【贴心医生】各类癌症的五年存活率及化疗成功率统计数据出炉！
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">如今，癌症（恶性肿瘤）<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">作为</span>中国居民死亡<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>之一，发病人数<span style="color: black;">亦</span>已<span style="color: black;">作为</span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span><span style="color: black;">第1</span>，全国<span style="color: black;">每日</span>约1万人确诊癌症。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>就诊<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>偏晚，<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">海量</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>患病时，<span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>中晚期，预后远比<span style="color: black;">初期</span>要低的多。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人都听说过"五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率"，<span style="color: black;">大众</span>在描述病情严重程度时，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>常以五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率进行衡量。<span style="color: black;">那样</span>，这到底是一个什么样的指标？</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-6b7e324d380a79ea02fa58892f093aa5_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◆ ◆ ◆</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么叫五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率是临床上用来反映某种癌症严重程度、<span style="color: black;">发展</span>快慢或凶险程度的一个指标，在医学上，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>用这个指标来<span style="color: black;">评估</span>癌症治疗效果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率是个统计学概念，通俗地<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，癌症五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">能够</span>理解为：某种癌症经过治疗后，<span style="color: black;">存活</span>五年以上的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>所占的比例。<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上，确诊癌症后，活到五年以上的人不在<span style="color: black;">少许</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>最新<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的数据，日本的胃癌的5年相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率高达74.5%，一期胃癌的五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>达到98.1%，远超中国和美国的30%~40%，可谓“一枝独秀”。五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率已<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是一个令人惊恐的指标。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-c679a18933b824ab88b6b33df2141360_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">关于化疗，<span style="color: black;">各样</span>流言从未间断：化疗杀敌一千，自损八百，癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>是死于化疗，而不是癌症本身，化疗副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>极其痛苦且让人死得更快......</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些<span style="color: black;">病人</span>深受这些错误观念的影响，对化疗产生<span style="color: black;">没</span>比抗拒的心理，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>放弃现代医学的化疗，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>非主流疗法，<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>人财两空。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">什么是化疗？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗属全身性治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，它的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>是阻止癌细胞生长和分裂，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">一般</span>比正常细胞生长和分裂更快，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>化疗对癌细胞的影响更大。适用于大部分肿瘤，<span style="color: black;">初期</span>、中期、晚期<span style="color: black;">病人</span>均<span style="color: black;">必须</span>化疗疗法，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是化疗<span style="color: black;">敏锐</span>的肿瘤，如淋巴瘤、白血病等，能有效延长<span style="color: black;">存活</span>期，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>能治愈某些癌症。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗的治疗效果<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>？</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>癌症的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>更新换代，随着第三代化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的广泛应用，药物的疗效在<span style="color: black;">增多</span>，副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>在减少，癌症的治疗效果<span style="color: black;">亦</span>得到了很大的<span style="color: black;">提高</span>。即使<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>了脑转移、骨转移，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>都有了相应的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>进行治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在现今的各类癌症治疗技术中，化疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是所有治疗的基石。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-0676d22d09bf3c7a8eed0eb4e935faf7_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不<span style="color: black;">同期</span>间以不同方式<span style="color: black;">运用</span>化疗<span style="color: black;">能够</span>达到不同的治疗效果：</p>手术前或放射治疗前缩小肿瘤，这<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为新辅助化疗；手术或放射治疗后，杀死<span style="color: black;">身体</span>剩余的癌细胞。这<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为辅助化疗；<span style="color: black;">做为</span><span style="color: black;">独一</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。治疗血液或淋巴系统的癌症，例如白血病和淋巴瘤；治疗后复发的癌症；<span style="color: black;">针对</span>扩散到身体其他部位的癌症，<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为转移性癌症。<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>大部分肿瘤<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，单独化疗是<span style="color: black;">没</span>法打败癌症的，还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>联合其他治疗，如手术，放疗，靶向和免疫治疗，来达到最佳的治疗效果。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">影响化疗成功率和<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的<span style="color: black;">原因</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">便是</span>患癌后还能活多久，这是<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>确诊后的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最想<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的一件事。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这其实又是一个<span style="color: black;">无</span>答案的问题，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的癌症都是独一<span style="color: black;">没</span>二的，决定<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>：癌症类型，确诊时的分期，病理分型，基因突变，除此之外，年龄，性别，身体素质，医疗水平，生活环境，<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>作息习惯，性格等，都是影响预后，决定你能活多久的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">各类癌症五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率及化疗有效率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span>1期，2期或3期乳腺癌的人都会接受手术治疗。分为乳房切除术和保乳手术（BCS）。<span style="color: black;">没</span>法手术的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受化疗或其他治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>最新的统计，下表列出了在各<span style="color: black;">周期</span>接受化疗治疗的乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>比率。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-f78e8dc26c7a493bd0e467a6f5b36724_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌的存活率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率，<span style="color: black;">重点</span>取决于诊断时的分期。