外贸货运平常术语都有哪些?56条货运平常术语,快保藏起来!
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在货运业务中有许多<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的术语,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>理解明白这些术语,<span style="color: black;">否则</span>会影响到<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>业务的进行,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会影响<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>跟客户沟通的效率。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一块</span>来<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>货运术语吧!</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、FOB (离岸价) </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指卖方将货物运输到指定港口,并负责将货物装到买方指定的船上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、CIF(成本保险加运费)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卖家负责货物的运费和保险<span style="color: black;">花费</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在货物交付给船运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>之后,<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会转移给买方。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、EXW (工厂交货价)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">买方负责从卖方的工厂或仓库取货,并承担运输和保险<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、B/L (提单) </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提单是船运<span style="color: black;">机构</span>发的收据,用来证明货物<span style="color: black;">已然</span>装船。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、Teu (二十英尺集装箱标准单位)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">TEU的全<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为Twenty-foot Equivalent Unit,最初用于描述20尺集装箱。随着时间的推移,TEU已<span style="color: black;">作为</span>物流运输业中计量货物容量的标准单位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">6、LCL(less than container load拼箱)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">货主托运零散或小数量的货物由承运人负责装箱的一种方式。承运人接到这种货物后,按性质和目的地进行<span style="color: black;">归类</span>,把同一目的地、性质相同的货物拼装进同一个集装箱进行运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">7、FCL (Full Container Load整箱) </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">指的是一<span style="color: black;">全部</span>集装箱的货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">8、Demurrage (滞期费)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当货物在规定的时间内<span style="color: black;">无</span>被取走,仓库或港口会收取的额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">9、Detention (扣留费)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当集装箱在规定的时间内<span style="color: black;">无</span>被返回给船<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,会收取的额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">十、</span>Incoterms (国际贸易术语解释通则) </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">由国际商会制定的一套定义国际贸易中货物交货<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的规则。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">11、AWB (Air Way Bill)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">空运提单,由航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>或其代理人发出的货物运输凭证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">12、CBM (Cubic Meter)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">立方米,货物体积的计量单位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">13、ETA (Estimated Time of Arrival)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预计到达时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">14、ETD (Estimated Time of Departure)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">预计离开时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">15、POD (Port of Discharge)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">卸货港,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>货物的目的地港口。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">16、POL (Port of Loading)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">装货港,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>货物的出发地港口。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">17、T/T (Transit Time)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">运输时间,从装货港到卸货港的预计时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">18、NVOCC (Non-Vessel Operating Common Carrier)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>船公共承运人,<span style="color: black;">无</span>船只但<span style="color: black;">供给</span>海运服务的货运代理。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">19、RO/RO (Roll-On/Roll-Off)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">滚装船,车辆<span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接开.上开下的- -种货船。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">20、Break bulk Cargo</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在集装箱<span style="color: black;">显现</span>之前,货物都是以break bulk cargo(散货)方式运输。 货物有包装,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>说以箱子、桶和托盘等方式包装运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,即不是bulk货物,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不是装在集装箱内,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>break bulk cargo了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">21、Cross Docking</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">货物在中转站进行重新分配和装载,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>直接发往目的地,<span style="color: black;">没</span>需进入仓库存储。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">22、Deadhead</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>返回原地或前往下一目的地时未装载货物的状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">23、Intermodal</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">越库。指<span style="color: black;">经过</span>两种或两种以上的运输方式进行的货物运输,如海运和公路运输的结合。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">24、Pallet</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">托盘。用木头<span style="color: black;">或</span>塑料板钉成的托,有两层中间为空,用于集中<span style="color: black;">安置</span>货物,便于货物的搬运和运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">25、SLC (Shippers Load and Count)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">发货人装货并计数,发货人负责装箱并确认货物数量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">26、BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">燃油附加费,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>燃料价格波动而产生的额外<span style="color: black;">花费</span>。.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">27、CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">货币<span style="color: black;">调节</span>因子,用于弥补汇率变动带来的成本差异。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">28、DDU (Delivered Duty Unpaid)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到达指定地点(未缴关税),卖方负责将货物运送到买方指定的地点,但买方负责支付进口关税。