护考考点大梳理(二)
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>急救<span style="color: black;">办法</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">坐马离西接小羊</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">坐:端坐位,双腿下垂</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">马:吗啡</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">离:利尿剂呋塞米</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">西:吸氧6-8L/min</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接:结扎四肢中的三肢</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">小:硝普钠</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">羊:洋地黄</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">慢性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.心功能分级</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一级:活动不受影响</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二级:活动轻度受限</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三级:活动<span style="color: black;">显著</span>受限</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四级:<span style="color: black;">不可</span>下床活动</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.左心衰的临床表现<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">次序</span>依次为(劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,端坐<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的病理生理<span style="color: black;">基本</span>是(体循环淤血),左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床症状<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的病理生理<span style="color: black;">基本</span>是(肺循环淤血)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.诱发和加重心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>和最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是(感染),<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是(<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道感染)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.容量负荷(前负荷)过重<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于(二尖瓣关闭不全,主动脉瓣关闭不全,房间隔<span style="color: black;">缺失</span>,室间隔<span style="color: black;">缺失</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">容量负荷过重<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于<span style="color: black;">由于</span>瓣膜关闭不全所<span style="color: black;">导致</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.压力负荷(后负荷)过重<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于(高血压,主动脉瓣狭窄,肺动脉高压,肺动脉瓣狭窄)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前两者是左心室压力负荷重,后两者是右心室压力负荷重,压力负荷过重<span style="color: black;">平常</span>于<span style="color: black;">由于</span>瓣膜狭窄<span style="color: black;">导致</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>最早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的是(<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.<span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性肺水肿病人咳(粉红<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样)痰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的体征是(交替脉),双肺底可闻及(湿罗音)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的临床表现是(<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.全心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>是(左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>兼有右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>)的症状,其中以(右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>)的表现为主</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>(凹陷性)水肿,表现为出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>身体的(下垂和组织疏松)部位</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的体征是(颈静脉怒张)和(肝颈静脉回流征阳性),可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肝(大)及肝区(压痛)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.右心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>发绀的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>(体循环静脉淤血,血流缓慢,血液中还原血红蛋白<span style="color: black;">增加</span>)<span style="color: black;">导致</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.治疗心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>最常用的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是(洋地黄类)药,常用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(地高辛,毛花苷丙),<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>为(<span style="color: black;">加强</span>心肌收缩力)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16.洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在急性心肌梗死(24)小时内不宜应用,<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>(<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>或加重<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17.洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的不良反应为(<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常),其中以(室早二联律)最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18.利尿剂的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是减少心脏(前负荷),以(排出<span style="color: black;">身体</span>多余潴留的液体,改善心功能)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19.扩血管药的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>是扩张小动脉,减轻(后负荷),扩张小静脉,减轻(前负荷),扩张小动脉常用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>血管紧张素转化酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂如(卡托普利),α受体阻滞剂(哌唑嗪),扩张小静脉常用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>硝酸酯类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(硝酸甘油)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20.卡托普利的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是(干咳),哌唑嗪<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是(体位性低血压),硝酸甘油<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是(颜面潮红,头痛,心动过速,血压下降)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21.<span style="color: black;">运用</span>洋地黄类<span style="color: black;">药品</span>之前应(<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>脉搏),服药之后若心率(<span style="color: black;">少于</span>60次/分)应(立即停药)并(报告<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">22.硝酸甘油的给药方式为(舌下给药),初次应用时用药后应(平卧<span style="color: black;">稍许</span>),<span style="color: black;">以避免</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>(体位性低血压)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">23.