HIV治疗,“快”便是大局!访北京佑安医院邵英护士长|世界艾滋病日微访谈
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_gif/oKJ5O6520ia09kmlpQOSOofW3v9CFcF65GaglRMiaNxN2B8dt3ctZzDu4ibo6CIxueIfiavaNvrLlibgxnmL8fU6W0A/640?wx_fmt=gif&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oKJ5O6520ia3siaDgbz3wm8cZwnUHWamYQxJxKFyTibFPGRHyic49VTOurpLB53UxXqeicAczt5BhqHLWOusOuMubgg/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><strong style="color: blue;">编者按</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2014年,我国疾控中心艾防中心<span style="color: black;">起步</span>“艾滋病病毒感染者个案管理模式探索”试点工作,彼时,<span style="color: black;">没</span>论是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>HIV感染者而言,<span style="color: black;">也</span>或是<span style="color: black;">针对</span>从事HIV诊疗工作的临床医护人员而言,“HIV个案管理”还是一个新名词。但近年来,随着我国艾滋病防控工作的<span style="color: black;">连续</span>深入推进,HIV个案管理已在我国艾滋病<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">行业</span>生根发芽、日趋成熟,并<span style="color: black;">做为</span>连接医、护、感染者间的桥梁,全面助力我国艾滋病防控“三个95%”<span style="color: black;">目的</span><span style="color: black;">早点</span>达成!</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oKJ5O6520ia1F7JneesRAt4mJeXoFvfyoxDnbIIYDlehVwZMfU1LFxw90VlfnrxTfbcb89n3XJP1UF4dafs1pRA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">值此第36个“世界艾滋病日”到来之际,医脉通有幸邀请到来自</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">首都医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>北京佑安医院感染中心门诊的邵英护士长</span></strong><span style="color: black;">,围绕“</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>ART</span></strong><span style="color: black;">”这一<span style="color: black;">专题</span>,为<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>分享了她在<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的HIV个案管理工作中,与HIV感染者之间的温暖故事。</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oKJ5O6520ia1F7JneesRAt4mJeXoFvfyoKmnp8fgthIHodibmKeWRDPJZ0bgkEL8giaCkrO7axCzTGxTRsf2oR25A/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">邵英 护士长</strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首都医科大学<span style="color: black;">附庸</span>北京佑安医院感染中心门诊</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">北京佑安爱心家园专家成员,从事感染与传染性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>工作30余年,艾滋病临床护理与管理20年,是国内首批艾滋病个案管理师,2014年开展门诊艾滋病个案管理工作;2018年成立了“艾滋病护理咨询门诊”;2020年医管局授牌“邵英HIV阳性家庭护理工作室”;带领团队创建艾滋病感染者“点、段、面的全程管理模式”,曾获荣“北京市三八红旗集体”;“荣耀医者-<span style="color: black;">漂亮</span>天使”<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>号;<span style="color: black;">发布</span>论文十余篇,主导护理课题两项,参与课题<span style="color: black;">科研</span>十余项</span></p><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oKJ5O6520ia3siaDgbz3wm8cZwnUHWamYQVAt5jdatmYAfcvcXE5kvMzhCRRynxQ9N2HoQSx9ss8ib0lat6De2vfA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">HIV个案管理“进行时”</strong></span><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/oKJ5O6520ia1F7JneesRAt4mJeXoFvfyoVpKmOiaDqje6eQOca0294Msa9O5RKJyxvpWYaPETb3QC0fPZe4eHXXA/640?wx_fmt=png&from=appmsg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">北京佑安医院感染中心门诊</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2022年12月的一天,北京佑安医院艾滋病门诊室,一位母亲面露难色。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“邵护士长,您<span style="color: black;">必定</span>得帮帮我,<span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>很<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,不愿意来……”</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一名从业<span style="color: black;">数年</span>,有着丰富经验的HIV个案管理师,邵英护士长当即<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到问题的严重性。但专业素养<span style="color: black;">需求</span>她<span style="color: black;">必要</span>保持冷静,“您别着急,来,您先坐下,慢慢说,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">一块</span>来想办法”,在邵护士长镇静、关切的询问下,这位四十多岁的中年母亲慢慢道出事情原委。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">原来母亲是代替儿子小虎(化名)前来咨询的,几天前,小虎<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了不明<span style="color: black;">原由</span>的发热,<span style="color: black;">由于</span>正值疫情高峰,<span style="color: black;">大众</span>都没太<span style="color: black;">留意</span>,以为只是新冠感染,便让小虎自己去医院<span style="color: black;">检测</span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>。小虎从医院回来后,虽然嘴上说着没事,只是新冠感染,<span style="color: black;">休憩</span><span style="color: black;">休憩</span>就好了,但细心的母亲却<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;">孩儿</span><span style="color: black;">心情</span>很<span style="color: black;">欠好</span>,可奈何几番追问之下,始终<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>结果。但就在昨天,母亲在为小虎清洗衣服时,<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了医院的<span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果报告单,结果一栏赫然写着,新冠病毒阴性,HIV检测却是“阳性”。