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m5k1umn 发表于 2024-6-28 11:40:48

艾滋暗影下的手术困境

    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/epkMDZIvyNB5U0icmb9cqhsXGuE8hTsm4ChdadYMe7qbCyQ2Uj8jcUvHLdbbAuWBhqgXXicfPiareBTubYkBsSFOg/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">世界艾滋病日，地坛医院在门诊楼挂起条幅。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新京报记者王双兴摄</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">在艾滋<span style="color: black;">暗影</span>下的医患双方，面对着<span style="color: black;">相关</span>知情权和生命权的矛盾，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>对方能够换位思考。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，愿意给感染者做手术吗？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>他隐瞒病情，你不觉得有安全隐患吗？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，愿意被<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>拒诊吗？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>隐瞒感染者身份才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>保命，你会怎么<span style="color: black;">选取</span>？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">陈子阳眼看着未婚妻把挂在新房里的结婚照砸了。他收回请柬、取消婚礼，被女方亲友骂「渣男」，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>还是<span style="color: black;">无</span>把真实缘故讲出来。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">陈子阳是湖北一家三甲医院的外科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，今年 3 月，他在手术室经历了职业暴露，为病人缝合伤口的手术针不小心刺破了自己的皮肤。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事后得知，病人隐瞒了艾滋病感染者的身份，这<span style="color: black;">寓意</span>着陈子阳有感染 HIV 的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，尽管<span style="color: black;">即时</span><span style="color: black;">吃下</span>了抗 HIV 病毒阻断药，他还是被这次意外推入到忧虑和恐惧中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而在一千多<span style="color: black;">千米</span>外的四川成都，程序员赵天的生活节奏<span style="color: black;">亦</span>被艾滋病打乱。去年 10 月，他患肛周脓肿住院等待手术，但<span style="color: black;">由于</span>携带艾滋病病毒，他被<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>以<span style="color: black;">「</span>不具备防护<span style="color: black;">要求</span><span style="color: black;">」</span>为由<span style="color: black;">需求</span>出院。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">这般</span>的现象并非个例。<span style="color: black;">本来</span>稀松平常的手术问题，一旦和艾滋病产生<span style="color: black;">相关</span>，便<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的恐慌，以及病人的碰壁。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">没</span>奈之下，前者可能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>拒诊；后者可能<span style="color: black;">选取</span>隐瞒，将 HIV 讳莫如深——恶性循环，又加剧了手术困境。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在艾滋<span style="color: black;">暗影</span>下的医患双方，面对着<span style="color: black;">相关</span>知情权和生命权的矛盾，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>都<span style="color: black;">期盼</span>对方能够换位思考。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，愿意给感染者做手术吗？</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>他隐瞒病情，你不觉得有安全隐患吗？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>你是<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，愿意被<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>拒诊吗？<span style="color: black;">倘若</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>隐瞒感染者身份才<span style="color: black;">能够</span>保命，你会怎么<span style="color: black;">选取</span>？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在 12 月 1 日第 31 个世界艾滋病日到来之前，中国疾控中心、联合国艾滋病规划署、世界卫生组织联合<span style="color: black;">评定</span>，<span style="color: black;">截止</span> 2018 年底，我国估计存活艾滋病感染者约 125 万。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">这个庞大群体所面临的手术问题，让<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，游走在刀锋两端。</span></strong></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的职业就像在刀锋上跳舞</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年 3 月 17 日傍晚五点半，陈子阳所在的医院外科转入一名急诊<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，高烧 39 度多，臀部和腿部大面积化脓性感染，急需手术切排。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">陈子阳让护士给<span style="color: black;">病人</span>抽血送到检验科，但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>当时检验科下班、检测结果<span style="color: black;">没</span>法立刻<span style="color: black;">报答</span>，陈子阳决定先做手术。他问<span style="color: black;">病人</span>有<span style="color: black;">没</span>传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>，对方<span style="color: black;">回复</span>：<span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">切口、排出脓液、冲洗、探查，手术过程顺利。在收尾<span style="color: black;">周期</span>，陈子阳不小心被缝合针刺伤了左手虎口处的皮肤，两毫米深的伤口有血液流出。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>外科手术很容易把自己刺到，就像开车避免不了擦碰。<span style="color: black;">」</span>陈子阳说。