心功能一级<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活动(不受限制,但避免剧烈体力活动),心功能二级<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活动(适度,可适当做轻体力工作和家务),心功能三级<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活动(严格限制,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活可在别人<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>下进行),心功能四级<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(绝对卧床<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">24.慢性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的体位宜为(端坐位)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">25.<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>血管扩张剂,改变体位时动作不宜(过快),以防<span style="color: black;">出现</span>(直立性低血压)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">26.慢性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">膳食</span>应(高蛋白,高维生素,易消化,清淡),限制水钠摄入,每日食盐摄入应<span style="color: black;">少于</span>(5g)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">27.预防慢性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>方式为(预防呼吸道感染)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.急性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>以(急性左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>)最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>,多表现为(急性肺水肿)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.急性左心<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>特征性表现为(突发严重的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难),咳(<span style="color: black;">海量</span>粉红色<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>样)痰,病人的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现(大汗淋漓,烦躁不安,口唇青紫)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.急性肺水肿的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>体征为(双肺底布满湿罗音和哮鸣音),心尖部可闻及(舒张期奔马律)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.急性肺水肿<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应(双腿下垂坐位或半卧)位,以(减少静脉回流)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.急性肺水肿<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应(高流量高浓度)给氧,氧流量(6-8L/min),加入(20%-30%)的乙醇湿化,以(降低肺泡内<span style="color: black;">泡泡</span>表面张力,使肺泡破裂,改善通气)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.急性肺水肿<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>输液速度,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>为(20-30滴/分)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.应用硝普钠时应<span style="color: black;">重视</span>(现配现用),<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的时候要(避光)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冠心病病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.心绞痛<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>在(冠状动脉粥样硬化)的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>心脏负荷<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">出现</span>(冠状动脉供血不足),<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心肌急剧暂时缺血,缺氧所<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">综合症</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.心绞痛的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>部位是(胸骨体中上段之后),可在(<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>,<span style="color: black;">心情</span>激动时)<span style="color: black;">出现</span>,<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>呈(压迫性,紧缩性),含服(硝酸甘油)后可缓解</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.心绞痛的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>病因是(冠状动脉粥样硬化)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.典型心绞痛的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>特点是(<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>性胸痛),<span style="color: black;">连续</span>时间多在(1-5)分钟内</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.缓解心绞痛<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>最有效,<span style="color: black;">功效</span>最快的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>是(硝酸甘油)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.心绞痛<span style="color: black;">病人</span>适宜的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>为(低热量,适量蛋白,低脂肪<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>硝酸甘油的方式为(舌下含服)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>硝酸甘油后应(平卧),以防(低血压)的<span style="color: black;">出现</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.心绞痛病人洗澡时水温不宜(过冷或过热),时间(不宜过长)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性心肌梗死病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.急性心肌梗死是在(冠状动脉粥样硬化)的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,冠状动脉血供(急剧减少或中断),使相应的心肌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>严重的持久的缺血<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心肌坏死,心肌缺血(60)分钟以上,<span style="color: black;">就可</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>急性心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.急性心肌梗死最早,最<span style="color: black;">明显</span>的症状是(<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>),伴有(大汗淋漓,濒死感),<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>或<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>硝酸甘油(<span style="color: black;">没</span>效)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.急性心肌梗死病人最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的死亡<span style="color: black;">原由</span>是(心率失常),多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>于病后(1-2)天,以(室性)<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常多见,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.(室颤)是急性心肌梗死病人<span style="color: black;">初期</span>死亡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.急性心肌梗死心电图的特异性改变是(宽而深<span style="color: black;">反常</span>Q波,S-T段弓背向上抬高,T波扁平或倒置)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.急性心肌梗死<span style="color: black;">出现</span>心源性休克的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现为(烦躁不安,皮肤湿冷,脉搏细速,尿量减少,血压下降)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.急性心肌梗死时血清心肌酶测定<span style="color: black;">显现</span>最早,恢复最快的酶是(肌磷酸激酶)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.