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-f00c4a760ff259f25199c7be44bcace9_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下表<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了结肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在各<span style="color: black;">周期</span>接受化疗的比例。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-fbb9076592805928fb334f316dd2df5d_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">直肠癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下表<span style="color: black;">表示</span>接受化疗治疗的直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的百分比。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-f4adc7e58dfebad0227df04dbfeb1fbe_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">结直肠癌的存活率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">下表<span style="color: black;">按照</span>诊断<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">相关</span>结直肠癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的信息。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic4.zhimg.com/80/v2-fdb289d1b1cc4959bd31c977147b7c13_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌有两种类型：小细胞和非小细胞（N-SC）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大约13％的肺癌是小细胞癌。大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>接受化疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大约83％的肺癌是N-SC。其余3％未定义。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-ff6c3b8e18e68b4c7114387620c18e5c_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌存活率</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-b785b1884ffd0d4c16ed5160f42264ec_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">膀胱癌</p>
<h2 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能<span style="color: black;">意见</span>对大部分<span style="color: black;">身患</span>膀胱癌的人进行膀胱切除术。</h2>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大约52％的膀胱癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受某种形式的化疗。其中：</p>20％接受膀胱切除术加化疗，放疗或两者兼而有之20％接受经尿道电切术加化疗或放疗9％接受经尿道电切术加化疗和放疗3％接受化疗，放疗或两者，但不进行手术<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">膀胱癌存活率</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">局部膀胱癌的5年相对存活率因癌症类型而异。大约25％的膀胱癌侵入膀胱肌壁。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">局限性，肌肉浸润性膀胱癌的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为47％，而非肌肉浸润的局部膀胱癌为81％。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-63aa9fbd4172127d41b41ff004946a88_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">超过90％的子宫癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在子宫体，即子宫的上半部分。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-73173ba5db4f69d9b3bd6b24bb0df062_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">子宫体癌存活率</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-7a695b2c02309606e1adb058adae5e09_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人都应该<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>，随着医学的飞速发展，癌症早已不是绝症，早在2006年时就<span style="color: black;">已然</span>被世界卫生组织定位为慢性病。<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的癌症<span style="color: black;">能够</span>被治愈，还有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>晚期癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的治疗活过五年，十年，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>更长。</p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的<span style="color: black;">状况</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2015年，全国肿瘤防治办公室曾红梅、郑荣寿、陈万青等专家有一项<span style="color: black;">科研</span>《CancersurvivalinChina，2003-2005:apopulation-basedstudy》<span style="color: black;">发布</span>在《InternationalJournalofCancer》上，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>：</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">我国17种肿瘤登记地区合计所有癌症的相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率为30.9%，其中男性为26.6%，女性为36.6%。六大<span style="color: black;">重点</span>癌症中，肝癌相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率最低，为10.1%，女性乳腺癌相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率最高，为73.0%。肺癌、胃癌、食管癌和结直肠癌相对<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率分别为16.1%、27.4%、20.9和47.2%。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上图<span style="color: black;">表示</span>了五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率在60%以上的癌种有乳腺癌、甲状腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌，占所有癌症的12.2%。五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;">少于</span>30%的癌症有肝癌、胰腺癌、骨癌、脑/中枢神经系统肿瘤、食管癌、白血病、胆囊癌和胃癌，占所有癌种的64.9%。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">◆ ◆ ◆</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率的<span style="color: black;">状况</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2018年，日本国立癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中心<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的国际<span style="color: black;">一起</span>调查结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，日本癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在食道、胃、肝脏、乳房、子宫颈等8种癌症方面的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率居<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>前列。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">调查中以5个级别（A~E）<span style="color: black;">评定</span>5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率数值。日本癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率进入最好<span style="color: black;">评估</span>的A级有食道、胃、肝脏、肺、乳房、子宫颈、成人脑肿瘤和小儿淋巴瘤。在皮肤的黑色素瘤和成人骨髓性疾患方面为D级。日本<span style="color: black;">无</span>E<span style="color: black;">评定</span>。其他的都是B级<span style="color: black;">或</span>C级。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率数值(5个级别A<span style="color: black;">评定</span>)</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率数值（5个级别D<span style="color: black;">评定</span>）</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml;utf8," style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">此次调查联合了伦敦大学等<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>约40家<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">一起</span>实施。对象大多为2000~2014年间被确诊患癌症的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>71个国家和地区的约3750万人，针对18种癌症，调查了<span style="color: black;">做为</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">目的</span>的5年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率。英国的权威性医学杂志《The Lancet》在1月30日<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了该调查的结果。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本是消化系统癌症<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率较高的国家之一，胃癌和肝癌的预后都很好，这不仅是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>日本医疗水平高，诊查的实施等<span style="color: black;">亦</span>推动了提早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，为良好的<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率作出了贡献。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感觉有<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>，请<span style="color: black;">保藏</span>点个赞，谢谢<span style="color: black;">大众</span>。</p>
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