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">面对这一晴天霹雳,和小虎<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,母亲<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是当即便陷入了巨大的震惊和恐慌之中,但反应过来之后,出于一个母亲的本能,对儿子健康的担心战胜了一切,母亲强迫自己立即行动起来,可沟<span style="color: black;">经过</span>后,小虎却说自己心理没准备好,况且这是个慢性病,<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>什么不舒服的,总之<span style="color: black;">没</span>论<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不愿意到医院来接受治疗,<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈之下,母亲这才不得已独自前往医院寻求<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">听完这位母亲的讲述,邵护士长明白,这是一场不容犹疑的闪电战,便立即拿起一张白纸,简单地画图,细致地与小虎母亲讲解了HIV进入人体后复制的机制,以及什么是HIV病毒储存库,储存库的病毒载量<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在感染后的2-4周内快速<span style="color: black;">提升</span>至原先的100至1000倍,<span style="color: black;">为何</span>分秒必争地快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>治疗非常<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>。</span></p>
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<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">邵英护士长为HIV感染者讲解“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">确诊后立即<span style="color: black;">起始</span>治疗,一切就还不迟,只要先<span style="color: black;">控制</span>病毒,后续与HIV的抗争,就会<span style="color: black;">容易</span>许多,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>感染者都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>与普通人<span style="color: black;">同样</span>,<span style="color: black;">持有</span>幸福的、长长的<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">”,邵护士长坚定的语气给小虎母亲吃了一颗定心丸。当天回家后,母亲便将邵护士长的话原封不动地叙述给小虎听,<span style="color: black;">次日</span>,小虎便在母亲的陪同下来到医院,<span style="color: black;">检测</span>确认符合“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>ART”适应症后,当天便<span style="color: black;">起始</span>服药。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">两星期后,再去医院复查时,小虎的血液样本中,HIV病毒载量<span style="color: black;">已然</span>降低至可被检测范围以下。一年时间过去,小虎的生活<span style="color: black;">亦</span>早已重回正轨,“谢谢您,告诉您一个好<span style="color: black;">信息</span>,我升职加薪了,哈哈”,<span style="color: black;">近期</span>一次沟通中,小虎和邵护士长开心地分享到。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">医脉通:谢谢邵护士长的分享,“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”<span style="color: black;">做为</span>艾滋病防控<span style="color: black;">行业</span>近年来备受<span style="color: black;">注意</span>的新理念之一,其<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性<span style="color: black;">不问可知</span>,请您结合您的<span style="color: black;">实质</span>经验,谈一谈“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>“<span style="color: black;">针对</span>病人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着什么?</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">邵英护士长</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:<span style="color: black;">按照</span>世界卫生组织撰写的指南,“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”<span style="color: black;">指的是</span>HIV感染者在确诊7日内<span style="color: black;">起步</span>抗反转录病毒治疗,做好准备的感染者<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>在确诊当日<span style="color: black;">起步</span>。“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”于病人而言,<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">即时</span>止损,它能<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>感染者缩短达到病毒学<span style="color: black;">控制</span>的时间,在最大程度上<span style="color: black;">守护</span>并改善感染者的免疫功能及免疫水平、减少传播、降低感染者的病死率和死亡率。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>在个案咨询过程中,遵循治疗“能快则快,越快越好”的原则,把“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性给感染者讲透、讲清楚,在尊重感染者<span style="color: black;">自己</span>意愿和<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>不扰乱感染者正常工作、生活的<span style="color: black;">基本</span>上,帮其<span style="color: black;">即时</span>止损。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">医脉通:结合您<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的工作经验来看,个管师<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span><span style="color: black;">才可</span><span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>HIV感染者实现“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>“?在这个过程中,<span style="color: black;">一般</span>会面临<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">困难</span>?</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">邵英护士长</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:<span style="color: black;">按照</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的临床经验来看,<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>感染者在最初确诊时跟他提出“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”这一概念,<span style="color: black;">因为</span>受到<span style="color: black;">她们</span>本身认知的影响,会理解不到位,这种时候就<span style="color: black;">需求</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>反复给其强调“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”治疗的<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>性,<span style="color: black;">例如</span>首次<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>个管师和感染者沟通,第二次再由<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和感染者沟通,<span style="color: black;">保证</span>其理解到位,<span style="color: black;">这般</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>有助于用药后<span style="color: black;">创立</span>良好的依从性。