black;">对血压<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">升高</span><span style="color: black;">数年</span>的病人，应用降压药使血压<span style="color: black;">短期</span>内骤降至正常水平<span style="color: black;">能够</span>：诱发肾功能不全。</span></span><span style="color: black;">128.<span style="color: black;">关于高血压的流行病学调查哪项<span style="color: black;">原因</span>未确定与发病<span style="color: black;">相关</span>：吸烟。</span></span><span style="color: black;">129.<span style="color: black;">哪种是纤维蛋白性心包炎的典型体征：心包摩擦音。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">130.<span style="color: black;">肱动脉收缩压下降至多少</span>kPa<span style="color: black;">以下时肾小球滤过基本停止：</span>8.0 kPa</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">131.<span style="color: black;">属于高血压</span></span><span style="color: black;">Ⅲ</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">期的临床表现的是：血肌酐</span>106~177μmol/L</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">132.<span style="color: black;">决定休克病补液量较<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的依据是：中心静脉压。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">133. Austin-Flint<span style="color: black;">杂音的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>与哪项<span style="color: black;">相关</span>：主动脉瓣关闭</span></span><span style="color: black;">不全。</span></span><span style="color: black;">134.<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性肺水肿时，肺毛细血管压力多在：<span style="color: black;">30mmHg</span>以上。</span><span style="color: black;">135.<span style="color: black;">梗死前心绞痛的哪一点与急性心肌梗死不同：心电图未见病理性</span>Q<span style="color: black;">波。</span></span><span style="color: black;">136.<span style="color: black;">从病理生理<span style="color: black;">方向</span>看，休克的本质是：组织和细胞缺氧。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">137.<span style="color: black;">急性心包炎心电图变化，</span>ST<span style="color: black;">段</span></span><span style="color: black;">抬高以哪种最为多见：急性非特异性心包炎。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">138.<span style="color: black;">关于休克代偿期微循环的变化，错误的是：微静</span></span><span style="color: black;">脉收缩。</span></span><span style="color: black;">139.<span style="color: black;">缩窄性心包炎时，错误的是：脉压增大。</span></span><span style="color: black;">140.<span style="color: black;">决定心肌微循环灌注量的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>是；动脉舒张压。</span></span><span style="color: black;">141.<span style="color: black;">中间<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>不同于急性心肌梗死的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特点是：不<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">反常</span></span>Q<span style="color: black;">波。</span></span><span style="color: black;">142.<span style="color: black;">高血压分期标准最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的依据是：器官<span style="color: black;">损害</span>及功能代偿<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">143.<span style="color: black;">继发性高血压不见于哪种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>：肾上腺皮质功能<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">144.<span style="color: black;">休克的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>问题是：组织细胞受累。</span></span><span style="color: black;">145.<span style="color: black;">高血压伴有低钾<span style="color: black;">首要</span>应<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>：原发性醛固酮<span style="color: black;">增加</span>症。</span></span><span style="color: black;">146.<span style="color: black;">属于血管紧张素</span>II<span style="color: black;">功能的是：刺激肾上腺皮质网状带，使醛固酮分泌<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">147.<span style="color: black;">诊断休克的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>依据：临床表现。</span></span><span style="color: black;">148.<span style="color: black;">肥厚型梗阻性心肌病胸骨左缘的收缩期杂音变化正确的是：左室容积减少时<span style="color: black;">加强</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">149.<span style="color: black;">血容量不足时中心静脉压<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">小于</span>：</span>5cmH</span><span style="color: black;">2</span><span style="color: black;">0</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">150.<span style="color: black;">肥厚型梗阻性心肌病左室流出道狭窄的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>病理<span style="color: black;">基本</span>是：非对<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>性室间隔肥厚。</span></span><span style="color: black;">151. ARDS<span style="color: black;">最<span style="color: black;">初期</span>的症状是：<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>加快窘迫感。</span></span><span style="color: black;">152.<span style="color: black;">女性产后多<span style="color: black;">长期</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>心肌病改变<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为围生期心肌病：</span>2~20<span style="color: black;">周。</span></span><span style="color: black;">153.<span style="color: black;">诊断急性心包炎最具特征的体征是：心包摩擦音。</span></span><span style="color: black;">154.Fiedler<span style="color: black;">心肌炎病因是什么：</span>Coxsackie B<span style="color: black;">病毒感染。</span></span><span style="color: black;">155.<span style="color: black;">诊断典型心绞痛，最有特征的是：含硝酸甘油</span>5<span style="color: black;">分钟内<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>消失。</span></span><span style="color: black;">156.<span style="color: black;">哪项不是亚急性细菌性心内膜炎的心脏并发症：冠心病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">157.<span style="color: black;">休克病人<span style="color: black;">初期</span>尿的变化<span style="color: black;">那些</span>是错的：尿钠高。</span></span><span style="color: black;">158.<span style="color: black;">循环骤停的临界时间是：</span>4<span style="color: black;">分钟。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">159.<span style="color: black;">休克病人经补液后，血压仍低，中心静脉压不高，</span>5~10<span style="color: black;">分钟内经静脉注人等渗盐水</span>250ml</span><span style="color: black;">,如血压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，而中心静脉压不变，提示：血容量不足。</span></span><span style="color: black;">160.<span style="color: black;">亚急性感染性心内膜炎，最常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于；风湿性心瓣膜病。</span></span><span style="color: black;">161.<span style="color: black;">急性心脏压塞的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特征：</span>Beck<span style="color: black;">三联征。</span></span><span style="color: black;">162.<span style="color: black;">缩窄性心包炎最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的临床表现是：颈静脉怒张，肝大，腹水。</span></span><span style="color: black;">163.<span style="color: black;">心肌炎急性期能确诊的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是：心肌活检。</span></span><span style="color: black;">164.<span style="color: black;">急性左心衰竭，高度<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，烦躁不安时立即给予：吗啡皮下注射。</span></span><span style="color: black;">165.<span style="color: black;">老年人伴有心力衰竭的治疗：强心苷类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的剂量应减少。</span></span><span style="color: black;">166.<span style="color: black;">治疗强心苷类中毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span>阵发性室性心动过速，最有效的是：苯妥英钠和钾盐。</span></span><span style="color: black;">167.<span style="color: black;">慢性充血性心力衰竭的诱发<span style="color: black;">原因</span>中，最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的是：感染。</span></span><span style="color: black;">168.<span style="color: black;">左心衰竭的临床表现<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>：肺淤血、肺水肿<span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">169.<span style="color: black;">治疗强心苷类中毒，错误的是：凡是快速性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常均可给予苯妥英钠治疗。</span></span><span style="color: black;">170.<span style="color: black;">心力衰竭时可减轻心脏负荷的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>中，不正确的是：凡是心力衰竭的病人均应卧床<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">171.<span style="color: black;">哪种<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的急性左心衰竭禁用强心苷类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>：重度二尖瓣狭窄窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>。</span></span><span style="color: black;">172.<span style="color: black;">右心衰竭时较早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的临床表现是：颈静脉充盈和怒张。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">173.<span style="color: black;">急性心肌梗死时血清酶中<span style="color: black;">上升</span>最早的是：肌酸磷酸激酶</span></span><span style="color: black;">(</span><span style="color: black;">CPK</span><span style="color: black;">)。</span></span><span style="color: black;">174.<span style="color: black;">哪项<span style="color: black;">导致</span>左室压力负荷过重：高血压。</span></span><span style="color: black;">175.<span style="color: black;">左心衰竭时肺部啰音的特点是：湿啰音常见于两肺底，并随体位变化而改变。</span></span>
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