干货|护考必要的高频考点
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">护考想要快速get高分，这些高频考点<span style="color: black;">必定</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>少。医护之家让你花最少的时间记住最多的考点~</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">隔离区域的划分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">清洁区：未被病原微生物污染的区域，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>治疗室、配餐室、更衣室、值班室、库房等以及隔离病区以外的地区</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">半污染区：有可能被病原微生物污染的区域，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>医护办公室、病区内走廊、检验室等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">污染区：被病原微生物污染的地区，<span style="color: black;">包含</span>病房、<span style="color: black;">病人</span>卫生间、浴室、病区外走廊等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">温馨提示：关于传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>区的划分，考生可简单地理解为：清洁区<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是医护人员活动的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>；半污染区是医护人员和<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>活动的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>；污染区<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活动的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不同浓度乙醇<span style="color: black;">功效</span>总结</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20%～30%乙醇：急性肺水肿时湿化给氧，从而降低肺泡内<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>的表面张力</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">30%乙醇：湿润、松解头发缠结</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">50%乙醇：皮肤按摩</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">75%乙醇：皮内注射和新生儿头皮静脉、脐部消毒，供皮区的消毒（70%）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">95%乙醇：用于燃烧法消毒和静脉炎湿敷等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">温馨提示：不同<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下温度总结如下：鼻饲液为38～40℃，床上洗头、沐浴水温、肛门坐浴为40～45℃，温水擦浴为50～52℃，热水袋为60～70℃。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">压疮的好发部位</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">仰卧位：枕骨粗隆、肩胛部、脊椎体隆突处、肘部、足跟，最常<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于骶尾部</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">侧卧位：耳廓、肩峰、肋骨、髋部、膝关节的内外侧、内外踝等处</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">俯卧位：面颊、耳廓、肩峰、髂前上棘、肋缘<span style="color: black;">明显</span>部、膝前部、足尖等处</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">坐位：<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于坐骨结节处</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">右心衰竭临床表现</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现为体循环静脉淤血，其症状以食欲不振、恶心呕吐、水肿、腹胀、少尿、肝区胀痛等为特征。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">体征：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）水肿：<span style="color: black;">初期</span>在身体的下垂部位和组织疏松部位，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>凹陷性水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）颈静脉怒张和肝颈静脉回流征阳性：右心衰竭可见颈静脉怒张；压迫病人的腹部或肝脏，可见颈静脉怒张更<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为肝颈静脉回流征阳性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）肝大和肝压痛：可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肝大和压痛。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（4）发绀：<span style="color: black;">因为</span>体循环静脉淤血，血流缓慢，血液中还原血红蛋白<span style="color: black;">增加</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">左心衰竭临床表现</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现为肺循环淤血。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难：最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的是劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，经<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>后缓解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）咳嗽、咳痰、咯血：咳嗽、咳痰<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>，多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在夜间，痰液特点为白色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样。如<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性肺水肿，则咳<span style="color: black;">海量</span>粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>痰。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）体征：心率加快、<span style="color: black;">第1</span>心音减弱、心尖区舒张期奔马律，部分病人可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>交替脉，是左心衰竭的特征性体征。肺部可闻湿啰音，急性肺水肿时可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>哮鸣音。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.乙醇擦浴时，禁擦的部位是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A．侧颈、上肢</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B．腋窝、腹股沟</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C．前胸、腹部</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D．臀部、下肢</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E．背部、肘窝</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.压疮<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>除下列哪项</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A.局部组织受压</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B.<span style="color: black;">运用</span>石膏绷带衬垫<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C.全身营养缺乏</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D.肌肉软弱萎缩</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E.皮肤<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>受潮湿及排泄物刺激</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.右心衰竭的临床表现不<span style="color: black;">包含</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A．肝脏压痛</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B．颈静脉怒张</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C．劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D．发绀</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E．身体下垂部位<span style="color: black;">显现</span>水肿</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.左心衰竭最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的症状是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A．劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B．夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C．端坐<span style="color: black;">呼气</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D．咯血</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E．咳嗽、咳痰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.患儿，6岁，诊断为“水痘”。护士<span style="color: black;">通知</span>其家长隔离区域的划分，属于半污染区的是</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A．治疗室</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">B．处置室</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">C．配餐间</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">D．护士值班室</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">E．<span style="color: black;">病人</span></p>
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<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-6893698ef6b82df3368eac22ab1742eb_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>医护之家名师有约——氧气雾化吸入医护之家名师有约——三分钟<span style="color: black;">认识</span>七步洗手法2019护考考点：卧位和安全的护理
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