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另一方面,个管师具备同理心是很<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的!其实咱们<span style="color: black;">能够</span>换位思考一下,<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>自己<span style="color: black;">处在</span>一个<span style="color: black;">危害</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>大,<span style="color: black;">或</span>受到一个重大事件影响的时候,<span style="color: black;">首要</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>的是什么?<span style="color: black;">针对</span>HIV感染者<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,除了治疗,更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的一点<span style="color: black;">便是</span>隐私<span style="color: black;">守护</span>。医务人员对其隐私的承诺和医疗<span style="color: black;">行径</span>,都会影响感染者对治疗及后期随访人员的信任度,<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在个案管理过程中<span style="color: black;">尤其</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">重视</span><span style="color: black;">行径</span>规范。</span></p><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;">医脉通:您<span style="color: black;">日前</span>负责管理的HIV感染者中,有多大比例的感染者能够实现快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>?结合您<span style="color: black;">数年</span>的工作经验来看,为了更好地推动“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”,除了来自医护人员的<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>以外,感染者还<span style="color: black;">必须</span>得到<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>的支持和<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>?</strong></span>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">邵英护士长</span></strong><span style="color: black;">:<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>医院<span style="color: black;">日前</span>管理着12000余名HIV感染者,其中 “快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”治疗的比例越来越高,这是一个很好的现象。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">关于<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>更好地推动“快速<span style="color: black;">起步</span>”,<span style="color: black;">选定</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的医务人员、疾控人员等,在<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、转介、治疗及后期随访<span style="color: black;">已然</span>做得比较完善了,<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>更<span style="color: black;">必须</span>来自于家人及社会力量的支持。<span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>,对家人怀有愧疚,不确定家人<span style="color: black;">是不是</span>能够接受其感染这个<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>,<span style="color: black;">常常</span>这种时候,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>独自承受这一切。另出于隐私<span style="color: black;">思虑</span>,<span style="color: black;">她们</span>可能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会找<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>倾诉,自己默默地孤独治疗,<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">败兴</span>的孤军战斗,<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>心理问题,降低生活质量。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>让<span style="color: black;">她们</span>回归到家庭中能得到家庭的有力支持,给<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的爱,就像<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>前面分享的故事里展现的那样,后续的治疗会顺利<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>生活质量。</span></p><strong style="color: blue;">结语</strong>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">“经常去<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>,总是去安慰,是一种人性的传递。作为个管师,<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>的一言一行不仅能使感染者感到温暖和安全,<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>能调动感染者的积极<span style="color: black;">原因</span>,<span style="color: black;">即时</span>解除感染者的心理隐患,<span style="color: black;">加强</span>感染者战胜<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">自信心</span>,并<span style="color: black;">最后</span>战胜<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>。”采访的最后,邵护士长动情地说到。</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/oKJ5O6520ia1iapCibLTccj5SQptHkbX6NYAgBLItAQZn4nOTxZobPicSYIH9HG0M16HicsfLJ7LdWha6qPQ26VeqlA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=5&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
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