生化检测 | 糖代谢在癌症治疗中的应用
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">背景介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">糖代谢是细胞能量合成的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>方式,是维持机体生命活动的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>。在氧气充足的环境中,正常细胞<span style="color: black;">经过</span>葡萄糖氧化磷酸化(Oxidative phosphorylation,OXPHOS)途径产能,1mol葡萄糖彻底氧化可生成36mol ATP。在<span style="color: black;">没</span>氧环境下,葡萄糖经<span style="color: black;">没</span>氧糖酵解代谢转化为乳酸,1mol葡萄糖仅能产生2mol ATP。1927年Warburg首次<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>肝癌细胞相比其他细胞<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>更高的葡萄糖摄取率及<span style="color: black;">加强</span>的糖酵解反应为肿瘤细胞增殖<span style="color: black;">供给</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>能量的现象。随后<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>相较于OXPHOS,即使在氧气充足的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>倾向于有氧糖酵解为其供能,并<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>这一转变为“Warburg效应”。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有氧糖酵解是在细胞质中进行的,在有氧<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,1mol葡萄糖被糖酵解代谢为2mol丙酮酸,并<span style="color: black;">得到</span>2mol ATP,而后丙酮酸在乳酸脱氢酶的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>下被还原成乳酸,<span style="color: black;">得到</span><span style="color: black;">另一</span>2mol ATP。虽然单分子葡萄糖的有氧糖酵解产能量低,但其反应<span style="color: black;">过程</span>少、产能速度高,总产能量大,更加<span style="color: black;">能够</span>满足肿瘤细胞快速增殖的能量需求中。这一现象<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已认为不仅是肿瘤细胞的标志特征之一,增殖细胞及其他体外转化细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能够<span style="color: black;">经过</span>有氧糖酵解<span style="color: black;">调节</span>其能量和底物需求以应对<span style="color: black;">持续</span>变化的环境<span style="color: black;">前提</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">控制</span>糖酵解过程在治疗前列腺癌<span style="color: black;">科研</span>中的应用</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2024年2月8日,武汉市中心医院泌尿外科昌磊副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师<span style="color: black;">科研</span>团队在Cell Communication and Signaling杂志上<span style="color: black;">发布</span>了题为“1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate inhibit T cell glycolysis in prostate cancer microenvironment by SHP1/PKM2/LDHB axis”的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>论文。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,P5C<span style="color: black;">经过</span>靶向SHP1/PKM2/LDHB复合体来<span style="color: black;">控制</span>T细胞的糖酵解过程。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>结果为制备抗P5C抗体<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了机制<span style="color: black;">基本</span>,该抗体可用于恢复T细胞糖酵解和<span style="color: black;">控制</span>前列腺癌的生长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240419/4415ee775bc4488b811fdc3743e1eeeb.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">图 SHP1、PKM2和LDHB相互结合,P5C<span style="color: black;">控制</span>T细胞糖酵解</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">注:糖酵解<span style="color: black;">关联</span>生化检测指标:丙酮酸激酶(PK, abs580073)、乳酸(LA, abs580160)、乳酸脱氢酶(LHD, abs580007)</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">接下来,小爱就以糖酵解系列试剂盒中的丙酮酸激酶检测试剂盒为例,给<span style="color: black;">大众</span><span style="color: black;">仔细</span>介绍<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">丙酮酸激酶检测试剂盒<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span>介绍</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">1、</span>试剂盒组分</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240419/08a994de501c4ec5a3f03430d8037d78.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">2、</span>操作<span style="color: black;">过程</span>:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">1、材料和试剂准备</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">自备材料:酶标仪、蒸馏水、移液器与枪头、研钵、离心机、计时器、湿冰等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Substrate:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>前加入18mL Reaction Buffer溶解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Enzyme:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>前加入1mL Assay Buffer 溶解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Standard:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>前加入1mL蒸馏水溶解,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>取0.2mL加入到0.8mL蒸馏水中,<span style="color: black;">得到</span>浓度为400μmol/L的标准品溶液。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">Positive Control:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>前加入0.5mL蒸馏水溶解。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、样本处理</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1)细胞/细菌样本:将细胞/细菌(5×106)收集到离心管中,离心后去掉上清液,加入1mL Assay buffer,超声处理(功率20%,超声3s,间隔10s,重复30次)后于4℃,8000g离心10min,上清液转移至新离心管中,湿冰上<span style="color: black;">保留</span>待检测;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2)组织样本:<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>取1g组织,加入1mL Assay buffer在湿冰上匀浆,4℃,8000g离心10min,上清液转移至新离心管中,湿冰上<span style="color: black;">保留</span>待检测;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3)血清/<span style="color: black;">血液</span>样本:直接检测。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、上样及检测</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">上样前将所有试剂加热至37℃,<span style="color: black;">而后</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>如下表格加样。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240419/17c7dbbaf74b4f5cafaa2514cc5cdb79.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">注:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1)<span style="color: black;">针对</span>标准品,可进行2倍连续稀释(6个点<span style="color: black;">上下</span>),制成标准曲线。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2)<span style="color: black;">针对</span>未知的样品,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>挑选几个样品进行预实验,以确定样品浓度和稀释倍数。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>酶活力较低,请向反应体系中加入<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的样品,或<span style="color: black;">增多</span>反应时间;<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>酶活力较高,请稀释样品,或减少反应时间。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、标准曲线</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">标准曲线仅用于参考,每次实验都<span style="color: black;">必要</span>做一条新的标准曲线。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q8.itc.cn/images01/20240419/19d9df82afbe41ccb0cd65f449a6be8c.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">检测范围:4μmol/L - 400μmol/L</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240419/b7adde46bd4d46f5bdc6a21ba024e048.png" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;">降低浓度的阳性对照示例</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">平常</span>问题解答</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Q1:试剂盒中的96-Well Microplate<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>一个,<span style="color: black;">不足</span>实验<span style="color: black;">运用</span>怎么办?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A1:该试剂盒中的96孔板是免费送的,后续实验<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用常规的96孔酶标板代替。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Q2:试剂盒操作说明书中既有标准曲线法又有公式法,我应该<span style="color: black;">选取</span>哪种计算方式?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A2:两种方式任选一种就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>,公式是简便算法,<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">根据</span>标曲计算,会更加准确。<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>的是,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>标准曲线法,每次实验<span style="color: black;">必要</span>重新绘制标准曲线。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">Q3:试剂盒中的阳性对照<span style="color: black;">必须</span>和标准曲线<span style="color: black;">同样</span>每次都做吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">A3:阳性对照不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>每次都做,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在首次实验时做以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>您确认试剂盒<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有问题。当然,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有老师每次做实验都会做阳性对照,以便在实验数据不正常时排查实验哪里出了问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考文献</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> 杨柳易,王琛.有氧糖酵解对肾脏<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>影响的<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">发展</span>.中国中西医结合肾病杂志, 2022,23(8):744-746.</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"> Chang L, Li G, Jiang S, et al. 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate inhibit T cell glycolysis in prostate cancer microenvironment by SHP1/PKM2/LDHB axis. Cell Commun Signal. 2024;22(1):101. Published 2024 Feb 8. doi:10.1186/s12964-024-01493-1</p>
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