心衰的症状有哪些?平常生活中必要注意哪些?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰是<span style="color: black;">各样</span>心脏结构或功能性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>心室充盈和(或)射血功能受损、心排血量<span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足机体组织代谢<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span>症状,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状有以下几种。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">·<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难:可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>不同程度的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难,如劳动后、夜间、坐立时都可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">·体力下降、乏力和虚弱:左心室排血量降低<span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足外周组织器官灌注,会<span style="color: black;">导致</span>乏力,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>模糊、记忆力<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>、焦虑、失眠等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">·咳嗽、咳痰和咯血:部分左心衰可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这些症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">·夜尿<span style="color: black;">增加</span>、尿量减少:<span style="color: black;">显现</span>肾血流<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的时候,会<span style="color: black;">显现</span>这些症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">·水肿:<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>下肢水肿,向上蔓延及全身,发展缓慢。<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">白日</span>站立后<span style="color: black;">显现</span>水肿,平卧<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>后消失;晚期<span style="color: black;">显现</span>全身性凹陷性水肿,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>卧床<span style="color: black;">病人</span>表现为腰骶部和下肢水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>和发展与神经内分泌系统——肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)有很大关系,<span style="color: black;">连续</span>激活RAAS<span style="color: black;">引起</span>心室肥厚、高血压和血管水肿,<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>心肌功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>恶化。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>治疗心衰,正确<span style="color: black;">运用</span>肾素血管紧张素<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂是其中的一个环节,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的肾素血管紧张素<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,<span style="color: black;">包括</span>血管紧张素转换酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂(ACEI)、血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)、血管紧张素受体脑啡肽酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂(ARNI),这些<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>延缓心肌重塑,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>改善心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的症状,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量,减少因心衰而住院的次数,降低死亡率。ARNI<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>ARB和脑啡肽酶<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂的双重<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,效果要优于单纯<span style="color: black;">运用</span>ACEI或ARB。</p>
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