9q13nh 发表于 2024-7-10 06:07:00

快消品B2B真是一个赢者通吃的游戏吗?


    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyBmG11JE4uQfDdGUbRaGp25Plr4XqNfxpCZs3ocygstJP6OkmhLO1eQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从2017年下半年<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,投资圈对<span style="color: black;">全部</span>快消品B2B行业似乎都有一个共识:<span style="color: black;">由于</span>京东阿里等巨头的进入,这条赛道<span style="color: black;">好似</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>投了,快消品B2B<span style="color: black;">必定</span>会被京东阿里等巨头通吃掉。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>新经销认为,快消品行业B2B,现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>并不<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是个赢者通吃的游戏,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>这条赛道有可能在接下来几年会跑出一批优秀的独角兽,至于鹿死谁手,还需要一个漫长的孕育期之后,<span style="color: black;">才可</span>够看清楚战局。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">今天笔者先从时间和空间两个维度,和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>分享一下新经销<span style="color: black;">针对</span>快消品 B2B关于竞争,以及<span style="color: black;">将来</span>发展的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>思考:</p>空间维度<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">先和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>讨论互联网上的两个概念:网络效应和规模效应。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>互联网里面的网络效应和规模效应。</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">网络效应:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyHibBP530olXqkcRxIGicTAbloAGXQg7059UJ7XUYetladZ6UlUaOZ4Ag/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的网络效应,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>网络<span style="color: black;">其中</span>的每一个成员都是这个网络<span style="color: black;">其中</span>的一个节点,<span style="color: black;">微X</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>很典型的网络效应,<span style="color: black;">微X</span>的特点是你的<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>,你的<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>,你的客户,你的亲人,所有的人,都在这个网络<span style="color: black;">其中</span>,当所有人在一个协同网络里的时候,你是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法离开这个网络的,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>迁移成本实在是太高了,这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>很典型的网络效应。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">规模效应:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">出行市场<span style="color: black;">便是</span>很典型的规模效应。不论<span style="color: black;">近期</span>滴滴打车和美团打车在上海的互怼,还是摩拜和OFO之间的竞争,<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>之间的竞争你会<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>:不论滴滴的规模做到多大,OFO和摩拜单车投放的车辆有多少,都<span style="color: black;">没</span>法阻止新的竞争对手进入到这个市场。<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>用户<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>谁的服务效果都是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>。用户的迁移成本<span style="color: black;">能够</span>忽略不计,只要市场有机会,就会有新的竞争者进入。里面的玩家能做的,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">持续</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>做大规模来<span style="color: black;">提高</span>自己的竞争力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyrMTDCIFyALfa58bIkWWicgqZ0vVY2l9JbBAE0zgq60LjcUPZVL6wxYw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这<span style="color: black;">便是</span>规模效应。<span style="color: black;">况且</span>,规模效应有一个问题,新进入的玩家<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>密集的资金投入克服竞争的不对等。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyNqFytR901cADhkjcBCU5NxlawqicAOibLn4R183ic0DgoczOx3a0nbarg/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">快消品 B2B 行业其实是一个很典型的规模效应市场</strong></span><span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>小店主<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,小店主<span style="color: black;">选取</span>谁家的平台进货效果都是<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>B端用户是一个理性决策思维模式,这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>,谁的价格低,谁的综合体验好,就会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>谁,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>小店主几乎<span style="color: black;">无</span>什么迁移成本。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>快消品行业,能够实现规模效应吗?</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">快消品行业实现规模,模式分成两种:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyvDf0zPL6VwS6U9VqleH4D6ibpRQluZwL4Hq26ZxXtDqYRRIBic4TAXjw/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">平台的交易流量规模,以及跨地区市场覆盖规模。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">流量规模效应:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">讲流量规模,要先讲B2C与B2B之间的对比:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B2C是有流量规模效应的。消费者在 B2C 的购买是高频的,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>采购的商品却是<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的。同一款商品,极少<span style="color: black;">能够</span>让用户在一个店内<span style="color: black;">短期</span>重复购买两次,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>平台的小店主<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,平台的流量就会变得<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>的有价值。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyFj5ULgnEa1mYQ15vJ8EibibvotkAlq8qcJgkqiaE3Drrm4sBiaiaB5RcMxQ/640?wx_fmt=png&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>用户<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,他的需求<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是多元的。大平台,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>有足够多的长尾商品,以及足够多的商家,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>限满足用户长尾需求和比价需求。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,B2C流量规模越大,所带来规模效应就越大。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>B2B<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,服务的对象是小店,面积有限,要讲坪效和周转率,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>小店<span style="color: black;">必须</span>的是有效的商品组合,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>长尾需求极少。小店开店,只要1500个SKU就够了。快消品的特点之一<span style="color: black;">便是</span>消费者对品牌的认知度较高,头部商品会占<span style="color: black;">全部</span>门店<span style="color: black;">营销</span>的70%-80%。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,你平台SKU再多,交易量仍然只会向头部品牌和部分高频品类集中,但是,头部品牌和高频品类,平台<span style="color: black;">终极</span>是<span style="color: black;">无</span>定价权的。这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>平台流量再大,仍然带不来买卖双方对平台的依赖。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">跨地区的规模效应:</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B2C 时代,商品<span style="color: black;">因为</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>经过一批二批,直接卖给消费者,利润足够高,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>集中仓储,一件代发来配送全国。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>B2B一个很典型特点是商品流通层级<span style="color: black;">不足</span>,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>利润不高,商品要分销到全国,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>最少1500家以上代理商。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>利润太低,又非常高频,品牌商不得不小心翼翼的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>好自己商品的价格体系。于是便衍生出一个特有的产物,区域独家代理,禁止窜货。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>,你北京的商品,是没法卖到天津的,天津的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">无</span>办法卖到河北的。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>商品,都只能本地采购。