白茶基本知识
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白茶是六大茶类中比较特殊的存在，跟其它五大茶类相比，白茶，可谓是中国茶里的极简主义，制作最为简单自然，工序较少。白茶虽工艺至简，但内涵却很丰富，关于白茶的入门知识，你<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么是白茶？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>GB/T 22291-2017《白茶》国标中所述，白茶是以大白茶、水仙茶树或群体种茶树品种的芽、叶、茎为原料，经萎凋、干燥、拣剔等特定工艺制成的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240531/2a6e2392d4c94fcca567f7b30c0ba9ab.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白茶是六大茶类之一，与绿茶、黄茶、青茶、红茶、黑茶并列。从工艺和发酵程度上来看，它属于微发酵茶。不炒不揉不杀青，只经过萎凋和干燥制作而成。白茶<span style="color: black;">始终</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>都是六大茶类里面接近天然，人工<span style="color: black;">干涉</span>少，原汁原味的茶。茶氨酸、茶多酚、多糖、维生素、黄酮素等物质的含量，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>极为丰富。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">福鼎白茶，则<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>福鼎大白茶、福鼎大毫茶以及福鼎菜茶的芽叶制成。得益于福鼎独特的气候、土壤等先天性地理<span style="color: black;">要求</span>和高<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的制作工艺，福鼎白茶享誉全国。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240531/7208e3146ea94ad1bc5e72c15c0f5322.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">归类</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>茶树品种和原料<span style="color: black;">需求</span>的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>，白茶分为白毫银针、白牡丹、寿眉和贡眉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白毫银针</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以肥壮的芽头为主，满披白毫，挺直如针。<span style="color: black;">持有</span>饱满白毫的银针，有着丰富的氨基酸等物质，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>茶汤清爽鲜甜，入口顺滑，回甘生津。经<span style="color: black;">太多</span>年的存储后的老银针，茶汤的鲜爽感会下降，陈化出甘香绵柔、淳滑如浆的茶汤质感。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240531/54b284195885423381e6558155daae4f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白牡丹</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采摘一芽<span style="color: black;">1、</span>二叶，以绿叶夹银色白毫芽形似花朵，故而得名。白牡丹按鲜嫩等级可分为：特级牡丹、一级牡丹、二级牡丹和三级牡丹。白牡丹上承白毫银针，下启春寿眉，兼备白毫银针的鲜，和春寿眉的醇，两者风情衍生出多重变化的香甜<span style="color: black;">口味</span>。陈化<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的白牡丹，清、鲜味下降，茶汤<span style="color: black;">口味</span>更加顺滑、沉稳。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">寿眉</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">采摘一芽三四叶，有芽有叶有梗。其形粗放，<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">持有</span>宽阔的叶片，较长的茶梗。寿眉的梗叶之中<span style="color: black;">累积</span>丰富的内含物质，丰富的胶质及可溶性糖使得其甜度更高，茶汤入口醇和绵润，回甘生津。老寿眉的香气与<span style="color: black;">口味</span>甜度上都更为沉稳，茶汤稠如米浆，有内容感，滋味醇厚甜润。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240531/4a3601d401554cdfa9be240752a5e32c.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">贡眉</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">贡眉是用福鼎菜茶（俗<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>土茶）的嫩梢制成的，外形较白茶瘦小，毫心显而多。新贡眉香气清纯，<span style="color: black;">口味</span>甜醇爽口，汤感较粗，随着沏泡<span style="color: black;">口味</span>会<span style="color: black;">逐步</span>顺滑。老贡眉的<span style="color: black;">口味</span>顺滑甘醇，生津<span style="color: black;">显著</span>且持久，随着转化时间的延长，还会有枣香、陈香和药香等香气。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>年份的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为新白茶、陈白茶、老白茶；<span style="color: black;">按照</span>产区的海拔，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为高山茶和平地茶；<span style="color: black;">按照</span>形态的<span style="color: black;">区别</span>，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为散茶和饼茶；<span style="color: black;">按照</span>采摘季节，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>分为春茶和秋茶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶的制作工序有<span style="color: black;">那些</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白茶的制作<span style="color: black;">通常</span>分为萎凋和干燥两道工序，而其<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是在于萎凋。萎凋分为室内萎凋和室外日光萎凋两种。要<span style="color: black;">按照</span>气候灵活<span style="color: black;">把握</span>，以春秋晴天或夏季不闷热的晴朗天气，采取室内萎凋或复式萎凋为佳。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其精制工艺是在剔除梗、片、蜡叶、红张、暗张之后，以文火进行烘焙至足干，只宜以火香衬托茶香，待水分含量为4～5％时，趁热装箱。白茶制法的特点是既不破坏酶的活性，又不促进氧化<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，且保持毫香显现，汤味鲜爽。