部编版高中语文必修上第七单元自然情怀现当代散文学案(《故都的秋》《我与地坛》《荷塘月色》单元学案
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">景中情思,境中文化</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">——抒情散文景境情的学习与<span style="color: black;">科研</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">潍坊七中</span><span style="color: black;">吕晓玲</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">学习<span style="color: black;">目的</span>:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;">概括作者笔下自然景物的特点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">分析作者欣赏和表现自然景物的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">3.</span><span style="color: black;">分析情景交融、情理结合的艺术手法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">4.</span><span style="color: black;">分析作者在景物描写中寄寓的人生思考。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">5.</span><span style="color: black;">举例说明写景抒情散文的语言美。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">6.</span><span style="color: black;">探究这组散文<span style="color: black;">表现</span>的民族审美心理。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">〖学习任务〗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>课时 精读《故都的秋》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务一:整体把握,初赏秋景(自主梳理,个体展示)</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>作家经历、创作背景,做到知人论世</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">快速浏览全文,圈点勾画精彩句子和<span style="color: black;">重要</span>语段,找出“文眼”,为文中<span style="color: black;">漂亮</span>的五幅画面命名,体味画面特点,思考作者是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>描绘这些画面的。完成下面的表格。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">课文</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">景物画面</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">画面特点</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">作者情感</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">表达技巧</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">故都的秋</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务二:品读<span style="color: black;">重要</span>段落,鉴赏我心中美图(自主研读,交流分享)</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">你最<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>哪幅故都秋景图?请说明你的理由。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>从作者<span style="color: black;">选择</span>景物的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>、描写景物特点、表达技巧、语言的色彩、情感的表达等<span style="color: black;">方向</span>进行鉴赏<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>,形成不少于</span><span style="color: black;">100</span><span style="color: black;">字的鉴赏文字,与小组<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>交流,选出最好的鉴赏文字,</span><span style="color: black;">以小组为单位组织鉴赏活动。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的</span><span style="color: black;">故都秋景图:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我的鉴赏:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">任务三:合作探究,体会民族审美心理</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">文中有“欧阳子的《秋声》与苏东坡的《赤壁赋》等,就觉得中国的文人,与秋的关系<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>深了”等<span style="color: black;">关联</span>语句,反复诵读文本,在郁达夫的笔下,故都的秋<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>“清”“静”“悲凉”,带着传统文人的某种审美情趣。阅读《故都的秋》,分析其中<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">地区</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>了民族审美心理和审美特点。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作业<span style="color: black;">部署</span>:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阅读拓展文本《中国现当代散文欣赏》(刘锡庆)、《高中散文阅读鉴赏<span style="color: black;">办法</span>摭谈》(林燕芝)《写景散文的审美鉴赏——以</span><span style="color: black;"><</span><span style="color: black;">江南的冬景</span><span style="color: black;">></span><span style="color: black;">为例》(吴军)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第二课时</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自读《荷塘月色》《我与地坛》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">阅读时,圈点勾画精彩句子和<span style="color: black;">重要</span>语段,完成自<span style="color: black;">专家</span>务单</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务一:整体把握,初赏美景</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">请<span style="color: black;">朋友</span>们借助网络、书籍、学案等,<span style="color: black;">认识</span>作者和时代背景。阅读时,圈点勾画精彩句子和<span style="color: black;">重要</span>语段,找出你认为最美的几幅画面并给予命名,体味画面特点,思考作者是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>描绘这些画面的。完成下面的表格。