他将血液挤出，简单处理后，换了手套继续完成手术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">次日</span><span style="color: black;">晌午</span>，检验科打来<span style="color: black;">tel</span>，反馈前一天的血样检验结果：那位急诊<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">「</span>艾滋、梅毒都是阳性<span style="color: black;">」</span>，CD4 免疫细胞<span style="color: black;">仅有</span> 18 个。陈子阳解释：<span style="color: black;">「</span>该<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>艾滋病发病了，传染性很强。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他立刻到医院感染科取了阻断药，那是专门防止 HIV 病毒扩散、感染艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>，<span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，在<span style="color: black;">第1</span>时间（最好在 2 小时内）采取<span style="color: black;">药品</span>阻断<span style="color: black;">办法</span>、且连续 28 天用药的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下，<span style="color: black;">守护</span>率<span style="color: black;">达到</span> 100%。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但陈子阳服药时，距离职业暴露的时间<span style="color: black;">已然</span>过去了 22 小时，<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">保准</span>最大的阻断效果，他立刻陷入焦虑和恐惧的<span style="color: black;">心情</span>中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">职业暴露后的第<span style="color: black;">1星期</span>，陈子阳<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在失眠，<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>过转行的事情；阻断药的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>：头痛、乏力、腹泻、脱发，查血的结果<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，肝功能和肾功能<span style="color: black;">亦</span>受到影响。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/NzKkzoeG5s1EeyHc8W1TBDD7CicJWiafkgxlmDe9zAqtia1pFGgzQRibKlk0IeQtjEEAqJpvSyl8NLbP6WHN1KFvcw/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">一位医学实习生经历职业暴露后<span style="color: black;">吃下</span>的阻断药。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">受访者供图</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而立之年的陈子阳是一名外科博士，毕业前读了十一年医科，如今是在医院工作的第三年。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他原计划在五一<span style="color: black;">时期</span>和未婚妻举办婚礼，订好了酒席，发完了请柬，但<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>卷入了一场抵抗 HIV 病毒的战争。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">害怕说出实情后未婚妻<span style="color: black;">「</span>来医院闹<span style="color: black;">」</span>，陈子阳<span style="color: black;">选取</span>了保密。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有感染艾滋病的可能，谁敢和你<span style="color: black;">一块</span>生活，谁敢找你看病？<span style="color: black;">」</span>在他看来，艾滋病是个巨大的污名，在<span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">检测</span>结果出来前，他不打算向任何人透露。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>法解释推迟婚期的理由，未婚妻带走了自己的东西，砸了结婚照。陈子阳在一边看着，抽烟。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">7 月份，职业暴露四个月后，陈子阳到武汉大学中南医院查了抗体抗原，阴性，未被感染，<span style="color: black;">「</span>这才松了一口气<span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">他把自己的这段经历<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>到知乎上，一万多条评论，几乎都在替他感到不公和愤慨。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">有人评论说，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的职业就像在刀锋上跳舞。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">无</span>办法做手术</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">但在刀锋的另一端，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>顶着<span style="color: black;">「</span>艾滋病感染者<span style="color: black;">」</span>的帽子，一个庞大的群体始终面临着手术难的困境。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">进手术室前，赵天<span style="color: black;">忽然</span>被叫到<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>办公室。<span style="color: black;">「</span>你是感染者，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>不告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>？你<span style="color: black;">这般</span>做有意思吗？<span style="color: black;">」</span> 看上去不到三十岁的女<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>脸红到脖颈，挑着眉毛，指着<span style="color: black;">「</span>HIV 阳性<span style="color: black;">」</span>的化验结果，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>音量，<span style="color: black;">「</span>你办出院吧，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>防护<span style="color: black;">要求</span>不齐全，<span style="color: black;">无</span>办法给你做手术。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">去年十月起，赵天<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己患上了肛周脓肿，起初只是在小区里的一家诊所敷药、输液，后来<span style="color: black;">「</span>包块越来越大、越来越疼<span style="color: black;">」</span>，于是去了当地的公立肛肠专科医院就诊。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>当时，我在那里收拾东西准备离开，一个病房的人就在旁边盯着我问『你怎么还没做手术就走了啊，<span style="color: black;">为何</span>啊』，<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>尴尬。