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240531/9e9c1db9ad06444f85c110e140df1ef6.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶的品质特点是什么？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白茶的品质特点，大概<span style="color: black;">能够</span>用这四个字来概括：鲜、香、醇、爽。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">鲜，<span style="color: black;">表率</span>的是茶汤有<span style="color: black;">新鲜</span>感、<span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的，喝完后口腔里是干净的、舒服的，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>带有杂味和异味，更<span style="color: black;">不可</span>喝起来沉闷浑浊。喝白茶时，若是能感受到如同山泉般的细润稠滑，就证明品质不差。而白茶的鲜爽感，<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">源自</span>于<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的茶氨酸物质。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240531/16748f945df249159f3833e86d373c68.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">其余香、醇、爽，<span style="color: black;">一样</span>是好白茶所<span style="color: black;">必要</span>具备的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。香气清晰，富有层次感；汤水醇厚，清新淡雅，如浆似汤；咽下以后，舌面清透爽口，<span style="color: black;">无</span>任何黏腻、刺激、苦涩的体验。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，鲜、香、醇、爽，正是一款好白茶品质特点的表现。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶怎么泡才好喝？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冲泡白茶是比较简单的，<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>给<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍两种<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的冲泡方式。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">方式一：盖碗冲泡</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白瓷盖碗是常用的冲泡方式，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，110毫升<span style="color: black;">上下</span>的盖碗，搭配5克白茶（<span style="color: black;">详细</span>投茶量可<span style="color: black;">按照</span>自己<span style="color: black;">口味</span>来定）。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240531/7aeae0d5cbb745ad93b703fe5ea17e81.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">先温器，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>投茶，水温<span style="color: black;">按照</span>茶叶老嫩程度来，银针牡丹较嫩宜用90度<span style="color: black;">上下</span>水温，寿眉可直接用100度水冲泡。注水等待20秒后出汤，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>泡出汤时间较长，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>茶叶要从干茶的状态浸泡开，有利于后面倒出的茶汤<span style="color: black;">口味</span>更好。后面立即出汤既可，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>感觉茶汤口感偏淡，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>适当坐杯。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">方式二：紫砂壶冲泡</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">爱喝茶的人都会<span style="color: black;">保藏</span>若干把紫砂壶，紫砂壶泡白茶个人<span style="color: black;">意见</span>更适合老白茶。紫砂壶泡老白茶，能更好地展现出老白茶的醇厚度，汤感更好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">紫砂壶器型成百上千种，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>的器型个人<span style="color: black;">意见</span>不宜过大，在200毫升以内为佳，器型要出水好，直嘴为佳，身桶<span style="color: black;">选取</span>圆润饱满的，有利于茶叶舒展开。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240531/93a6debd035b4c32afa3cc09809f1d7f.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">温器后投茶，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>150毫升茶壶投5g<span style="color: black;">上下</span>白茶，<span style="color: black;">第1</span>泡待茶叶浸泡开出汤，后面<span style="color: black;">就可</span>出汤就好。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老白茶经过<span style="color: black;">长期</span>的转化，茶叶的内质丰富，冲泡方式更加多元，<span style="color: black;">能够</span>先泡再煮，<span style="color: black;">或</span>以煮代泡，还<span style="color: black;">能够</span>焖着喝。而<span style="color: black;">区别</span>冲泡<span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会令同一款老白茶呈现出<span style="color: black;">区别</span>的<span style="color: black;">口味</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶应<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">保留</span>？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">白茶素有“一年茶、三年陈、七年宝”的美誉，在<span style="color: black;">保留</span>时<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span>密封、避光、干燥、防异味。