癌症相关的淋巴水肿:显现害处及治疗护理
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">前言</strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>前的<span style="color: black;">文案</span>讲述了<a style="color: black;">淋巴结以及淋巴结转移到底是怎么回事?</a>癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">关联</span>的问题除了淋巴结转移外,<span style="color: black;">平常</span>的<span style="color: black;">关联</span>问题还有淋巴水肿问题。本文讲述了癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">原由</span>、淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群以及<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么<span style="color: black;">引起</span>了癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的淋巴水肿?</strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴水肿是皮肤下方脂肪组织中淋巴液的积聚。某些癌症类型的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受治疗后可能会患上淋巴水肿。淋巴系统结构的任何改变都有<span style="color: black;">引起</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">手术</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在癌症手术<span style="color: black;">时期</span>,<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能会切除肿瘤<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的淋巴结,<span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">可否</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>扩散。当淋巴结被切除时,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>淋巴管流经淋巴结并被淋巴结所包裹,携带液体从该区域到身体其他部位的淋巴管<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被切除了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">切除淋巴结和淋巴管会使手臂、腿部或其他身体部位的淋巴液更难流入胸腔,并回流到血液中。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>剩余的淋巴管<span style="color: black;">不可</span>清除该部位足够的液体,液体积聚,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿胀<span style="color: black;">导致</span>淋巴水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">放疗</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">放射治疗可<span style="color: black;">经过</span>疤痕、<span style="color: black;">损害</span>淋巴结和淋巴管从而影响淋巴液的流动。这<span style="color: black;">增多</span>了淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌症本身</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有时候,肿瘤自己<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会阻塞淋巴系统,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>淋巴水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">感染</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">感染区域<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会阻碍淋巴液的流动<span style="color: black;">引起</span>淋巴水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">能够</span>预防吗?</strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>确定的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来预防所有的淋巴水肿,<span style="color: black;">然则</span>有<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</strong>
</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">例如,当<span style="color: black;">必须</span>切除淋巴结时,现代外科手术的<span style="color: black;">有些</span>技术可能会有所<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB</strong>)是肿瘤外科的一大进步。它被用来寻找癌细胞流入的淋巴结,以便<span style="color: black;">检测</span>癌症。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在这些淋巴结中<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌细胞,这就允许外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>切除更少的淋巴结。<strong style="color: blue;">SLNB已证明有助于降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。 </strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">腋窝逆向淋巴结造影(ARM)</strong>是一种技术,将蓝色染料放在上臂,以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>寻找引流手臂的淋巴结。外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>尝试不改变这些淋巴结。<strong style="color: blue;">ARM<span style="color: black;">可否</span>有助于减少淋巴水肿的结果尚不清楚</strong><strong style="color: blue;">。</strong> </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>事情来降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">能够</span>咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>相应的淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>之中,要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>该<span style="color: black;">重视</span>什么,并采取<span style="color: black;">过程</span>降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">何时会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>淋巴水肿?</strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;">手术后:暂时性淋巴水肿</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴水肿可在手术后立即<span style="color: black;">起始</span>。这叫做暂时性(或短期)淋巴水肿。它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>是轻度的,并在接下来的1个月<span style="color: black;">上下</span>消失。它<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能在手术后或放疗后约6至8周<span style="color: black;">起始</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽管这种类型的淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">一般</span>随着时间的推移<span style="color: black;">自动</span>消失,如有淋巴结水肿你应该马上告诉你的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。肿胀区域看起来很红,感觉很热,这<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能是血栓、感染或其他<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>的问题的征兆。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>其他<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肿胀的问题,临时性淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>抬<span style="color: black;">能手</span>臂或腿部,并<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>减轻炎症的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>来治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">癌症治疗后数月或数年<span style="color: black;">显现</span>:慢性淋巴水肿</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种形式的淋巴水肿随着时间的推移慢慢发展。它可能会在癌症治疗后数月<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>数年才<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。肿胀程度可能从轻微到严重。收集皮肤和底层组织的淋巴液会令人非常不舒服。它能阻止营养物质到达细胞,干扰伤口愈合,并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>感染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴水肿可能是一个<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>的问题,但有办法管理它。