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自主学习任务单</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">篇目</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作者生平</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">时代背景</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">景物画面</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">画面特点</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作者情感</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">表达技巧</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">荷塘月色</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">我与地坛</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务二:品读<span style="color: black;">重要</span>段落,鉴赏我心中美景</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《故都的秋》《荷塘月色》和《我与地坛》描写的是同一个城市的景物,呈现出多姿多样的美。从《荷塘月色》和《我与地坛》中分别<span style="color: black;">选择</span>你认为最精彩的段落,反复朗读,细加品味,仿照《故都的秋》的鉴赏<span style="color: black;">需求</span>,自选一个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>,写一段评点文字,不少于</span><span style="color: black;">150</span><span style="color: black;">字。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自主学习任务单</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(优美段落鉴赏)</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">篇目</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">段落及朗读<span style="color: black;">重视</span>点</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">点评</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务三:梳理探究</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“读书切戒在慌忙,涵泳工夫兴味长。”文学作品<span style="color: black;">必须</span>反复阅读与揣摩。在完成以上任务单的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,结合《中国现当代散文欣赏》(刘锡庆)、《高中散文阅读鉴赏<span style="color: black;">办法</span>摭谈》(林燕芝)《写景散文的审美鉴赏——以</span><span style="color: black;"><</span><span style="color: black;">江南的冬景</span><span style="color: black;">></span><span style="color: black;">为例》(吴军)等<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,重读《荷塘月色》和《我与地坛》,任选一篇,谈谈作者是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>做到景与情的统一,自选<span style="color: black;">方向</span>,不少于</span><span style="color: black;">300</span><span style="color: black;">字。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>参考下面的选题,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>自拟题目。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选题一:朦胧月色中的淡愁与淡喜</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选题二:地坛景物中的生命哲理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">自主学习任务单</span><span style="color: black;">3</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我的选题</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">景情<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>统一</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">作业<span style="color: black;">部署</span>:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通读《我与地坛》全文,思考节选部分与全文主旨的关系。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三课时</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">表达与交流</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务一:展示交流,品景物美、情思美。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;">结合自主学习任务单</span><span style="color: black;">2</span><span style="color: black;">,展示交流我心中最美的段落。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">结合自主学习任务单</span><span style="color: black;">3</span><span style="color: black;">,小组内交流<span style="color: black;">相关</span>景情关系的展示报告,<span style="color: black;">举荐</span><span style="color: black;">表率</span>呈现展示报告。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务二:探究散文写作<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《故都的秋》《荷塘月色》《我与地坛》都是写景抒情的名篇,且描写的是同一个城市中的景物,呈现出多姿多样的美。同是写景抒情,但运用的艺术手法各具<span style="color: black;">特殊</span>。请加以梳理,对你的写作有何借鉴<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">篇目</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">语言<span style="color: black;">特殊</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">重点</span>艺术手法并举例说明</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《故都</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">的秋》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《荷塘</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">月色》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《我与</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">地坛》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">写景<span style="color: black;">办法</span>归纳:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">学习任务三:微写作</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">刘勰在《文心雕龙物色》中说</span><span style="color: black;">:</span><span style="color: black;">“春秋代序,阴阳惨舒,物色之动,心<span style="color: black;">也</span>摇焉。”是说人的情感随外物的变化而变化,春景使人畅怀,暮景使人感伤。”