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短期储存<span style="color: black;">需求</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">短期储存白茶的时候，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span>一个密封性能好、<span style="color: black;">没</span>异味的铁罐来<span style="color: black;">保留</span>。在<span style="color: black;">选取</span>铁罐时，最好能够有个内盖，<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>有效防止水汽侵入茶叶，给茶叶<span style="color: black;">供给</span>额外的<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>平时喝茶的频率，<span style="color: black;">选取</span>一个合适容量的铁罐<span style="color: black;">亦</span>非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。<span style="color: black;">针对</span>白茶<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，最好让铁罐装得满满的，这样<span style="color: black;">能够</span>减少空气在罐中的残留。在将茶叶放入铁罐之前，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>先在罐内套上一层干净、干燥、<span style="color: black;">没</span>异味的食品级塑料袋，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>用夹子<span style="color: black;">或</span>塑料绳将袋口封紧，再盖上内盖和外盖做到密封紧致。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240531/d9d8e230b608472785f17158fd7b26be.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>拆封的茶饼，只需将棉纸重新包好，再装入茶饼密封袋中，常温<span style="color: black;">保留</span>，切勿放进冰箱。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>储存<span style="color: black;">需求</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">长时间</span>储存<span style="color: black;">意见</span>采用三层包装法：<span style="color: black;">第1</span>层采用食品级塑料袋将白茶装起来密封；第二层套入铝箔袋，挤掉空气，用绳子系好口；最后再将包装好的白茶放入瓦楞纸箱中并做好封口，<span style="color: black;">安置</span>在常温、避光、干燥、<span style="color: black;">没</span>异味的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">新白茶好还是老白茶好？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新白茶清纯素雅，老白茶醇厚绵长。<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是新茶还是老茶，在原料和制作工艺上把握得当的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，都有品味和体验的价值和<span style="color: black;">道理</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">新茶友刚入门，不必一味追求老白茶，<span style="color: black;">以避免</span>在年份上吃了亏。而“存新茶，喝老茶”<span style="color: black;">便是</span>不错的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">经过</span>自己储存白茶，既<span style="color: black;">能够</span>享受白茶随时间变化的魅力，又<span style="color: black;">能够</span>以较低的成本品尝到真正年份的老白茶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">散茶好还是饼茶好？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">散茶是白茶原始、传统的形态，但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人喝不懂散茶的清新和鲜爽。相比之下，饼茶经过蒸压后，细胞部分破壁，细胞液溢出，发酵程度略微<span style="color: black;">加强</span>了一点点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从滋味<span style="color: black;">方向</span>而言，饼茶喝起来更加地浑厚、浓郁；而从冲泡<span style="color: black;">方便</span><span style="color: black;">方向</span>而言，散茶<span style="color: black;">没</span>需撬饼<span style="color: black;">过程</span>，更具<span style="color: black;">优良</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240531/74bba46fa30245a9afce8f02544370f0.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">决定白茶品质的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是产区、工艺、储存，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>满足这三个<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的白茶，不论是散茶还是饼茶，都属于好茶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">白茶适合什么季节喝？</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">喝茶这件事<span style="color: black;">无</span>绝对的季节限定，只要是好茶，一年四季都皆宜。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">春季</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">立春之后，寒尽春生，此时的气温依旧很冷，湿冷气温下，多喝甘醇温热的老白茶，很是舒服！</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">夏季</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">入夏后，宜饮当年的白毫银针、白牡丹这些鲜嫩的茶，新白茶的清新、鲜爽，倒是和绿叶清汤的绿茶，有着异曲同工之妙。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">秋季</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">秋老虎<span style="color: black;">连续</span>盘亘的早秋，遵循夏天喝白茶的思路，适当喝新茶准没错。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冬季</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">冬天喝白茶，是老白茶的天下。漫长的寒冷季节，身体本能就更倾向汤水醇的、汤感绵柔的、茶味细滑的老白茶。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">喝茶的<span style="color: black;">选取</span>，不必太刻意墨守成规，适合自己的，才是最好的。</p>
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感谢楼主的分享！我学到了很多。
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