心衰临床有什么症状？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>是一种<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的临床<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>，是任何<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>心脏结构和功能<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>心脏泵血<span style="color: black;">不可</span>满足组织代谢<span style="color: black;">必须</span>，或心脏仅在心室充盈压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下<span style="color: black;">才可</span>泵血正常的病理生理状态，最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的表现是<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、<span style="color: black;">没</span>力和液体潴留。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-4235b75d1cf58f9c70a5420c68b523c7_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">急性心衰的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>表现：</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">急性心衰在临床上以急性左心衰最为<span style="color: black;">平常</span>，急性右心衰则较为少见。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">原来心功能正常的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>出现<span style="color: black;">原由</span>不明的疲乏和运动耐力<span style="color: black;">显著</span>减低以及心率<span style="color: black;">增多</span>15-20/min，可能是左心功能降低的最<span style="color: black;">初期</span>征兆。继续发展可<span style="color: black;">显现</span>劳力性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、夜间阵发性<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、睡觉需用枕头抬高头部等；<span style="color: black;">检测</span>可<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>左心衰增大、闻及舒张<span style="color: black;">初期</span>或中期奔马律、P2亢进、两肺尤其肺底部有细湿啰音，还可有干性啰音和哮鸣音，提示已有左心功能<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-cb6165e40b1db68d2e23a7907a1dbf49_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;">慢性心衰的临床表现：</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1，外周水肿和充血：<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难、疲倦、乏力、食欲<span style="color: black;">衰退</span>等症状，体征是外周水肿，颈静脉压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，肺淤血、肝大、腹水、液体潴留、恶病质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2，肺水肿：在静息时有严重的<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难等症状，体征是肺部湿啰音、胸腔积液、心动过速、气促。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3，心源性休克（低心排血量<span style="color: black;">综合症</span>）：<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有<span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>、乏力、末梢循环差、<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>困难，体征是外周灌注不足、收缩压＜90mmHg、少尿或<span style="color: black;">没</span>尿、<span style="color: black;">一般</span>血压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>、左心室肥厚、射血分数正常。</p>
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