<span style="color: black;">」</span>赵天回忆。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在社交<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>，他看到不只一个和自己的经历相仿的、被拒诊的案例。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在江西南昌，一位感染者在外务工，遭遇车祸，但在<span style="color: black;">救治</span>过程中，医院<span style="color: black;">由于</span>其 HIV 阳性拒绝<span style="color: black;">供给</span>手术，最后经过志愿者协调，才在<span style="color: black;">次日</span>得以安排手术，但<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">错失</span>了最佳治疗时期不得不截肢。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这些对赵天冲击很大，他<span style="color: black;">起始</span>思考<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有一天自己遇到紧急<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术要怎么办？</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>恐惧可能都是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>不<span style="color: black;">认识</span>吧，有的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>不给艾滋病感染者进行手术，可能是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>他不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>要怎么让自己免于被职业暴露威胁，那我就自己先去学，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有一天<span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术了，我来告诉<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>他应该怎么做。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">理想的状态</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">经历过那次职业暴露后不久，陈子阳又为一位艾滋病感染者做了手术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这位感染者连续被当地两家医院拒诊，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>被转到了陈子阳所在的这家三甲医院，但器械护士和<span style="color: black;">麻木</span>医师不愿意上台，<span style="color: black;">最后</span>陈子阳和<span style="color: black;">专家</span>两个人完<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>手术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>不是任务，我可能不会做了吧。<span style="color: black;">」</span>陈子阳坦言，再<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不想给艾滋病感染者做手术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">《传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>防治法》中<span style="color: black;">需求</span>，<span style="color: black;">「</span>应当由具备传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>救治能力和<span style="color: black;">要求</span>的指定医院来治疗艾滋病<span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而《艾滋病防治条例》第四十一条<span style="color: black;">表示</span>，<span style="color: black;">「</span>医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>不得因就诊的病人是艾滋病病毒感染者<span style="color: black;">或</span>艾滋病病人，推诿<span style="color: black;">或</span>拒绝对其其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>进行治疗。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>说，艾滋病感染者<span style="color: black;">必须</span>到传<span style="color: black;">患病</span><span style="color: black;">选定</span>医院治疗艾滋病，但在去非传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院治疗艾滋病之外的其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>时，医院不得拒诊和推诿。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">事实上，<span style="color: black;">「</span>拒诊和推诿<span style="color: black;">」</span>很难界定，<span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>时候即使<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>住进医院等待手术排期，<span style="color: black;">因为</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>得知其艾滋病感染者的身份，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会以看似合情<span style="color: black;">恰当</span>的理由，<span style="color: black;">诸如不适合手术、<span style="color: black;">意见</span>保守治疗等</span>让对方出院。<span style="color: black;">」</span>一家 NGO 组织的工作者何滨</span><span style="color: black;">（化名）</span><span style="color: black;">介绍。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">而<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>传<span style="color: black;">患病</span><span style="color: black;">选定</span>医院，并不具备综合性医院的学科体系和救治能力。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">地坛医院艾滋病病房副<span style="color: black;">专家</span>医师韩宁介绍，起初，<span style="color: black;">做为</span>传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>专科医院，地坛医院几乎什么外科手术都<span style="color: black;">不可</span>做，如今发展<span style="color: black;">作为</span>综合医院，渐渐有了外科、妇产科、骨科等科室，但依然<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">处理</span>艾滋病感染者可能遭遇的所有问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2003 年，韩宁在为一位艾滋病感染者做腰部穿刺操作时，不小心划伤了手指，有血液流出。这是他 21 年工作中的<span style="color: black;">独一</span>一次职业暴露。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>当时确实<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会担心，<span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>太紧张。