心衰的5个典型症状
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 老病号都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，典型心衰的可用FACES来判断，即疲劳（F）、活动受限（A）、胸闷（C）、水肿或踝部肿胀（E）、气短（S）。但某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，症状表现并不<span style="color: black;">显著</span>，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>让人感觉跟心衰都扯不上边。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">01</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5个典型症状</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">警觉</span>心衰</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.久咳不愈</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">久咳不愈，除了<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>道的问题<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是心衰。这一症状在老年病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中比较多见，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>常在夜间<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>时<span style="color: black;">显现</span>阵发性咳嗽，并伴有胸闷、憋气等症状。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>将枕头垫高或咳时坐起可减轻。某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，病人会因<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>胸闷而被憋醒，坐起或站立后<span style="color: black;">才可</span>逐步缓解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.食欲不振</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>右心衰的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>而言，右心回流血液受阻<span style="color: black;">伴同</span>的体循环静脉压<span style="color: black;">上升</span>，会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>内脏（胃肠道、肝、胆等）瘀血，从而影响消化，诱发食欲不振等症状。还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>患者可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>腹胀、恶心呕吐、便秘、腹泻等消化系统症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.焦虑不安</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">导致</span>焦虑不安的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，除了<span style="color: black;">心情</span>以外，还有可能是心衰的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>表现。这类<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">心情</span>稳<span style="color: black;">按时</span>仍觉心悸、心慌、坐立不安。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>，心脏泵血能力衰退会让脑血流量减少，脑细胞缺氧则会诱发<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>波动，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>焦虑、抑郁等。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">显现</span><span style="color: black;">以上</span>症状时应<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">干涉</span>，防止症状进一步加重。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.夜尿<span style="color: black;">增加</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">右心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>心排血量降低，体循环瘀血，有效循环血量减少，会让肾血流不足，从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>24小时总尿量减少。但卧床<span style="color: black;">休憩</span>时，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>回心血量相对<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，心输出量<span style="color: black;">增加</span>，从而<span style="color: black;">导致</span>夜尿<span style="color: black;">增加</span>。<span style="color: black;">必须</span>提醒的是，心源性水肿多从足踝、小腿等<span style="color: black;">起始</span>，而肾源性水肿常常从头面部<span style="color: black;">起始</span>。并且，心源性水肿的患者尿常规<span style="color: black;">都数</span>正常，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>伴有心衰其他症状。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.头昏<span style="color: black;">头昏</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>差、颈椎病、高血压等都可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>头昏<span style="color: black;">头昏</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">头昏</span>头昏的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，还<span style="color: black;">显现</span>血压<span style="color: black;">显著</span>偏低，就可能是心衰。<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>严重还可能<span style="color: black;">显现</span>晕厥、心源性休克等危及生命的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，此时应<span style="color: black;">快速</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">02</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>生活禁忌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">需做好8件事</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出现</span>心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>后，要主动养成良好的健康习惯，以促进身体<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>。心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在家庭<span style="color: black;">恢复</span>方面应做好的8件事。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1.<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>体重</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">体重<span style="color: black;">增多</span>是心力<span style="color: black;">衰尽</span>的最初迹象之一，<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着水肿或组织中液体在积聚。心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>起床后应先解<span style="color: black;">体积</span>便，<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>体重。若一天内体重<span style="color: black;">增多</span>1.3千克或<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>内<span style="color: black;">增多</span>2.3千克，应<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2.监测血压</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">美国梅奥诊所医学专家认为，高血压会给心脏施加压力，使心肌力量变弱。美国心脏协会<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应<span style="color: black;">定时</span>监测血压，<span style="color: black;">出现</span>波动要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3.限制液体摄入</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肾脏处理钠和水的能力较差，摄入<span style="color: black;">太多</span>液体会加重病情。美国心脏协会<span style="color: black;">意见</span>，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span>液体摄入量<span style="color: black;">不该</span>超过2升。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4.少吃盐</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">盐会使额外的液体积聚在<span style="color: black;">身体</span>，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>心衰恶化。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">食品</span>含<span style="color: black;">隐匿</span>的钠，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>，买罐头或冷冻食品时<span style="color: black;">选取</span>标有“低盐”或“<span style="color: black;">没</span>盐”<span style="color: black;">制品</span>，不吃培根、油炸食品、快餐等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5.遵医嘱服药</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在橱柜、冰箱等处贴上<span style="color: black;">便签</span>，或用手机设置提醒功能，督促自己服药。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6.穿宽松保暖的衣服</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不穿过紧的袜子、内裤或紧身裤，<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>阻碍血液从下肢流向心脏，避免下肢血栓的形成。美国的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>，体温下降会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>再次住院的可能性，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>保暖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">7.养成良好<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>习惯</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">英国帝国理工学院<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《新英格兰医学杂志》上的一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>，心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>中，<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span><span style="color: black;">呼气</span>暂停的发病率约为50%~75%，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>要养成良好的<span style="color: black;">睡觉</span>习惯。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">8.安装家庭监控设备</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>老年心衰<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，有<span style="color: black;">前提</span>者可在家中安装智能监控设备，便于家属监测<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的血压、心率、体重、液体潴留、体温等<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-034ffd49bf066cdd9198804c17cd9c75_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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