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">29、Bulk Cargo</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">散货,不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>包装就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接装在船舱内的货物,如煤、矿石等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">30、DDP (Delivered Duty Paid)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到达指定地点(已缴关税),卖方负责将货物运送到买方指定的地点,并负责支付进口关税。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">31、DR (Dock Receipt)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">码头收据,确认货物<span style="color: black;">已然</span>交给运输<span style="color: black;">机构</span>的证明。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">32、FEU (Forty-Foot Equivalent Unit)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四十英尺等效单位,用于衡量集装箱船的载货量。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">33、GRI (General Rate Increase)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>运费<span style="color: black;">提高</span>,运输<span style="color: black;">机构</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的运费<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">34、HAWB (House Airway Bill)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">航空货运代理签发给各<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人的货物收据及提货凭证。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了节省运费,航空货运代理常以集中托运者(Consoli Dator)的身份,将各<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人的零星货物集中在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>向航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>托运。但航空<span style="color: black;">机构</span>只签发一套航空运单,<span style="color: black;">没</span>法分给各<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>航空代理就签发航空分运单发给各<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人。<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>人可将此凭证寄给到达站收货人,收货人就凭分运单向到达站航空代理所<span style="color: black;">拜托</span>的代理人提取货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">35、MAWB (Master Airway Bill)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 总航空运单。它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为空运主提单、大提单、航空总运单、主航空提单</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">36、IPI (Inland Point Intermodal)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">内陆点之间的多式联运,从海港到内陆点的运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">37、OOG (Out of Gauge)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超出规格,指的是超过标准集装箱尺寸的货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">38、OTI (Ocean Transportation Intermediary)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">海运<span style="color: black;">中间商</span>,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>货物运输和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>服务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">39、Reefer(Reefer container)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冷藏集装箱,用于运输<span style="color: black;">必须</span>冷藏或冷冻的货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">40、W/M (Weight or Measure)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">重量<span style="color: black;">或</span>尺度,计费时<span style="color: black;">根据</span>重量<span style="color: black;">或</span>尺寸中<span style="color: black;">很强</span>的一方计算。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">41、Backhaul</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>返回运输或前往下一目的地时,携带的货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">42、Bill of Lading (BOL)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">提单,是承运人或其代理人签发的证明货物已收到并承诺运送到目的地的文件。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">43、Cartage</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本地运输,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>指的是短途运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">44、Consolidation</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">合并,将多个较小的货物合并成一个大货物进行运输,以<span style="color: black;">加强</span>运输效率。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">45、Deconsolidation</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">拆分,将一个大 货物分拆为多个较小的货物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">46、Freight Forwarder</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">货运代理,为货物的发送者或接收者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>运输服务。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">47、High Cube</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">高立方集装箱,比标准集装箱更高。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">48、Inbound</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">进口,指的是货物从<span style="color: black;">外区</span>运输到本地。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">49、Outbound</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">出口,指的是货物从本地运输到<span style="color: black;">外区</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">50、Line Haul</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">长途运输,指的是货物从一个城市运输到另一个城市。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">51、LTL (Less than Truckload)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">零担运输,当货物数量不足以装满一<span style="color: black;">全部</span>运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>时,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>零担运输。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">52、FTL (Full Truckload)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">整车运输,指的是货物数量足以装满一<span style="color: black;">全部</span>运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">53、P&D (Pickup and Delivery)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">取货和送货,指的是从发货人处取货并送到接收人处。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">54、Gateway</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">门户,指的是<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的入口和出口点,如<span style="color: black;">重点</span>的海港或机场。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">55、Transloading</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转运,指的是将货物从一个运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>转移到另一个运输<span style="color: black;">工具</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">56、Track and Trace</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">跟踪和<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>,指的是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>系统跟踪和<span style="color: black;">跟踪</span>货物的运输<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">编辑</p>
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