<span style="color: black;">」</span>在他看来，传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>接触过的艾滋病感染者较多，明白只要<span style="color: black;">根据</span>规范防护和操作，很少会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>职业暴露的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，就算<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能<span style="color: black;">即时</span>阻断免于感染，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>太多的恐惧<span style="color: black;">心情</span>；反而是普通医院的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">因为</span>不<span style="color: black;">认识</span>、不清楚，会对艾滋病职业暴露的担忧<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了拒诊和推诿的现象。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">他能理解<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>拒诊时的恐惧忧虑，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能理解病人隐瞒病情求医时的迫不得已，<span style="color: black;">「</span>理想的状态是，<span style="color: black;">病人</span>要说，说完<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>得给治。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">对<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>负责，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>对自己负责</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在被<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家医院拒诊后，赵天<span style="color: black;">无</span>举报<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>投诉，只给<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>打<span style="color: black;">tel</span>吐槽了一番。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在<span style="color: black;">博客</span>等社交平台，有遭遇拒诊的艾滋病感染者会把自己的经历<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>出来，<span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>公众的关注。但<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>人<span style="color: black;">选取</span>默不作声，赵天和何滨给出<span style="color: black;">一样</span>的解释：担心隐私被<span style="color: black;">泄密</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">感染者们对几年前的一则<span style="color: black;">资讯</span>印象深刻，<span style="color: black;">由于</span><span style="color: black;">资讯</span>当事人晓峰是为数不多的、将拒诊医院起诉到法庭的人。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2012 年 10 月 11 日，天津的艾滋病感染者晓峰因肺癌入住天津一家医院，几天后，他被确诊 HIV 抗体阳性，医院以不适合手术治疗为由，<span style="color: black;">需求</span>晓峰出院。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">后来，晓峰到了北京地坛医院，但<span style="color: black;">因为</span>地坛医院<span style="color: black;">无</span>胸外科，不具备做肺癌手术的资质，晓峰再一次离开。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">回到天津后，晓峰找到了第三家医院，想到坦白病情会遭拒，于是在入院上交病历时，他将肿瘤医院 HIV 阳性的检测结果覆盖，<span style="color: black;">而后</span>复印上交，避开血检，顺利进行了手术。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">随后，有公益人士将事情经过在<span style="color: black;">博客</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>，生命权和知情权的矛盾<span style="color: black;">快速</span>被推入舆论焦点。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">同情者认为，这是被逼<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈，生命更<span style="color: black;">要紧</span>；反对者控诉，这是自私、不道德、对<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>安全的不负责；<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有感染者站出来，忧心忡忡地问一句：<span style="color: black;">「</span>出来这个事情，是不是以后医院会加大<span style="color: black;">检测</span>力度，不让篡改病例的事情再<span style="color: black;">出现</span>了啊，那<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>以后做手术会不会更难，连作假都作不了？<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">被<span style="color: black;">媒介</span>披露后，国家领导<span style="color: black;">需求</span>采取<span style="color: black;">办法</span>，<span style="color: black;">「</span>既要<span style="color: black;">保证</span>艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>接受医疗救治的权利，不得<span style="color: black;">卑视</span>，又要<span style="color: black;">保证</span>接触救治艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的医务人员<span style="color: black;">自己</span>安全<span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2013 年 2 月 17 日，晓峰以<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人格权受到侵害为由，将拒诊的医院起诉至法院。两年后，经法庭调解，双方达成一致，以<span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">通常</span>人格权被侵害<span style="color: black;">」</span>的名义，医院支付原告晓峰 9.5 万元。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这被感染者们视作<span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span>里程碑<span style="color: black;">道理</span>的反抗<span style="color: black;">」</span>。<span style="color: black;">不外</span>，几年过去，感染者被拒诊的现象依然存在，感染者求医<span style="color: black;">没</span>门时，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>依然会<span style="color: black;">选取</span>隐瞒艾滋病病情。