婚前感染艾滋，婚后想经过人工授精要孩儿，行吗？【律师专栏 | 普法】
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2019年初，小赵和妻子小王因“<span style="color: black;">不育</span>症”到医院生殖医学中心就诊。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在与<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的沟<span style="color: black;">经过</span>程中，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>夫妇<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>借助捐献者的精子以</span><span style="color: black;">人工授精的方式进行辅助生殖治疗</span><span style="color: black;">。</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>临床治疗程序，<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>双方进行了治疗之前的各项<span style="color: black;">检测</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在等待<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果<span style="color: black;">时期</span>，小赵独自到生殖中心告诉接诊<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，在</span><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">没结婚之前就<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>自己感染了艾滋病病毒</strong></span><span style="color: black;">，自己本不想结婚，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>迫于家庭长辈和社会的压力，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>还是闪婚。<strong style="color: blue;">婚后他与妻子都是工具避孕，以防止艾滋病的传播</strong>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这次<span style="color: black;">需求</span>进行人工辅助生殖治疗助孕，</span><span style="color: black;">一是为了满足父母想要儿孙的愿望，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>想给妻子一个做母亲的机会。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icP7GD0d7rnwBvNfKOssvkuVqajdT5p9mfURflF7EibyNQPqStLkxcI66u74rzVNM2y9EhynFJxmNS9nEpcIicuZw/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">小赵说，妻子并不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>他感染了艾滋病病毒，<span style="color: black;">哀告</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>为他保密，不要告诉妻子。</span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，类似的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>在该院是<span style="color: black;">第1</span>次<span style="color: black;">出现</span>，他会<span style="color: black;">意见</span>科室<span style="color: black;">专家</span>召开会议进行病例讨论，在医院会议讨论结果正式<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>之前，他会暂时为小赵保密。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">几天后的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，小赵精液常规化验完全正常，但艾滋病的检测确实呈现阳性；妻子小王一切正常。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为防止<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>之间感染的可能性，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>又先后<span style="color: black;">意见</span>小王进行了4次艾滋病抗体检测，虽然结果都是阴性，但小王很是疑惑。尽管如此，望子心切的小王还是向<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提出，她其实是<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>用丈夫的精子实施试管婴儿技术助孕。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">与此<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，在<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的<span style="color: black;">意见</span>下，医院<span style="color: black;">根据</span>诊疗规范和<span style="color: black;">关联</span>流程召开了院伦理会议，就<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>对小赵的艾滋病病毒感染<span style="color: black;">状况</span>对其妻子进行保密以及对小赵和小王接下来的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span>进行讨论。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icP7GD0d7rnwBvNfKOssvkuVqajdT5p9mE1WYjMzafdsFp7emhRrCzk0TQNW4pW2IoySxIicpVZTVV9AVTM2jM3g/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">是不是</span>应对妻子保密</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">丈夫患艾滋病病毒感染的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>呢？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icP7GD0d7rnz8To4EC3BPLTOAJgON3IhVQplyrWb7b8HzexKVCnKJegE0mhg4vRK1sOhOiaOlpOpicAqBy2JttRFQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">从我国现行法律来看，除了个别省的<span style="color: black;">地区</span>条例外，</span><span style="color: black;">并<span style="color: black;">无</span>法律条文对<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>在执业过程中，<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>艾滋病病毒感染者或艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>后，<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>应向其配偶进行<span style="color: black;">通知</span>的<span style="color: black;">知道</span><span style="color: black;">指点</span>性规定。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">针对</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的隐私权<span style="color: black;">守护</span>和其配偶的生命健康权<span style="color: black;">守护</span>是两种权利的冲突，<span style="color: black;">通知</span>与否是在法律<span style="color: black;">关联</span>条文的指引下结合病例<span style="color: black;">状况</span>进行的伦理判断和价值取舍。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>我国《执业医师法》的规定，</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>有义务<span style="color: black;">守护</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的隐私</span><span style="color: black;">。感染艾滋病病毒属于小赵的隐私，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>当然有义务<span style="color: black;">守护</span>小赵的隐私权，不<span style="color: black;">泄密</span>这一病情。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">我国《艾滋病防治条例》中<span style="color: black;">亦</span>规定了</span><span style="color: black;">未经<span style="color: black;">自己</span><span style="color: black;">或</span>其监护人同意，任何单位<span style="color: black;">或</span>个人不得公开艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人及其家属<span style="color: black;">关联</span>信息</span><span style="color: black;">。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span>，若<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>任由艾滋病病毒感染者<span style="color: black;">自动</span>判断<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">通知</span>配偶，则其配偶极有可能被感染，这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>是对健康一方健康权的侵害。