<span style="color: black;">重要</span>是<span style="color: black;">初期</span>处理。越早治疗,淋巴水肿越容易治疗,疗效<span style="color: black;">亦</span>更好</strong>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴水肿的表现</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患者确实<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了淋巴水肿,最好能及早识别,<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>马上<span style="color: black;">起始</span>接受治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该<span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>的症状和体征<span style="color: black;">包含</span>:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿胀</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">身体的一部分(如手臂、腿、腹部或生殖器)感觉肿胀或沉重</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">皮肤纹理改变,感觉很紧或很硬,或看起来发红</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该地区<span style="color: black;">显现</span>新的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,刺痛,麻木,或其他不适</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在关节<span style="color: black;">周边</span>(如手,手腕或脚踝)或眼睑,喉咙或嘴唇的运动或灵活性受限</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">某些部位穿衣服有困难,如袖子、裤腿或鞋子太紧</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">即使体重<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>,衣领、戒指、手表和/或手镯感觉很紧</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一<span style="color: black;">起始</span>的时候,皮肤<span style="color: black;">一般</span>能保持柔软,此时抬高患处可能会减轻肿胀。但随着时间的推移,肿胀的区域可能会变得又热又红,皮肤又粗又硬。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不治疗,运动和患处的功能可能会受限。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">什么时候寻求<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>观察到任何<span style="color: black;">以上</span>症状或如下变化,请尽快联系<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>任何患处,如手臂或腿,感觉到热,看起来发红,或<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>肿胀。这些可能是感染或血栓的迹象,可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span>马上治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>体温高达38度或更高(口腔测试),而这种高体温与感冒或流感<span style="color: black;">没</span>关。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患处<span style="color: black;">没</span>故<span style="color: black;">显现</span>任何新的<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>是正常的现象?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受过淋巴结切除或放射治疗,可在镜子前仔细观察身体。比较身体两侧,寻找<span style="color: black;">体积</span>,形状,或肤色的变化。尽可能<span style="color: black;">认识</span>自己的身体,<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>什么是正常的。<span style="color: black;">这般</span>有任何变化就能<span style="color: black;">初期</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>,并马上得到治疗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有些<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在手术前<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>患处(如腿或手臂),<span style="color: black;">而后</span>重新<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>,以便在肿胀变得<span style="color: black;">显著</span>之前能够检测和治疗。<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>采取这些<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>人群</strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>尚<span style="color: black;">不可</span>完全理解<span style="color: black;">为何</span>有些人比其他人<span style="color: black;">更易</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>淋巴水肿的问题。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>还<span style="color: black;">无</span>确定的<span style="color: black;">办法</span>来预防淋巴水肿。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>,大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>专家认为,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>做<span style="color: black;">有些</span>事情,以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,延缓其发病,或减少其影响。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">我有淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>吗?</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">接受过淋巴结清除和/或放射治疗的人患上<span style="color: black;">长时间</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高。但<span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>办法预测谁会患上淋巴水肿。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">几乎所有类型的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在手术或放疗后都可能会有淋巴水肿的问题,但它<span style="color: black;">一般</span>与如下癌症类型的治疗<span style="color: black;">关联</span>:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">前列腺癌</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">盆腔部位的癌症(如膀胱癌、阴茎癌、睾丸癌、子宫内膜癌、外阴癌或宫颈癌)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">淋巴瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">黑色素瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">头颈部肿瘤</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">淋巴水肿最常出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>手臂或腿部,但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可能<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在身体的其他部位</strong>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">出现</span>乳腺癌的治疗后,可能影响乳腺、胸部和腋下,以及靠近手术区域的手臂。腹部(腹部)癌症或盆腔癌症治疗的,淋巴水肿可能以腹部,生殖器,一条腿或两个腿的肿胀的形式<span style="color: black;">显现</span>。头颈部肿瘤的治疗与面部、口腔、眼睛和颈部淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">一旦淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,就<span style="color: black;">没</span>法治愈。尽管如此,<span style="color: black;">初期</span>、仔细的管理<span style="color: black;">能够</span>减少症状,并<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>它<span style="color: black;">再也不</span>恶化。越早治疗,反应越好。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span></strong></strong><strong style="color: blue;">1、<span style="color: black;">定时</span>体检。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">定时</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>应<span style="color: black;">包含</span>淋巴水肿的筛查。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>记录了患处的<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>指标,这可能是体检的一部分。咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>应该多久<span style="color: black;">检测</span>一次。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">2、女性<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">不该</span>该避免乳房钼靶<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">乳房钼靶<span style="color: black;">检测</span>是乳腺癌随访的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>部分,<span style="color: black;">不该</span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>担心淋巴水肿而回避。<span style="color: black;">日前</span>尚<span style="color: black;">无</span>证据<span style="color: black;">显示</span>乳房钼靶<span style="color: black;">检测</span>和手臂或胸部淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">出现</span>或恶化<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在乳房钼靶<span style="color: black;">检测</span>后<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到乳房肿胀或<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要告诉<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">3、向<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">报告</span>任何的变化</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">随着时间的推移,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>将适应并<span style="color: black;">认识</span>患处部位<span style="color: black;">一般</span>看起来和摸起来的样子。任何<span style="color: black;">体积</span>、颜色、温度、感觉或皮肤<span style="color: black;">情况</span>的变化,应立即报告<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">4、试着<span style="color: black;">得到</span>和/或维持健康体重</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>的人淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>更高,<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会使治疗更加困难。</strong><span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该尽可能<span style="color: black;">得到</span>和/或维持健康的体重。<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>和<span style="color: black;">膳食</span><span style="color: black;">平衡</span>是<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>体重的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">多吃蔬菜和<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>。<span style="color: black;">按照</span>中国居民膳食指南<span style="color: black;">举荐</span>,<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">摄食</span>一斤蔬菜,半斤<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">选取</span>全谷物食品而不是白面粉和糖。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">减少红肉和加工肉类的摄入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">限制酒精摄入:女性<span style="color: black;">每日</span>最多喝1杯酒,男性<span style="color: black;">每日</span>最多喝2杯。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">5、运动</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该<span style="color: black;">运用</span>身体受到癌症影响的部位,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>活动<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>愈合得当并恢复力量。</strong><span style="color: black;">运用</span>肌肉<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有助于淋巴液像以前<span style="color: black;">同样</span>回流。运动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有助于保持肌肉灵活,有助于淡化疤痕。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">某些类型的运动<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有助于降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,患上淋巴水肿后<span style="color: black;">有些</span>运动能更好的有助于恢复</strong>。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受过手术或放射治疗,咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>,什么时候<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做<span style="color: black;">那些</span>什么类型的练习。逃避运动,使身体<span style="color: black;">肥壮</span>变形,可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>淋巴水肿和阵发性的肿胀,这有时<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">爆发</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>:</strong><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>淋巴水肿的人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>和不<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>都有<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</strong>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>很像心脏病<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>后的<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>:不运动会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>进一步心功能失调(这当然是<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>的),但过度运动可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>损害。<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>或使淋巴水肿恶化。<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>过度可能会<span style="color: black;">引起</span><span style="color: black;">损伤</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>与淋巴水肿的发展<span style="color: black;">关联</span>。</strong>与训练有素的健身或健康专业人士<span style="color: black;">一块</span>设计一个适合的运动计划,并从低强度<span style="color: black;">起始</span>和缓慢<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,以避免过度<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">关于安全<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>的<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">尽可能正常地<span style="color: black;">运用</span>患处</strong>。一旦<span style="color: black;">病人</span>完全愈合(<span style="color: black;">一般</span>在手术或放射治疗后约4至6周),<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>恢复手术前的活动量了。但<span style="color: black;">首要</span>还是和医生确认一下。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">经常<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>,但<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不要使自己过度疲劳</strong>。在<span style="color: black;">起始</span>任何运动之前,和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>或理疗师<span style="color: black;">交流</span>。<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>设定<span style="color: black;">目的</span>和<span style="color: black;">有些</span>限制,<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>在适合活动水平上<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>了。