漫步熟悉的校园,<span style="color: black;">那些</span>景物曾经激起你心灵的涟漪,<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>你对生命的感悟?或许<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>风景,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>太过平常,容易被人忽略。请<span style="color: black;">选取</span>校园一处给你留下深刻印象的风景,以“校园一角”为题,借鉴课文景物描写的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>技巧,写一段不少于</span><span style="color: black;">150</span><span style="color: black;">字的情景交融的文字。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">课后作业:</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span><span style="color: black;">完成《</span><span style="color: black;">牛铃叮当</span><span style="color: black;">》的阅读练习。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">修改整理“校园一角”微写作作品,</span><span style="color: black;">班内</span><span style="color: black;">编选整理成主题板报,进行展示。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">〖学习<span style="color: black;">工具</span>〗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">“品读<span style="color: black;">重要</span>段落,鉴赏我心中美图”鉴赏文字<span style="color: black;">评估</span>量规</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优秀</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">良好</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">待改进</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自我<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">小组<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《故都的秋》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能抓住一到两个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>对美景图进行鉴赏,<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>,分析到位,思路清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能抓住一到两个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>对美景图进行鉴赏,<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>,能叙议结合,思路较为清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">只是泛泛而谈,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>结合<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的文本进行分析,思路不清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">《荷塘月色》或《我与地坛》</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能抓住一到两个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>对美景图进行鉴赏,<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>,分析到位,思路清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能抓住一到两个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>对美景图进行鉴赏,<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>,能叙议结合,思路较为清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">只是泛泛而谈,<span style="color: black;">不可</span>结合<span style="color: black;">详细</span>的文本进行分析,思路不清晰。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自主学习任务单</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">评估</span>量规</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优秀</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">良好</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">待改进</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自我<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">小组<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">选题</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选题贴合<span style="color: black;">文案</span>内容,观点<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选题较为符合<span style="color: black;">文案</span>内容,观点较为<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选题偏离<span style="color: black;">文案</span>内容,观点<span style="color: black;">不足</span><span style="color: black;">知道</span>,过于宏大</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">评析</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">思路清晰,紧紧围绕景情关系展开,评析结合</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">思路较为清晰,能围绕景情关系展开,评析能适当结合</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">思路有些混乱,能围绕景情关系展开,但评析不到位</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">微写作<span style="color: black;">评估</span>量规</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">优秀</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">良好</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">待改进</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">自我<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">同伴<span style="color: black;">评估</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">题意</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">切合题意。所写内容能够很好地<span style="color: black;">表现</span>情景交融。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">符合题意。所写内容基本能够<span style="color: black;">表现</span>情景交融。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尚能把握题意,行文有所游离。