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，小赵和小王的病例又<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>特殊性，即小赵和小王是<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个整体来医院就诊进行人工辅助生殖技术治疗，<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>二人<span style="color: black;">同期</span>是医院的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>。</span><span style="color: black;">小王<span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>家属和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的双重身份。即医院在诊疗过程中，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>诊疗规范和流程，除了对小王以小赵家属的身份进行<span style="color: black;">通知</span>外，还应对小王以<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的身份对其进行与小赵同等的<span style="color: black;">通知</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>我国法律的规定，</span><span style="color: black;">诊疗过程中，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">通知</span>的内容<span style="color: black;">包含</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的病情和医疗<span style="color: black;">办法</span></span><span style="color: black;">。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<strong style="color: blue;">医院认为有必要将小赵感染艾滋病病毒的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>向其妻子<span style="color: black;">通知</span></strong>。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icP7GD0d7rnwBvNfKOssvkuVqajdT5p9m6TDVUZYHuR8KFPkma3EiaKibmXStyTGcJ3mBpyTtgqPsdcIl984OxgKQ/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">医院<span style="color: black;">能够</span>对小赵和小王</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">实施辅助生殖技术治疗吗？</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/icP7GD0d7rnz8To4EC3BPLTOAJgON3IhVQplyrWb7b8HzexKVCnKJegE0mhg4vRK1sOhOiaOlpOpicAqBy2JttRFQ/640?wx_fmt=png&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">按照</span>我国《人类辅助生殖技术规范》的规定，人类辅助生殖技术<span style="color: black;">包含</span> “人工授精”和“体外受精—胚胎移植及其衍生技术”两大类。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>二人在诊疗初始时，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>向<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提出的借助捐献者精子实施人工授精助孕，和妻子小王单独向<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>提出的试管婴儿助孕，便分别属于这两类人类辅助生殖技术。但每一类技术都要对应<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的适应症，</span><span style="color: black;">非常遗憾的是，小赵不属于<span style="color: black;">不育</span>症人群范畴，<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">不可</span>依据《人类辅助生殖技术规范》接受试管婴儿技术治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而小赵感染艾滋病病毒<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不属于男方<span style="color: black;">身患</span>遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的情形，<span style="color: black;">不可</span>适用《人类辅助生殖技术规范》进行供精人工授精治疗。<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>，<span style="color: black;">按照</span>法律和诊疗规范的规定，院方认为不能向<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>二人<span style="color: black;">供给</span>人类辅助生殖治疗。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icP7GD0d7rnwBvNfKOssvkuVqajdT5p9mXnibHGQKCeqpCktWC9eEBnV1CbxlviaibAGLBgPveQ0TcrvznMBySe60g/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">最后</span>，院方伦理委员会<span style="color: black;">按照</span>讨论结果并综合<span style="color: black;">思虑</span><span style="color: black;">守护</span>家庭稳定等<span style="color: black;">原因</span>，决定<span style="color: black;">首要</span>单独联系小赵，<span style="color: black;">意见</span>他尽早如实向妻子<span style="color: black;">通知</span>感染艾滋病病毒这一<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>小赵仍有顾虑<span style="color: black;">保持</span>不向妻子<span style="color: black;">通知</span>，则院方会在<span style="color: black;">夫妇</span>二人<span style="color: black;">一起</span>来院时，<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">通知</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">不可</span>进行</span>辅助生殖治疗，并寻找有利的<span style="color: black;">机会</span>、以<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的方式向小王<span style="color: black;">通知</span>小赵患艾滋的<span style="color: black;">实质</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>会最大限度的减少对小赵、小王家庭的影响。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">同期</span>，院方<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>，<span style="color: black;">日前</span>HIV抗病毒治疗成效<span style="color: black;">明显</span>，抗病毒治疗后，<span style="color: black;">自动</span>怀孕并不是梦。</span><span style="color: black;">从医学的<span style="color: black;">方向</span>而言，<span style="color: black;">针对</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的辅助生殖治疗确实存在很大的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>和不确定<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/icP7GD0d7rnwBvNfKOssvkuVqajdT5p9m7PtERHOpT5AtD4F3bcLbBcTEibM5IqDw3ibFQufTIP4xenibWicsR84vGA/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>国内用于临床辅助生殖技术的实验室，几乎都不具备为艾滋病感染者及<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>技术服务的<span style="color: black;">要求</span>。但艾滋病感染者和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">身患</span><span style="color: black;">疾患</span>而被迫被<span style="color: black;">掠夺</span>享有平等的辅助生殖治疗的机会，这显然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>得到法律和伦理上的支持。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这里</span>，笔者<span style="color: black;">亦</span>呼吁，<span style="color: black;">是不是</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>修改现行规定或<span style="color: black;">创立</span>高级别实验室等方式，推进艾滋病人群的人类辅助生殖技术，让艾滋病人群平等的享有接受辅助生殖治疗的权利。</span></p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">长按识别二维码</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">博主</span>：张溪宸/赵天（实习）</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">审稿：李小贝/<span style="color: black;">蒋林芝</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">终审：汤识理</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">点一下好看耶</p><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
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