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患处<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">病痛</span>或肿胀,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>躺下来并把它抬高到心脏水平以上。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">避免过度<span style="color: black;">运用</span>患处</strong>。<span style="color: black;">忽然</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span>工作时间或强度可能会触发或加重淋巴水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">避免剧烈的重复活动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">避免重举或重拉。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">任何运动计划应逐步<span style="color: black;">起始</span>,<span style="color: black;">小心</span>地<span style="color: black;">增多</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>有<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>,肿胀,或其他不适时应停止。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>有任何问题,咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免感染、烧伤和受伤</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的身体<span style="color: black;">经过</span>向<span style="color: black;">关联</span>区域<span style="color: black;">传送</span>额外的液体和白血球来处理感染、烧伤或伤口。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>淋巴结和淋巴血管缺失或受损,身体更难<span style="color: black;">传送</span>额外的液体,这可能触发或加重淋巴水肿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">照顾好皮肤很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>,尤其是在有淋巴水肿的地区。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不治疗,淋巴水肿会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>皮肤增厚,而皮下的软组织则会变得僵硬和不灵活(软组织纤维化)。感染<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>较高。保持皮肤干爽。规律的<span style="color: black;">运用</span>护肤品会让皮肤免于开裂。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">有些</span>基本的预防<span style="color: black;">办法</span>,良好的卫生习惯和细致的皮肤护理,能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>避免感染、烧伤和<span style="color: black;">损害</span>。有可能有助于降低淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。<span style="color: black;">根据</span>下面这些提示,以<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>照顾身体接受过手术和/或放疗的部位:</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>未受影响的手臂进行抽血,静脉输液,和注射</strong>。<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在<span style="color: black;">病人</span>未受影响的手臂或其他部位如臀部接种流感疫苗和疫苗。但要告诉<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>或护士,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">保持患处清洁</strong>。细心的皮肤护理<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>预防感染。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>保湿乳液或乳霜保持手、脚和角质层柔软和湿润。这将有助于预防皮肤龟裂或开裂。在角质层软化时(洗澡后)用软棉签将角质层推回,而不是用剪刀来剪。不要挑或咬指甲。勤剪脚趾甲有助于预防嵌甲。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">清洁和<span style="color: black;">守护</span>因割伤、擦伤、划伤、蚊虫叮咬、倒刺或破损的角质层<span style="color: black;">引起</span>的任何皮肤的开口。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">观察<span style="color: black;">初期</span>感染症状,如从伤口或擦伤的脓,皮疹,红色斑点或红色条纹,肿胀,发热,压痛,寒战或发热。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>觉得有感染,马上联系<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">修剪宠物的爪子时<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>小心,避免划伤。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>手臂受到影响,做下述家务时戴防护手套和袖子:<span style="color: black;">运用</span>刺激的化学清洁剂或钢毛时,做园艺或做院子里的工作时,与可能抓伤或咬伤的动物工作时。缝制时戴顶针,减少针刺伤手指。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">剃须时要格外小心,在干净的皮肤上<span style="color: black;">运用</span>干净的剃须刀。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">运用</span>驱虫剂,以防止户外时蚊虫叮咬。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患处被叮咬,马上清洁并<span style="color: black;">加强</span>肢体,冰敷叮咬或刺痛的部位。保持清洁,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>它<span style="color: black;">表示</span>任何感染的迹象,联系<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">避免刺激或使皮肤皲裂的活动。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">守护</span>身体免于晒伤,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是治疗区。用密织的衣服覆盖这些地区,或<span style="color: black;">运用</span>广谱的、标记为SPF30或更高的防晒霜,并在上午10时至下午4时<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>远离太阳,那时候紫外线(UV)射线是最强的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">患处的肢体可能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>像以前那样能感受到热或冷。用不受影响的肢体测试水浴温度。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在油炸<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、煮沸液体和从微波炉中取出<span style="color: black;">食品</span>时要小心。<span style="color: black;">运用</span>烤箱手套。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">避免高温,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>热水浴缸和桑拿。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在患处<span style="color: black;">运用</span>加热垫或冰袋,限制<span style="color: black;">运用</span>的时间长度,以防止身体因<span style="color: black;">无</span>反应,<span style="color: black;">导致</span>烫伤或冻伤。热和冷都可能会<span style="color: black;">损害</span>组织,<span style="color: black;">增多</span>体液积聚。<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">意见</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>远离所有可能<span style="color: black;">引起</span>烫伤或冻伤的物品。。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">尽可能<span style="color: black;">守护</span>自己免受跌倒,骨折和严重烧伤。</p><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">怎样</span>护理割伤,划伤,或烧伤</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用肥皂和水清洗这个区域。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在该部位涂抹非处方抗生素软膏。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>该用什么,和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>或药剂师确认。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用干净的纱布或绷带包裹伤口。保持伤口清洁和包裹直到愈合。<span style="color: black;">每日</span>换衣服,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>弄湿了<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>换衣服。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>烧伤,请立即<span style="color: black;">运用</span>冰袋或冷水<span style="color: black;">最少</span>15分钟,<span style="color: black;">而后</span>用肥皂和水清洗,并<span style="color: black;">运用</span>干净清洁的敷料。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">每日</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>感染的<span style="color: black;">初期</span>症状:脓、皮疹、红斑、肿胀,发热,压痛,寒战或发热。</p>