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">语言</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有文采,语言生动形象,有很强表现力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">较有文采,语言较生动形象,有表现力。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">略显文采,语句通顺,个别语句较精彩。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">描写</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">抓住景物的特点进行恰当描写,能够运用多种景物描写的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">抓住景物的特点进行描写,能够运用<span style="color: black;">有些</span>景物描写的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">抓住景物的特点进行描写,景物描写<span style="color: black;">办法</span>单一。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">〖资料链接〗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>阅读训练</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">牛铃叮当</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">李清明</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">①水乡多水牛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">②从我记事<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,<span style="color: black;">始终</span>到成年走出水乡,多以水牛为伴。<span style="color: black;">不仅</span>假期要整天放牧水牛,即使上学了<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>带上镰刀和竹筐,放学的路上割上满满一筐青草,回去喂养水牛。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">③俗话说,一方水土养一方人。在<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>水乡,可谓是一方水土养一方牛。洞庭湖<span style="color: black;">数年</span>淤积的湖洲上围垦成水乡一个个院落。湖汊内港、沟渠水塘星罗棋布,到处长满茂盛的芦苇、青草和野蒿,这些都是水牛们上好的饲料。水牛生命力强,容易饲养。春、夏、秋三季均以自然生长的草蒿为食;到了万物枯萎的冬日,<span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>只需一捆干草便能果腹。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">④漫长的农耕时代,水牛<span style="color: black;">始终</span>被视为农家的命根子。从牛犊学会走路的那天起,它的脖子上便被精心挂上一串铜制的铃铛。农忙季节,水牛可用于犁田、耕田;农闲时分,水牛能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>拉磨、碾压菜籽、稻谷,以便得到食油、大米。记得上世纪七十年代初,村里就购买了东方红牌拖拉机,还配备了犁、耙等成套的耕田机械。没承想几吨重的</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">铁牛</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">开进农田却经常陷进淤泥中,有时淹得只看见顶部的烟囱,最后还得用十头八头水牛合力,<span style="color: black;">才可</span></span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">拖拉</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">出来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑤水牛天生就能游泳,还是长距离泅渡的<span style="color: black;">能手</span>。水浅处水牛游得很慢,一边游还一边不忘啃食水中的荷叶、蒿草和野生水稻;一旦游到水深处,它便变得<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>快捷,一边用力划动四肢,一边高高抬起头角,</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">嗯呀</span><span style="color: black;">——</span><span style="color: black;">嗯呀</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">非常</span>得意地叫唤<span style="color: black;">一直</span>。夏天,水牛<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>我和一班好伙伴的</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">游泳老师</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">。跟着水牛学游泳,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先是用柳条鞭子将水牛赶至河里,双手死死地拽住牛尾巴,待水牛飞速抢渡时,再使劲用双脚拍击水面。不消两日,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>便<span style="color: black;">把握</span>了</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">牛刨</span><span style="color: black;">”“</span><span style="color: black;">蛙泳</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">等全套的游泳本领。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑥与水牛朝夕相处,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>摸透了它温和、驯良的习性。只要你往牛头前一站,哪怕它正在吞食草料,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会赶紧把头一低,让你攀住牛角,爬到它背上。待你坐好,水牛还不忘摆动头角,</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">嗯呀</span><span style="color: black;">——</span><span style="color: black;">嗯呀</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">撒娇般地叫唤几声,牛铃<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">叮当</span><span style="color: black;">——</span><span style="color: black;">叮当</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">地响个<span style="color: black;">一直</span>。骑在牛背上的<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>,头上扎着柳条帽,腰间别着把弹弓,右手高高扬起柳条鞭子,活像一个个舞剑骑马、披挂出征的大将军。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑦别看水牛平日温驯,一旦打起架来却<span style="color: black;">反常</span>勇猛,尤以<span style="color: black;">处在</span>发情期的公牛为甚。当攻击<span style="color: black;">起始</span>时,公牛们双眼通红,抵足弓背,头缩至前腿中间,亮出尖尖的双角,冲撞挑击。一时间,牛铃骤响,沙飞石跳,响声震天。<span style="color: black;">此时</span>,<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>将干草燃成的火把投掷到牛头角力处,方能将它们<span style="color: black;">掰开</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑧<span style="color: black;">最终</span>,水牛老了。