咳了一个冬天才诊断是哮喘，咳嗽伴同哪些症状和诱因最典型？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“尤其冬春交替之际很容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这种让人<span style="color: black;">懊恼</span>的咳嗽……她一来就说都咳了一<span style="color: black;">全部</span>冬天，一遇冷空气就咳，<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>打喷嚏、流鼻涕症状，咳久了还会咳出<span style="color: black;">有些</span>白色稀痰。”浙江大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>二院过敏科副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>汪慧英教授讲述的这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的苦恼，几乎是近期许多人<span style="color: black;">一起</span>的烦心事。可这个<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>的诊断结果却值得<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人警醒。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://q4.itc.cn/q_70/images03/20240308/722d90b6f63144cea8bcf3c183df80db.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">源自</span>：视觉中国</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">“感冒样症状+稀薄白痰”要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“仔细分析她的症状：每次冷空气来临都会咳嗽，伴打喷嚏、流鼻涕症状，久咳有白稀痰，<span style="color: black;">便是</span>‘感冒样症状+稀薄白痰’，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>讲述每当睡觉前和凌晨的时间段咳嗽会更剧烈，严重影响<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">汪教授告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>久咳不愈，<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>感冒样症状的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，咳出稀薄白痰，要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span><span style="color: black;">是否</span>有哮喘的可能性。哮喘这种慢性气道炎症性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的特点是气道对<span style="color: black;">各样</span>刺激物过敏并<span style="color: black;">出现</span>收缩，<span style="color: black;">引起</span>气道痉挛、气流受限和症状如咳嗽、喘息、胸闷等。但有的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>过去<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>过哮喘，不<span style="color: black;">表率</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>机会<span style="color: black;">病患</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>初起症状<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>咳嗽，但咳久了咳稀薄白痰就要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>了，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>哮喘的发病过程中，气道炎症是<span style="color: black;">重要</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>，当气道受到过敏原、感染或其他刺激物的刺激时，气道内的免疫细胞会释放炎症介质，如组胺、白三烯等。这些炎症介质会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>气道黏膜的水肿、充血和分泌<span style="color: black;">增加</span>，<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>气道狭窄和气流受限。而随着气道黏膜的充血和水肿，气道内的腺体<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会分泌<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的黏液。这些黏液中含有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>的白细胞、细菌和其他炎症细胞。当哮喘<span style="color: black;">病人</span>咳嗽时，这些含有炎症细胞的黏液会被咳出体外，形成我们所看到的稀薄白痰。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“哮喘<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的气道高反应性<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>咳稀薄白痰的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一。气道高反应的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，即使是<span style="color: black;">有些</span>轻微的刺激，如冷空气、烟雾等，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>气道的收缩和炎症，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>咳嗽和咳痰。”汪教授解释道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">总以为感冒但<span style="color: black;">始终</span>服药都<span style="color: black;">没</span>效要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">汪教授告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>，尤其这段时间以咳嗽、打喷嚏、流鼻涕症状为主诉来门诊的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>多，有普通感冒的，有感染流感病毒、新冠病毒、支原体感染的，还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>是过敏性鼻炎的，多种<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">原因</span>都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>这些症状，但与症状<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>存在这个现象，就要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span><span style="color: black;">是否</span>哮喘，<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">想要</span>到这个<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>及早<span style="color: black;">注意</span>和<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>哮喘，容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>致命<span style="color: black;">危险</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“这个现象<span style="color: black;">便是</span>：<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span>总以为是感冒，但<span style="color: black;">始终</span>服感冒药和止咳药都<span style="color: black;">没</span>效。一是思想麻痹大意，陷入认知上的经验性错误；二是擅自<span style="color: black;">乱用</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>对症处理。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">久咳但本身有感冒，室内还用暖气（火炉）等要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">汪教授指出，哮喘急性<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>最初跟感冒咳嗽症状很<span style="color: black;">类似</span>，尤其它又在冬春季节高发，冷空气刺激容易<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道收缩<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>哮喘，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>从症状上看又极易混淆人们的判断。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>本身就有感冒，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>感染过鼻病毒、流感病毒、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道合胞病毒等，它们都是诱发哮喘<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。还有室内开了采暖设备，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>暖气、火炉等，可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>室内空气质量下降，含有<span style="color: black;">海量</span>细菌、病毒和过敏原，这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是哮喘<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的潜在诱因。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">因此</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你感觉自己久咳不愈，本身你就有上<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道感染（感冒等），<span style="color: black;">此时</span>候要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>，<span style="color: black;">想要</span>想<span style="color: black;">可否</span>哮喘的初兆？去医院做个<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。家中天天开烤火炉的，每当闻到暖气蒸发过的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>受污染空气都会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>咳嗽，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>要<span style="color: black;">警觉</span>。”汪教授提醒道。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">这几个哮喘急性<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的先兆症状要记牢</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最后，汪教授提醒<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>记牢这几个哮喘急性<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>的先兆症状，可能在<span style="color: black;">重要</span>时刻<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>得到确诊和<span style="color: black;">即时</span>的救治。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>是“频繁的咳嗽+打喷嚏”，第二是“感冒样症状+咳稀薄白痰”，第三是总是夜间咳嗽加重；第四是咳嗽的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>感到胸闷、憋气<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>喘息症状。这些症状<span style="color: black;">能够</span>合并<span style="color: black;">显现</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>单独<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。都<span style="color: black;">意见</span>上医院接受正规<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和治疗。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>当身边人提醒你在<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>时有“像吹哨子<span style="color: black;">同样</span>”的“哮鸣音”说明哮喘急性<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>且比较严重，<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
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