<h3 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免挤压。</strong></h3>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手臂或腿的压缩或挤压会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>邻近血管和淋巴管的压力。这会<span style="color: black;">引起</span>液体<span style="color: black;">增多</span>和肿胀(就像水坝后积蓄的水<span style="color: black;">同样</span>)。有些人认为这与淋巴水肿<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">出现</span><span style="color: black;">相关</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><strong style="color: blue;">其他<span style="color: black;">意见</span></strong></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>手臂受到影响,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>如下:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>穿戴宽松的珠宝、服装、文胸和手套。避免任何太紧或给胸部、手臂或手腕施加压力的东西。服装和紧身服装应该是支撑性的,有温和,均匀的压力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">携带公文包和钱包时不使用肩带。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">穿宽松的、软垫肩带不戳进肩膀的胸罩。<span style="color: black;">保证</span>金属圈不压迫乳房或胸部。乳房切除术后,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>轻的假体(乳房形态)。一个沉重的假体可能会给患处太大的压力。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>可能的话,最好在不受影响的手臂上<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>血压。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>患处在双臂,可在大腿上<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>血压。<span style="color: black;">或</span>,<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">需求</span>血压<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>的人用手泵和听诊器<span style="color: black;">测绘</span>,而不是<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;">设备</span>,机器<span style="color: black;">常常</span>会<span style="color: black;">运用</span>更<span style="color: black;">长期</span>的高压。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>下肢或腿受到影响</strong><strong style="color: blue;">,<span style="color: black;">供给</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>如下:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">穿宽松的衣服。避免任何太紧或给你的腰,腿,或生殖器太大压力的衣服,如内衣、裤紧身弹力带。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">穿合脚的、把脚包住的鞋,不要穿凉鞋或拖鞋。不要赤脚走。 </p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">保持脚部干爽。穿软的防护袜(棉或垫型)。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">避免袜子或丝袜松紧带。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不要同一个姿势站在或坐太久(超过30分钟)。坐时不要交叉双腿。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">蜂窝组织炎</strong>是皮肤下的组织感染。这个问题的体征和症状<span style="color: black;">包含</span>发红、温暖、发烧、<span style="color: black;">病痛</span>和流感样症状。这是一个紧急的医疗问题,<span style="color: black;">必须</span>马上<span style="color: black;">看病</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">蜂窝组织炎可<span style="color: black;">引起</span>或加重淋巴水肿。事实上,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>它<span style="color: black;">作为</span>一个重复的问题,可能<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>抗生素来<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">紧身服装</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">紧身服装是合体的袖子或长袜,<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>手臂或腿的淋巴液回流到身体来预防肿胀。<span style="color: black;">必须</span>非常合身,<span style="color: black;">病人</span>应该遵循<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>,<span style="color: black;">运用</span>和护理这类衣服。</p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic3.zhimg.com/80/v2-b34367de4f6e9f8cda0d4a43f74db95a_720w.webp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">紧身衣服最常用于<span style="color: black;">哪些</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>有淋巴水肿的人。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>有淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">运用</span>紧身衣服<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>降低某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>。例如,可能是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>气压的变化,淋巴水肿可能与空中旅行<span style="color: black;">相关</span>。<span style="color: black;">然则</span>在长途航班或频繁飞行中<span style="color: black;">运用</span>紧身衣有利<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">坏处</span>。最好咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>空中旅行时<span style="color: black;">可否</span>适合<span style="color: black;">运用</span>紧身衣服。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">保证</span>紧身服装合身,穿着得当。在任何<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,不要<span style="color: black;">运用</span>不合身的紧身衣物。这可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>淋巴水肿的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>或使它恶化。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一般</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>紧身衣服来防止运动过程中的淋巴水肿。但<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>在<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>时<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到肿胀,请咨询<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">参考资料:</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">http://www.</span><span style="color: black;">cancer.</span></a>org</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">非经授权,禁止转载。本信息仅供参考不做诊疗指南,<span style="color: black;">详细</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>诊治请咨询主治<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">----<span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">文案</span>请到<a style="color: black;">尚方慧诊讲肿瘤 - 知乎专栏;</a><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>回答请看<a style="color: black;">尚方慧诊 - 知乎</a> </strong></p>
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