连田<span style="color: black;">亦</span>耕不动的水牛,静静蹲在牛栏中,等待自己大限的到来。<span style="color: black;">由于</span>害怕掉膘,乡亲们<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会提前宰杀水牛。被牛绳绑囚在树下的水牛,看到屠夫磨刀霍霍,都会掉下一颗颗好大好大的眼泪,似有深深的不舍和<span style="color: black;">没</span>限的悲戚。想起水牛这<span style="color: black;">一生</span>所求最少,干的却是最苦最脏最累的活,站在一旁的<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不禁泪眼模糊。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑨现今的水乡,早已<span style="color: black;">不消</span>水牛精耕细作,而是直接向稻田抛撒谷种,等天收粮,靠天吃饭。放眼望去,湖洲上唯有水草疯长,久而久之便<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>放养水牛的天然牧场。春天里,<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>耕田的水牛被赶至牧场,脖子上换上了刻有<span style="color: black;">暗号</span>的新铃铛,直到冬天才各自牵回。<span style="color: black;">一块</span>牵回的还有傍着公牛母牛的新生牛犊。牛犊的认领沿用的是乡里的老规矩:将各家的大牛小牛赶至一处,看哪头牛犊跟谁家的大牛走,哪头牛犊<span style="color: black;">便是</span>谁家的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">⑩如今,利益的驱动让<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的老规矩<span style="color: black;">起始</span>面临挑战。由牛犊<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>的纠纷,每有耳闻。曾有相邻的两家因争六条小牛而互不相让,直至对薄公堂,一家<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>提出要用船装着大牛小牛去省城做</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">亲子鉴定</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">。自然,鉴定最后平息了纠纷,但花去的鉴定费、差旅费和诉讼费加起来远远超过几头小牛的价值,这一时<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>人们茶余饭后谈论最多的黑色幽默。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">打那以后,水乡的水牛们大都由放养改<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>圈养。岁月流逝,牧童牛笛仿佛<span style="color: black;">一晚上</span>之间<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>绝响。没了广阔湖洲茵茵绿草的映衬,少了骀荡和风的吹拂</span><span style="color: black;">……</span><span style="color: black;">牛铃依旧叮当,但总觉得少了往昔的悦耳与悠扬。</span><span style="color: black;"> (本文有删改)</span><span style="color: black;"> 1.</span><span style="color: black;">文中多次写到</span><span style="color: black;">“</span><span style="color: black;">牛铃</span><span style="color: black;">”</span><span style="color: black;">,有什么艺术效果?(</span><span style="color: black;">5</span><span style="color: black;">分)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">简要概括本文主旨,并谈谈你的感悟。(</span><span style="color: black;">5</span><span style="color: black;">分)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>拓展文本</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《中国现当代散文欣赏》(刘锡庆)、《高中散文阅读鉴赏<span style="color: black;">办法</span>摭谈》(林燕芝)《写景散文的审美鉴赏——以<江南的冬景>为例》(吴军)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">3、</span>散文文体知识</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(一)散文的类型</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1.</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">抒情散文</span></strong><span style="color: black;">(</span><span style="color: black;">《荷塘月色》</span><span style="color: black;">《春》</span><span style="color: black;">)</span><span style="color: black;">《白杨礼赞》</span><span style="color: black;">等)</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">抒情散文是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>形象来表达情感的散文样式。表现手法<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有借景抒情和托物言志(象征)。抒情散文类型<span style="color: black;">重点</span>有写景类散文和状物类散文。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">)写景散文</span></strong><span style="color: black;">是把自然山水、人工场景、民俗风貌当作<span style="color: black;">重点</span>描写对象,写形写声写色味、情态,以描写为主,辅之以记叙、抒情、议论、说明等手段来抒发感情,采用的手法,或是借景抒情,或是寓情于景。写景散文<span style="color: black;">通常</span>都能抓住景物的特征,<span style="color: black;">根据</span>时间、空间的转换为<span style="color: black;">次序</span>,运用移步换景的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,对景物加以生动的描绘,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>起到渲染气氛、烘托<span style="color: black;">名人</span>思想感情、更好地表现主题的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">)状物散文</span></strong><span style="color: black;">是以某一种物件<span style="color: black;">做为</span>表现主体,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对物件的描摹、刻画来为物件写貌传神,从而达到托物寄意的写作目的,表现手法多托物言志、象征、人格化手法。这类散文的特点是有对<span style="color: black;">详细</span>事物的记叙和描绘,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">剧烈</span>的抒情性。有的自然景物,被作者赋予深刻的社会内容和思想感情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">叙事散文</span></strong><span style="color: black;">(《背影》《金岳霖先生》《纪念刘和珍君》等)</span><span style="color: black;">叙事散文是一种记叙人、事为<span style="color: black;">重点</span>内容的散文样式。