急性心肌梗死应用溶栓药应在(6小时)内应用,常用<span style="color: black;">药品</span>(尿激酶,链激酶)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.极化液的<span style="color: black;">成份</span>有(氯化钾1.5g,胰岛素10u加入10%葡萄糖溶液500ml)静脉滴注,应用极化液对改善心肌收缩功能,减少心率失常有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.急性心肌梗死当<span style="color: black;">出现</span>室性心率失常时应立即给予(利多卡因),<span style="color: black;">出现</span>室颤应立即实施(非同步直流)电复律</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.急性心肌梗死(24)小时内不宜应用洋地黄,<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>(诱发或加重室性心率失常)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.S-T段抬高急性心肌梗死定位和范围</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">v1-v6:广泛前壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">v1-v3:前间壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">v3-v5:局限前壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">v5-v6:前侧壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">II,III,aVF:下壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">I,aVL:高侧壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">v7-v8:正后壁心肌梗死</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.急性心肌梗死急性期病人应(绝对卧床<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>),避免(搬动)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.急性心肌梗死病人的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>宜(低热量,低脂,低胆固醇,<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>纤维素)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.急性心肌梗死病人应用尿激酶的目的是(溶解冠状动脉内血栓)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心脏瓣膜病病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.风湿性心脏病瓣膜病与(A族乙型溶血性链球菌反复感染)<span style="color: black;">相关</span>,最常受累的瓣膜是(二尖瓣),临床上最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的联合瓣膜病是(二尖瓣狭窄伴主动脉瓣关闭不全)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.二尖瓣狭窄最常<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状是(劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难),可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>心率失常,以(房颤)为<span style="color: black;">表率</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.二尖瓣狭窄可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的体征是(二尖瓣面容),表现为(面部两颧绀红,口唇轻度发绀),最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的体征是(心尖部可闻及舒张期隆隆样杂音),心尖搏动呈(抬举性),第二心音(亢进或分裂)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.二尖瓣狭窄<span style="color: black;">病人</span>心电图可表现为典型的(二尖瓣型P波),x线<span style="color: black;">检测</span>心脏呈(梨形),<span style="color: black;">由于</span>(左心房增厚)<span style="color: black;">导致</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.二尖瓣狭窄最<span style="color: black;">靠谱</span>的诊断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是(超声心动图)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.二尖瓣关闭不全的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>体征是(心尖部可闻及收缩期粗糙吹风样杂音,向腋下及肩胛下区传导)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.主动脉瓣狭窄典型的三联征是(劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,心绞痛,晕厥)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.主动脉瓣狭窄最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的体征是(主动脉瓣听诊区可闻及响亮粗糙的收缩期吹风样杂音,可向颈部传导)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.<span style="color: black;">知道</span>诊断主动脉瓣狭窄,判断狭窄程度的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>是(超声心动图)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.主动脉瓣关闭不全的最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的体征是(第二动脉瓣听诊区可闻及舒张<span style="color: black;">初期</span>叹气样杂音)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.主动脉瓣狭窄因脉压增大而产生(<span style="color: black;">周边</span>血管征),表现为(毛细血管搏动征,水冲脉,大动脉枪击音)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.主动脉关闭不全的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>表现为(心悸,心绞痛,夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.主动脉瓣关闭不全最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的诊断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是(超声心动图)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.心脏瓣膜病首要的并发症是(充血性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.心脏瓣膜病病人死亡的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是(充血性心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16.风湿性心脏病最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常是(房颤)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17.风湿性心脏病<span style="color: black;">出现</span>亚急性感染性心内膜炎<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的致病菌为(草绿色链球菌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18.风湿性心脏病<span style="color: black;">出现</span>栓塞多见于(二尖瓣狭窄伴有房颤)的病人,血栓脱落<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">周边</span>动脉栓塞,以(脑动脉栓塞)最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19.反复<span style="color: black;">出现</span>扁桃体炎的病人,在风湿活动<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>后(2-4)个月可手术摘除扁桃体</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20.风湿性心脏病病人在拔牙,内镜<span style="color: black;">检测</span>,导尿,分娩等手术前,应告诉病人自己有风湿性心脏病病史,应(预防性应用抗生素)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21.有风湿性心脏病病人的病人在活动后<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>肢体活动受限,站立不稳,并有口角歪斜,最可能并发了(脑栓塞)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">25.预防风湿性心脏病的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>是(积极防治<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道感染)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感染性心内膜炎病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.急感染性心内膜炎的病原体<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是(金黄色葡萄球菌),亚急性感染性心内膜炎的病原体<span style="color: black;">重点</span>是(草绿色链球菌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.感染性心内膜炎最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状是(发热),亚急性感染性心内膜炎起病隐匿,可有弛张性低热,全身不适,乏力,食欲不振,体重减轻,感染性急性心内膜炎常有急性化脓感染,可有高热,寒战,<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,常可突发心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.感染性心内膜炎<span style="color: black;">出现</span>动脉栓塞以(脑动脉)<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率高</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.