没需化疗的癌症治疗——生物制剂和免疫疗法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>需化疗的癌症治疗</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">——生物制剂和免疫疗法</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">几个世纪<span style="color: black;">败兴</span>,<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">始终</span>在寻找治疗癌症最有效的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。癌症治疗的两大里程碑,一个是<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在20世纪20年代初,放疗技术的产生;第二次是在20世纪40年代,化疗技术的引入。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">2003年,<strong style="color: blue;">人类基因组计划</strong>的完成标志着人们对癌症和其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的认识<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了巨大的转变。世界医学界开始从基因层面认识和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>癌症。<span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员绘制了<span style="color: black;">全部</span>人类的遗传<span style="color: black;">暗码</span>,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">每一个</span>人类细胞由20,000到30,000个基因<span style="color: black;">构成</span>。基于<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的认知,在过去的十几年,世界医疗界对癌症<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>方向<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了翻天覆地的变化,<span style="color: black;">开发</span>出了<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的癌症新药和新的治疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>正在<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的用于癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>中,大约<span style="color: black;">90%</span>都是<span style="color: black;">生物制剂</span><span style="color: black;">或免疫学<span style="color: black;">药品</span></span>,而不是化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。其中<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出来,并被广泛应用于<span style="color: black;">有些</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的化疗替代。虽然近几十年来化疗是大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>最常用的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,但越来越多的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>被挤出<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>之外。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UvSsfSGGovx7mR7YGJKO5icAm8ETgLiaMUKFxicOGcYPsVicdVbI7yW8MQiaD4SL2e8CSTzgJu8Na4PvCFjXFSQXGOA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>要取代旧的化疗?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">癌症化疗在20世纪50年代<span style="color: black;">起始</span>全面实施。化疗<span style="color: black;">始终</span>是癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>方式。</span>大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>标准的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>都是<span style="color: black;">经过</span>杀死<span style="color: black;">身体</span>快速生长和分裂的细胞来起<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>快速分裂生长的除了癌细胞,还有<span style="color: black;">有些</span>正常健康的细胞。化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在杀死这些癌细胞的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>于这些正常的细胞,使健康的细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>遭受化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">熬煎</span>,从而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了严重的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。据统计,<span style="color: black;">86%的化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是有效的还是<span style="color: black;">没</span>效的,都有副<span style="color: black;">功效</span></span><span style="color: black;">,都会使生活质量恶化,对身体<span style="color: black;">导致</span>严重的压力,<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>会危及生命。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">近十几年来,医学界<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;">更有效</span>、<span style="color: black;">更有靶向性</span>和<span style="color: black;">更安全</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。生物制剂和免疫疗法<span style="color: black;">便是</span>针对<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>而产生的。这两种疗法的目的<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">利用身体的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>机制来对抗癌细胞<span style="color: black;">,<span style="color: black;">同期</span></span>减少对健康细胞不必要的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>和副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>的产生</span>。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/UvSsfSGGovx7mR7YGJKO5icAm8ETgLiaMUKFxicOGcYPsVicdVbI7yW8MQiaD4SL2e8CSTzgJu8Na4PvCFjXFSQXGOA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是生物制剂?</strong></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">生物制剂<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>活细胞或类似于活细胞的物质生产出来的,而不是<span style="color: black;">通常</span>化疗里化学合成的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。在大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,“生物制剂”一词更严格</span><span style="color: black;">地用于一类<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">触及</span><span style="color: black;">重组基因技术</span>的生物过程产生的治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">疫苗<span style="color: black;">或</span>生物合成的人胰岛素都是生物制剂的范例。</span><span style="color: black;">一款生物药剂的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>要经历<span style="color: black;">最少</span>十几年的时间。尽管如此,自21世纪初始,越来越多的此类<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>了FDA<span style="color: black;">商场</span><span style="color: black;">准许</span>进入临床<span style="color: black;">运用</span>。</span></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/UvSsfSGGovx7mR7YGJKO5icAm8ETgLiaMUdibzF4biaO2WSvgHUuafUy9WMGbdg6LnyHr6FPa8BQtibeicJmaDwx9pSQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">现<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,国际上<span style="color: black;">针对</span>生物制剂的<span style="color: black;">开发</span>在癌症治疗上分为两个方向:</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一个方向是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">刺激和恢复人体的免疫系统</span>来重新识别和杀死癌症 ,这种<span style="color: black;">药品</span>并不直接对抗癌细胞,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">药品</span>免疫疗法。<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>说的<span style="color: black;">控制</span>剂,单克隆抗体,癌症疫苗都属于这一个范畴。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>一种生物制剂是<span style="color: black;">直接针对癌细胞</span>的,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>干扰肿瘤生长和扩散所需的特定靶向分子来阻断癌细胞的生长的生物疗法,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为靶向疗法。虽然靶向<span style="color: black;">药品</span>在技术上被认为是化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>。但靶向治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>直接针对的是<span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞<span style="color: black;">反常</span>的靶点,它的<span style="color: black;">功效</span>方式与标准化疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>截然不同,它<span style="color: black;">更安全</span>,<span style="color: black;">副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>更少</span>,被认为是标准化疗的升级优化版。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>生物制剂和常规化疗的最<span style="color: black;">重点</span>区别就在于:</span></strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">治疗更<span style="color: black;">精细</span>,对健康组织几乎不<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>更小。</span></strong><span style="color: black;">在当今医学界,对癌症治疗的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>越来越关注在生物和免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>上,并且这个趋势还会<span style="color: black;">持续</span>增长。在以色列,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>国家特殊的医疗政策,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">得到</span>最新的生物,免疫<span style="color: black;">药品</span>,还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>受益于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>在临床<span style="color: black;">实验</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>。当然这些<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的匹配和<span style="color: black;">选取</span>都要基于一个“<span style="color: black;">三联免疫检测</span>”的结果,为<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>和验证最<span style="color: black;">精细</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">避免了不必要的“试错”</span>,为<span style="color: black;">病人</span>节省了宝贵的治疗时间。关于这个检测,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>会在另一篇<span style="color: black;">文案</span>里<span style="color: black;">仔细</span>说明。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/UvSsfSGGovx7mR7YGJKO5icAm8ETgLiaMUkqia0uNhRC24eke4w48ww0U5smYDHnW8fhwC66zAyo7q4SMm2NslE7g/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">—<span style="color: black;">END</span>—<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">撰写人: 顾颖</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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