这类散文以对人和事物的<span style="color: black;">详细</span>叙述和描绘为<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">特殊</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span>表现作者的认识和感受,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>带有浓厚的抒情<span style="color: black;">成份</span>。叙事散文<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>时间、地点、<span style="color: black;">名人</span>、事件等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,侧重于从叙述<span style="color: black;">名人</span>和事件的发展变化过程中反映事情的本质,或从一个<span style="color: black;">方向</span><span style="color: black;">选择</span>题材,表现作者的思想感情。</span><span style="color: black;">叙事散文<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">必定</span>的故事情节和<span style="color: black;">名人</span>形象。记叙事件常<span style="color: black;">常常</span>只是<span style="color: black;">选择</span>生活中的某<span style="color: black;">一边</span>面或片断;描述<span style="color: black;">名人</span>,只<span style="color: black;">选取</span>最<span style="color: black;">明显</span>性格的某一方面。以记叙、描写为主,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有议论、抒情,情感多含蓄,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>场景渲染、环境烘托、<span style="color: black;">名人</span>描写流露出来。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">3.</span></strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">哲理散文</span></strong><span style="color: black;">(</span><span style="color: black;">《人是思想的苇草》)</span><span style="color: black;">哲理散文是以议论为主的散文样式,<span style="color: black;">重点</span>包括杂文和小品文。文笔自由灵活。它<span style="color: black;">经过</span>刻画某种<span style="color: black;">详细</span>形象,将作者要表达的哲理寓言于形象之中,以形象来启发读者,让读者明白其中寓含的抽象哲理的一种散文。<span style="color: black;">通常</span>采用象征手法。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">(二)写景抒情散文的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>特点</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">写景抒情散文是以描绘景物为依托而抒<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>者思想情感的文学作品。它<span style="color: black;">需求</span>抓住景物特征,对景物作真实细致生动的描绘;要把“景”和“情”有机结合起来,以情统率景,或先景后情,或先情后景,或将情融入景中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"> 1.</span><span style="color: black;">写景抒情散文中<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<strong style="color: blue;">线索</strong>有:</span><span style="color: black;">①</span><span style="color: black;">以承载有某一情感或象征<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的事物为线索;</span><span style="color: black;">②</span><span style="color: black;">以作品中的“我”的活动或游踪为线索,写的都是“我”的所见所闻所思所感。</span><span style="color: black;">③</span><span style="color: black;">以时间或空间为线索;</span><span style="color: black;">④</span><span style="color: black;">以感情的发展为线索。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2.</span><span style="color: black;">写景抒情散文写景的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>多样。从<strong style="color: blue;">写景的视角上</strong>看,由远及近,由高到低等等,分层写景,符合<span style="color: black;">规律</span><span style="color: black;">次序</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更具美感;从<strong style="color: blue;">对景物的感知调动的感官</strong>上,可视,可听,可嗅,从多个<span style="color: black;">方向</span>写景,有形有声有色有味;<strong style="color: blue;">从色彩上看</strong>,运用<span style="color: black;">海量</span>冷或暖色彩的词,渲染一种阴沉或明朗的氛围,悲乐之情由此可现;<strong style="color: blue;">从修辞格上讲</strong>,可比喻,可拟人,可夸张,可排比,可对偶,使景物形象生动,有气势,<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>音韵美;<strong style="color: blue;">写景还常常既有动景,又有静景,</strong>动静结合,营造意境,又富有生机;<strong style="color: blue;">还有既有实景,又有虚景,</strong>虚实结合,更丰富地表现事物,揭示<span style="color: black;">名人</span>内心;<strong style="color: blue;">有时,还运用叠词,</strong>既<span style="color: black;">明显</span>了事物的特点,读起来朗朗上口,富有音韵美。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">4、</span>浅谈的“情景交融”的三种<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“情景交融”这个词<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>并不陌生,那到底什么是情景交融呢?词典上解释是:指文艺作品中环境的描写、气氛的渲染跟<span style="color: black;">名人</span>思想感情的抒发结合得很紧密。 情景交融是意境创造的表现特征。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>古人<span style="color: black;">针对</span>情景交融有很好的阐述,清人王夫之说:“情景虽有在心在<span style="color: black;">没</span>之分,而景生情,情生景,哀乐之触,荣悴之迎,互藏其宅。”古人们都认为情景交融是意境创作的方式,能够“景中生情,情中含景”是<span style="color: black;">表现</span>一个诗人的创作的水平。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">情景交融其实是文学意境的特征,<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>先来<span style="color: black;">认识</span>下什么是意境,<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>文艺作品中环境的描写、气氛的渲染跟<span style="color: black;">名人</span>思想感情的抒发结合得很紧密。 </span><span style="color: black;">关于意境,<span style="color: black;">通常</span>论者规定为:意与境浑,情与景化,即<span style="color: black;">所说</span>主客交融,物我一体,这正是大名鼎鼎的王国维的“境界说”的内涵。