感染性心内膜炎80%-85%病人可闻及心脏杂音,osler结节多见于(亚急性感染性心内膜炎),Janeway损害多见于(感染性心内膜炎)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.感染性心内膜炎最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的并发症是(心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>),<span style="color: black;">重点</span>由(瓣膜关闭不全)<span style="color: black;">导致</span>,以(主动脉瓣受损)最为多见</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.诊断菌血症和感染性心内膜炎最有价值的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是(血培养),<span style="color: black;">针对</span>为<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗的亚急性感染性心内膜炎病人应在(<span style="color: black;">第1</span>日)每隔(1小时)采血一次,共(3)次,已用过抗生素的病人,应停药(2-7天后)采血,每次取静脉血(10-20ml)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.感染性心内膜炎应用抗生素的原则是(<span style="color: black;">初期</span>应用,充分用药,静脉用药为主)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.感染性心内膜炎病人的<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>宜为(高热量,高蛋白,高维生素,易消化的半流质或流质<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.感染性心内膜炎病人行拔牙,扁桃体摘除,上<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道手术或侵入性<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和手术前,应(预防性<span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗生素)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">心率</span>失常病人的护理</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.心脏正常起搏点<span style="color: black;">位置于</span>(窦房结),窦性心率频率为(60-100)次/分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.窦性心动过速的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>常有(发热,甲亢,休克,贫血,剧烈运动)等,窦性心动过速的频率为(100-150)次/分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.窦性心动过速典型的心电图表现为<span style="color: black;">显现</span>(规律窦性P波),频率(>100)次/分,P-P间隔(<0.6)秒/分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>心电图特征是(P波在I,II,aVF导联直立,aVR倒置),PR间期(0.12-0.20)秒</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.窦性心动过缓<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>心率少于(60)次,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>窦性心动过缓的<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是(缺氧,<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>状态,高钾)等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.窦性心动过缓典型的心电图表现为(<span style="color: black;">显现</span>规律窦性P波,频率<60次/分,P-P间隔>1秒)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.窦性心率不齐指窦性心率频率在(60-100)次/分,快慢(不规则)关注【医言护语】公众号:yiyanhuyu领取15T精选医学资料</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.窦性心率不齐典型心电图表现为(窦性P波P-P或P-R间隔长短不一,相差>0.12秒以上)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.频发性室性期前收缩是(室性期前收缩<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>频率超过5次/分)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">9.二联律是(每一个窦性搏动后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一个期前收缩)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">10.三联律是(每两个窦性搏动后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>一个期前收缩)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">11.期前收缩<span style="color: black;">平常</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>有(<span style="color: black;">疲劳</span>,<span style="color: black;">心情</span>激动,冠心病,风湿性心脏病)等</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">12.期前收缩<span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床表现有(胸闷,心悸,乏力,<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>,<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>呈短暂性,间歇性或<span style="color: black;">连续</span>性)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">13.房性期前收缩典型心电图表现为(P波提早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,其形态与窦性P波相同,P-R间期>0.12秒,QRS波群形态与正常窦性<span style="color: black;">心率</span>QRS波群相同,期前收缩后有不完全代偿间歇)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">14.室性期前收缩典型心电图表现为(QRS波提早<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,形态宽大畸形,QRS时限>0.12秒,T波常与QRS波群的主波相反,期前收缩后有完全代偿间歇)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">15.频发房性,交界区性期前收缩常用(维拉帕米),室性期前收缩常<span style="color: black;">选择</span>(利多卡因)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">16.房颤的最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的病因是(风湿性心脏病)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">17.房颤时心房律为(350-600)次/分</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">18.持久性心房颤动最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的病发症是(动脉栓塞)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">19.房颤听诊的典型表现是(脉率少于心率,<span style="color: black;">第1</span>心音强弱不等,心率绝对不规则)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">20.房颤急性期首选的治疗是(同步直流电复律)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">21.最严重的心率失常是(室颤)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">22.室颤最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的病因是(急性心肌梗死)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">23.室颤<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的临床表现是(<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>丧失,瞳孔散大,发绀,血压测不清,颈动脉搏动消失)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">24.室颤典型心电图表现为(QRS波群与T波消失,呈完全<span style="color: black;">没</span>规则的<span style="color: black;">浪花</span>状曲线,形态,频率,振幅好低各异)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">25.一旦<span style="color: black;">出现</span>室颤,应立即进行的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>是(非同步直流电复律)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">26.随时都有猝死危险的心率失常有(阵发性室性心动过速,室颤,室扑,三度房室传导阻滞,多源性频发性室性期前收缩)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">27.阵发性室上性心动过速多见于(青年人),<span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床表现为(突发性心慌),心率(150-250)次/分,心电图表现为(QRS波群形态正常,P波为逆行性,与QRS波群保持恒定关系,起止<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">28.阵发性室性心动过速的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>临床表现为(突发性心慌),有(既往<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>)史,心电图表现为(连续三次以上快速宽大而畸形的QRS波,有心室夺获和室性融合波)</p>
你的话语如春风拂面,让我感到无比温暖。 回顾过去一年,是艰难的一年;展望未来,是辉煌的一年。 你的话语如春风拂面,温暖了我的心房,真的很感谢。 你的话深深触动了我,仿佛说出了我心里的声音。
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