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>你覆盖的市场区域再大,在供应链组织上还得一个一个市场的搞。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">况且</span>在交付效率上,跨地区并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>比本地化高到哪里去。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,跨地区的规模效应,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">不可</span>凸显。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的B2B,是用新技术来<span style="color: black;">处理</span>老办法,仅仅是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>技术去<span style="color: black;">处理</span>掉传统供应链的效率问题,本质上还是效率与规模之间的问题,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>之前讲过了,规模是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法制造垄断的。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可是<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把B2B放到一个更大的时间尺度上来看,其会是互联网巨头的游戏吗?</span></p>时间维度<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>B2B 行业的发展趋势探讨</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">B2B是对线下存量市场的改造,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>行业的变革要取决于场内玩家的利益、思维、运营模式的系统转变。新经销认为,B2B将会有一个很漫长的孕育期,资本并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>够催化这个行业的变革。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这个行业的变革,还是要取决于市场和消费者,对品牌,对零售<span style="color: black;">途径</span>的认知、理解和消费习惯的改变。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从发展<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,我认为,B2B将会有3个发展<span style="color: black;">周期</span>:1.0、2.0和3.0<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/WFUq3GoJlzKLsIDAt5sfZzR6DfwicoMRyVL9FEYFuNuXEkhjDiaD3VVc2W7BWkww223s1fGyCOENCeItr61aOdsQ/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.0:新平台<span style="color: black;">周期</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">特点:增效率降成本</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在竞争层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>技术快速普及,行业快速扩张,行业内群雄并起,诸侯割据,这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>是大投入<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,谁能够拿到融资,并且完成<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的市场布局,谁就能够在这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>脱颖而出,并顺利的拿到进入下一个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的门票。这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>很典型的特点是价格战,<span style="color: black;">补助</span>,大<span style="color: black;">花费</span>投入。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在运营层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">在业务模式上,几乎所有的<span style="color: black;">机构</span>,都是在把传统的<span style="color: black;">制品</span>搬运到了网上,用新的技术来<span style="color: black;">处理</span>行业<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>存在的旧的问题,用技术手段实现生产力<span style="color: black;">提高</span>,成本下降。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.0:新<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">特点:新平台孵化新产业</strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在竞争层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">B2B进入成熟期,行业教育和<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>投入告一段落,主流的市场<span style="color: black;">已然</span>充分覆盖。<span style="color: black;">有些</span>拿不到融资,<span style="color: black;">无</span>资源的 B2B <span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>掉队,B2B的竞争,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>从抢地盘到了深耕运营的<span style="color: black;">周期</span>。行业内<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>兼并、整合和淘汰。这个过程<span style="color: black;">其中</span>,产业上下游的玩家<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>向B2B<span style="color: black;">行业</span>延伸和渗透,竞争边界<span style="color: black;">起始</span>变得模糊。各个平台的商业模式<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>趋同。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在运营层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">2.0是强运营<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,交易数据的颗粒度在增大,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>慢慢的<span style="color: black;">起始</span>对品牌商的决策<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>与支持。这个<span style="color: black;">周期</span>一个最鲜明的特征是:B2B<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>天然的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>特性,<span style="color: black;">起始</span>为<span style="color: black;">有些</span>新兴的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>个体赋能,基于B2B平台的新兴<span style="color: black;">商场</span>模式如<span style="color: black;">没</span>人零售、为B2B服务的TP商等这类只能<span style="color: black;">存活</span>在大供应链体系下的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>个体<span style="color: black;">海量</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.0:新生态<span style="color: black;">周期</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">特点:新产业催生新生态</strong></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在竞争层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">行业高度兼并整合,全国只剩下三四个大平台,<span style="color: black;">或</span>更少。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>资本、技术、资源,对产业链和市场进行深度整合。竞争的范围,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>从 B2B 延伸到<span style="color: black;">全部</span>产业链(品牌商、零售商)。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">在运营层面:</strong></span><span style="color: black;">精细化运营,<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的营销能力将会<span style="color: black;">作为</span>平台的核心竞争力,B2B <span style="color: black;">亦</span>会更进一步<span style="color: black;">作为</span>产业更底层的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>。在这个<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>之上,<span style="color: black;">全部</span>平台<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>有<span style="color: black;">商场</span>交易的个体,还会有<span style="color: black;">各样</span>多元的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>形态<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,<span style="color: black;">全部</span> B2B 会变成新兴的<span style="color: black;">商场</span>生态。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">以上,从空间和时间两个尺度,和<span style="color: black;">大众</span>探讨了 B2B 现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的发展特点和<span style="color: black;">将来</span>的发展趋势,新经销认为虽然B2B现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的问题还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>的问题还仅仅是产业发展某个特定<span style="color: black;">周期</span>新旧<span style="color: black;">商场</span>体利益博弈的小问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从更大的时间尺度上来看,数字化技术对<span style="color: black;">途径</span>的升级改造<span style="color: black;">必定</span>是大势所趋。并且<span style="color: black;">因为</span>供应链天然的<span style="color: black;">基本</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>特性,<span style="color: black;">将来</span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>产业的整合,可能真的<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>B2B 来完成。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">-END-</span></p>
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情迷布拉格 发表于 2024-9-7 01:33:52

“NB”(牛×的缩写,表示叹为观止)‌

nqkk58 发表于 2024-10-17 15:44:47

你的努力一定会被看见,相信自己,加油。

m5k1umn 发表于 2024-10-18 11:30:27

楼主果然英明!不得不赞美你一下!

qzmjef 发表于 2024-10-24 05:34:44

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