意境是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>情景交融表现出来的,而情景交融又有三种<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的类型,分别是:景中藏情式、情中见景式、情景并茂式。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">景中藏情式,即藏情于景,情并不直接<span style="color: black;">表示</span>,而仅仅借助逼真的画面去间接表达,从而更<span style="color: black;">显出</span>情深意浓。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>诗歌中作者勾画的画面,去感受去体验作者的感情。</span><span style="color: black;">例如,郭沫若的《太阳礼赞》:“青沈沈的大海,波涛汹涌着,潮向东方。”开头,作家马上就给读者呈现了一幅大海澎湃的画面,大海是青色的,在咆哮着,我感觉的是有一种迫不及待的力量在蓄势待发,有一种新生的力量要诞生。而作家<span style="color: black;">针对</span>太阳那种赞美和期待新生的血液的感情就<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这短短的15个字表现出来。这一首诗歌的开头,作者<span style="color: black;">无</span>直接就描写说他有多么的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>太阳的<span style="color: black;">显现</span>,就直接<span style="color: black;">经过</span>这一宏伟画面透露出作家的<span style="color: black;">巴望</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王国维说的“一切景语皆情语”意思是景物中都<span style="color: black;">表现</span>了作者的感情。从而读一首诗歌<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>细细品味它<span style="color: black;">针对</span>景物的描写,脑里<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">马上</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>一幅画面如“天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊”这是一幅草原之景,多么美好的一幅画面,在一望<span style="color: black;">没</span>际的碧绿的草原上,牛羊成群,作者<span style="color: black;">针对</span>草原那种热爱和赞美之情油然而生。这种</span><span style="color: black;">景中藏情式<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在读小说中<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">同样</span>运用,例如小说环境的渲染和铺垫。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">再说情中见景式,这种意境的创造方式,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>是直抒胸臆,文字里就直接抒发自己的感情。有时候<span style="color: black;">不消</span>写景,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>你<span style="color: black;">经过</span>读<span style="color: black;">或</span>感悟<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">表现</span>到<span style="color: black;">其中</span>作家所要描绘的景。如卞之琳的《断章》:你站在桥上看风景,看风景的人在楼上看风景。明月装饰了你的窗子,你装饰了别人的梦。很简单的一首诗歌,意境深邃,但</span><span style="color: black;">诗</span><span style="color: black;">句平易淡雅,绝非故作高深</span><span style="color: black;">的</span><span style="color: black;">苦涩雕琢。富有哲理的语言中</span><span style="color: black;">只是不经意地露出那桥、那楼、那观景人,以及由此<span style="color: black;">能够</span>推想得出的那流水、那游船、那岸柳……它就像淡淡的水墨画把那若隐若现的虚化的背景留给读者去想象,仿佛一幅江南悠闲画面就在你的脑子里泵现。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>再次<span style="color: black;">能够</span>应用王国维所说的“一切情语皆景语”。诗人用文字把自己的情感的喷发变成感人的色彩和旋律,弥漫了<span style="color: black;">全部</span>空间。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>诗人为你开创的那个审美想象的空间,在这个空间中,一切都<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>有形的图画,这就叫做“情中见景”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">还有一类是情景并茂式,它<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是</span><span style="color: black;">感情的抒发与景物的描绘达到完美融合的状态.</span><span style="color: black;">,抒情和写景都结合了在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>,它们都达到浑然一体的程度,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是“情景交融”。诗人在写作中把抒情和写景都运用了,<span style="color: black;">况且</span>两种<span style="color: black;">协同</span>的<span style="color: black;">非常</span>完美,把诗人感情淋漓尽致的表达了出来。我觉得最有<span style="color: black;">表率</span>性<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是戴望舒的《雨巷》</span><span style="color: black;">诗人描绘了一幅梅雨时节江南市镇寂寥悠长的小巷的阴沉图景:“撑着油纸伞,独自彷徨在悠长、悠长又寂寥的雨巷,我<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>逢着一个丁香<span style="color: black;">同样</span>的结着愁怨的姑娘。”诗中,诗人抓住“雨巷”“丁香”两个意象和“姑娘”的形象,运用象征、暗示的手法来抒情,使得这首诗在朦胧的意境中表达了一种幽微精妙的感情,而这种感情是耐人咀嚼的。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>把诗人的写作背景联系起来思考,就可看到《雨巷》深层的<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>时代<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的悲剧主题。这首诗歌中给予了<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>充分想象空间,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>体会到了作者那种感情色彩。情中有景,景中有情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“情景交融”与其说它是个词语还不如说它是个写作的理论。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是古代还是现当代,诗人们都会把这一理论运用到诗歌创作中。而这三个<span style="color: black;">区别</span>类型更加很好的阐述了这一理论的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>运用。这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>意境这一概念的进一步的理解。正如王夫之说:“情、景名为二,而实不可离。神于诗者,妙合<span style="color: black;">没</span>垠。巧者则有情中景,景中情。”这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>充分说明了运用这一手法的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性。