诱导癌细胞衰老再消灭!上海专家肝癌治疗新突破
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> <span style="color: black;">近期</span>,《自然》(Nature)在线<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了上海交通大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>仁济医院上海市肿瘤<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所与荷兰癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所的合作成果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>基因敲除筛选技术CRISPR-Cas9结合高通量化合物筛选,首次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>诱导TP53突变的肝癌细胞,使之<span style="color: black;">出现</span>衰老,<span style="color: black;">从而</span>特异清除肝癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>对正常生长细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span>影响的肝癌治疗策略。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>,团队创新性地阐述了“组合拳式(One-two punch)”肝癌治疗模式,有望为肝癌治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>新思路。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">期刊通讯作者之<span style="color: black;">1、</span>仁济医院上海市肿瘤<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员覃文新介绍,肝癌是一种多基因参与、多<span style="color: black;">原因</span>介导、病理机制<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的恶性肿瘤。“<span style="color: black;">按照</span>最新的肝癌流行病统计数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,东亚地区肝癌发病率约为35.5/10万人,是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的肝癌高发区,而我国<span style="color: black;">更加是</span>重灾区。<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>每年新增病例约85万例、死亡病例约80万例,其中中国的新增病例与死亡病例约占<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>总数的一半。在所有瘤种中,肝癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>率位列第4位、死亡率位列第3位。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">他解释,肝细胞癌(HCC)是原发性肝癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>类型,约占肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的85%至90%。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>肝癌,手术切除和肝移植仍是最为有效的治疗手段。然而,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>肝癌<span style="color: black;">初期</span>诊治困难,病情<span style="color: black;">发展</span>快、预后较差,大部分<span style="color: black;">病人</span>确诊时已失去了手术<span style="color: black;">机会</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">近10年来,随着基因组测序技术的高速发展和广泛应用,人们对肝癌基因组特性有了较为深入的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>,许多信号通路中<span style="color: black;">关联</span>基因的突变与肝癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>发展密切<span style="color: black;">关联</span>,然而与肺癌<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)突变等不同,肝癌的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>突变类型并<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接<span style="color: black;">做为</span>有效的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>靶点,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着<span style="color: black;">没</span>成药性。“在<span style="color: black;">日前</span>的临床诊疗中,多靶点<span style="color: black;">药品</span>索拉非尼和乐伐替尼是中晚期肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的标准疗法,然而其临床疗效<span style="color: black;">非常</span>有限。”覃文新说。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">除了缺少有效<span style="color: black;">药品</span>靶点,肝癌的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>存在着<span style="color: black;">许多</span>问题。“<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,抗肿瘤化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>大多针对细胞增殖特点而<span style="color: black;">开发</span>,如<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的氟尿嘧啶、铂类、紫杉醇等,这就<span style="color: black;">引起</span>一个问题:在杀死肿瘤细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,这些<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>杀死了人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>增殖更新的正常组织细胞。如造血系统细胞、小肠上皮细胞、毛发上皮细胞等。”覃文新告诉记者,化疗<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>的<span style="color: black;">海量</span>脱发、食欲不振、血小板数量骤降等,其实都是<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的结果,且“杀敌一千,自损八百”的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>仅能非常有限地延长肿瘤<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期,并非最佳<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可否</span>能找到一种<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,在<span style="color: black;">精细</span>消灭肿瘤细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>不影响正常细胞增殖呢?为此,<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队利用肝癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">自己</span>特点(如TP53突变),<span style="color: black;">首要</span>特异地将肝癌细胞诱导进入某种特定状态(如让细胞衰老),使得该状态下的肝癌细胞存在<span style="color: black;">得到</span>性弱点,再<span style="color: black;">按照</span>该弱点进行<span style="color: black;">药品</span>筛选。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">“<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>将此策略<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为‘组合拳式’肝癌治疗模式。<span style="color: black;">第1</span>招类似拳击的‘虚招’,即利用肿瘤细胞存在的特异突变,将其特异地诱导到某种特定状态,如细胞衰老状态,使肿瘤细胞露出‘破绽’,而对人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>其它增殖的正常细胞<span style="color: black;">无</span>影响或影响较小;接下来的的第二招‘实招’,即特异地将衰老的肿瘤细胞清除掉。”</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>,<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>让肝癌细胞衰老呢?本研究中,团队运用基于激酶组学的CRISPR-Cas9基因敲除筛选技术,探索影响肝癌细胞增殖和存活的潜在靶点,再<span style="color: black;">经过</span>小规模化合物筛选特异诱导肝癌细胞衰老,但对正常细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span><span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>的化合物。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">科研</span>首次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>细胞分裂周期激酶(CDC7)<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂能特异地诱导TP53突变肝癌细胞衰老,而对TP53野生型肝癌细胞和正常细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span>衰老诱导<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。在肺癌和结肠癌细胞中,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>观察到了类似实验结果。<span style="color: black;">据说</span>,TP53突变的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>约占肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的35%至40%,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着,该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>或对<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>每年逾30万新发<span style="color: black;">病人</span>带来新福音。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>招成功诱导肝癌细胞特异性<span style="color: black;">出现</span>衰老的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,团队再<span style="color: black;">经过</span>高通量化合物筛选特异促进衰老细胞死亡的化合物。<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,<span style="color: black;">日前</span>临床治疗抑郁症的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>舍曲林<span style="color: black;">能够</span>特异地促进衰老肝癌细胞凋亡,“它可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>下调哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信号通路促进衰老肝癌细胞凋亡。”</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-abc32f399a402d8631ac7ad2268fa620_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>,团队已在肝癌动物模型中证实,CDC7<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂和mTOR<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂联合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>,能<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>肝癌<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,其<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">明显</span>优于多靶点<span style="color: black;">药品</span>索拉非尼等。“<span style="color: black;">日前</span>,CDC7<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂和mTOR<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂均已<span style="color: black;">处在</span>临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>,有望为肝癌治疗<span style="color: black;">供给</span>新<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。”覃文新透露,若临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span>取得积极效果,<span style="color: black;">将来</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>将<span style="color: black;">重点</span>用于中晚期肝癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的诊疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">René Bernards教授、Leila Akkari助理教授和覃文新<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员为论文<span style="color: black;">一起</span>通讯作者,仁济医院上海市肿瘤<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所王存博士、金浩杰博士与荷兰癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所Serena Vegna博士、Bente Benedict博士为<span style="color: black;">一起</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>作者,上海交通大学医学院<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>仁济医院上海市肿瘤<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所为<span style="color: black;">第1</span>单位。该<span style="color: black;">科研</span>得到了来自欧洲<span style="color: black;">科研</span>理事会、国家自然科学基金委员会、上海交通大学医学院以及仁济医院的基金<span style="color: black;">帮助</span>。</p>
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