而这三种情景交融的意境的创作<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,都<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>写出好的作品出来,尤其是在诗歌的创作中尤其有效。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">5、</span>写景散文“四步阅读法”</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">第1</span>步,紧扣“文眼”聚散明。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">散文的最大特点是“形散神聚”,虽然取材范围广泛,内容博杂,<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“上下几千年,纵横数万里”,但都统一在“神”这个灵魂之下。若能<span style="color: black;">火速</span>找到这一统领全文的“神”,<span style="color: black;">那样</span>就会<span style="color: black;">快速</span>而准确地把握<span style="color: black;">文案</span>,从而<span style="color: black;">加强</span>阅读效率。在散文中总有集中表达作者思想感情,反映作品主旨的词句,是为“文眼”,倘若读者在通读全文的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,抓住这“点睛”之笔,就能透视<span style="color: black;">文案</span>的“心灵”,理解作者的写作意图,<span style="color: black;">知道</span>广博、纷繁的题材是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>被有机地组织起来的。譬如:高中语文<span style="color: black;">第1</span>册中的散文单元的五篇课文就很典型。在《绿〉中,只要找到“惊诧”一词,就能明白作者<span style="color: black;">为何</span>在写梅雨潭的绿之前,先要写梅雨瀑、梅雨亭以及<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的景色和梅雨潭得名的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>;《荷塘月色》,只要扣住“这几天心里颇不<span style="color: black;">清闲</span>”,就能<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>作者在重点措写了“荷塘月色”之后,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>还要联想到江南采莲的风俗,忆起《西洲曲》里的句子;《灯》,只要抓住“在这人间,灯光是不会灭的”,再联系作者的处境和写作背景,就能弄清<span style="color: black;">为何</span>除了写眼前的“灯”之外,还要写回忆中的“灯”和联想(传说)中的“灯”;《蒲公英》,只要<span style="color: black;">安身</span>作者的那段“<span style="color: black;">没</span>声的呼唤”,就能懂得<span style="color: black;">为何</span>作者能从眼前“吹”蒲公英的情景,联想到自己童年“吹”蒲公英、战争岁月“吃”“植”蒲公英和那个“蒲公英儿子”;《故乡的榕树》,只要能找到倒数第二自然段含有“怀念”、“思念”字样的两个反问句,就能体会作者<span style="color: black;">为何</span>由眼前的两棵榕树和小儿子口含榕树叶吹口哨逗小黑狗取乐的场面,想到了故乡的榕树,又由此联系到了故乡的人和事。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第二步,找准线索结构清。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">线索是串连<span style="color: black;">文案</span>内容的一根“红线”,它在<span style="color: black;">文案</span>结构中起着举足轻重的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,<span style="color: black;">无</span>恰当的线索,<span style="color: black;">文案</span>将是“一盘散沙”。找准散文的线索,就可理清它的内容结构。写景散文<span style="color: black;">通常</span>以游踪或某一景物为线索。例如:《绿》、《荷塘月色》以游踪为线索,《灯》、《蒲公英》、《故乡的榕树》则分别以“灯”、“蒲公英”和“故乡的榕树”为线索。顺着线索<span style="color: black;">能够</span>一步步地概括出各部分的大意,从而形成课文内容的结构提纲,对其严谨、巧妙、独到的构思技巧有个全面的<span style="color: black;">把握</span>,为深入理解<span style="color: black;">文案</span>立意奠基。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第三步,融情于景见立意。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“一切景语即情语。”大凡写景散文都要采用借景抒情、寄情于物、托物言志或象征等手法来含蓄、形象而<span style="color: black;">详细</span>地表情达意。常言道:“画龙点睛”,唯有“点睛”方能出神,“画龙”之后才好“点睛”,而“画龙”的过程即是融情于景的过程,<span style="color: black;">因此</span>,把握写景散文的“立意”,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>紧扣“文眼”,认真赏析作者对景物细腻逼真的描写,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>精妙的片段,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>细细品味,随着作者的思路层层推进,向纵深开掘;结合写作背景,全面归纳。例如:《绿》所表现的热爱生活、勇于进取的激情,《荷塘月色》的苦闷<span style="color: black;">心情</span>(淡淡的哀愁和淡淡的喜悦),《灯》的<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>永存,抗战必胜的信念,《蒲公英》的“反战”思想,《故乡的榕树》的思乡之情等立意,都是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>对景物的精雕细刻,层层铺垫,喷发而出的。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">第四,语言美妙动我心。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“文学是语言的艺术。”艺术语言是最能反映作家的创作个性的,<span style="color: black;">所说</span>“言为心声”,<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,品读散文的优美语段,能够使读者受到美的熏陶,达到“与我心有戚戚焉”的审美境界。赏析、品味散文的语言,进行有效<span style="color: black;">累积</span>,对开拓<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的思维空间,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>语言表达能力,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>写作水平,充实文学素养,都是大有裨益的。<span style="color: black;">每一个</span>作家都用自己独特的语言风格。朱自清的清新真挚,巴金的含蓄深沉,壶井荣的朴实诚恳,黄河浪的活泼轻灵等等。<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>兼采众家之长,遨游于文学艺术的江海之中。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当然,阅读散文,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必要</span>发挥丰富的想象和联想,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>优美的散文是作家想象和联想的结果;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>单纯理性的思索,而不投注足够的感情,那又怎么能够领悟其妙境和真谛?</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文源自网络,分享旨在服务<span style="color: black;">教育</span>。</span></p>
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