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">前不久，赵天在<span style="color: black;">微X</span>群中看到有艾滋病感染者说，要去医院做胃镜，不想和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>说艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">状况</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">赵天加了对方好友，私信他说，</span><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">哪怕有 1％ 职业暴露的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>应该让<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>；并且，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span><span style="color: black;">认识</span><span style="color: black;">所有</span>病情，<span style="color: black;">才可</span>对症下药，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>治疗其他<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>和治疗艾滋病的抗病毒<span style="color: black;">药品</span>相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>，对身体有害。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>你要对<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>负责，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>对自己负责。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">赵天说。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">困境和曙光</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">赵天看到过一份<span style="color: black;">「</span>不拒诊医院名单<span style="color: black;">」</span>，上面登记着<span style="color: black;">病人</span>们在求医过程中遇到的不拒诊的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和医院名<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>，大<span style="color: black;">体积</span>小的医院、形形色色的科室汇总在<span style="color: black;">一块</span>，给其他感染者<span style="color: black;">供给</span>参考。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">今年年初，艾滋病感染者孟林做了半月板缝补手术。手术在传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院开展，请其他医院的骨科<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>会诊，一切顺利。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span>我的人脉让我有<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的资源，其他感染者可能要面临<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>困难。<span style="color: black;">」</span>孟林说。在过去的近 20 年时间里，他参加国际会议和公益活动、成立 NGO 组织、为感染者的权益做倡导，被<span style="color: black;">媒介</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为<span style="color: black;">「</span>中国存活最久的艾滋病病人<span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2010 年，孟林所在的中国艾滋病病毒携带者联盟与中国人口福利基金会、中国人民大学性社会学<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所和清华大学 NGO <span style="color: black;">科研</span>所合作，<span style="color: black;">一起</span>起草了一份《困境与曙光：中国艾滋病病毒感染者/<span style="color: black;">病人</span>治疗与<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;">情况</span>定性调查报告》。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">报告访谈了<span style="color: black;">包含</span>艾滋病感染者和政府<span style="color: black;">分部</span>、性艾协会、医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>等 124 人，调查<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，治疗困境是感染者面临最严重的问题，而拒绝给病人<span style="color: black;">供给</span>手术是感染者谈得最多的问题。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/epkMDZIvyNB5U0icmb9cqhsXGuE8hTsm4Z15U1miaQtBcJ57Kgwx0iaLl2xfiarvWcsCI5ojJ77rHNthtMwib1rrn6Q/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">困境与曙光：调研报告的封面。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">受访者供图</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在当时，许多艾滋病<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的人士<span style="color: black;">重视</span>到了这份报告，它<span style="color: black;">一样</span>出<span style="color: black;">此刻</span>了王健的邮箱中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">王健是中国中医科学院首席<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员、中国性病艾滋病防治协会副会长，国内<span style="color: black;">第1</span>批从事艾滋病防控和<span style="color: black;">科研</span>的专家。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">办公室的书橱里，放着艾滋病<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的专业书籍，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有艾滋病防控亲历者的口述史，在属于王健的篇幅中，他记录了九十年代的防艾境况。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">当时，<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>的艾滋病感染<span style="color: black;">状况</span>被人用三句话概括：<span style="color: black;">「</span>欧美保持<span style="color: black;">状况</span>，亚洲方兴未艾，非洲<span style="color: black;">没</span>可救药。<span style="color: black;">」</span>它在中国是罕见并且陌生的，是宣传语境下的<span style="color: black;">「</span>超级癌症<span style="color: black;">」</span>、<span style="color: black;">「</span>不治之症<span style="color: black;">」</span>，直接和<span style="color: black;">「</span>死亡<span style="color: black;">」</span>挂钩。感染者崩溃而绝望，离婚、抑郁、<span style="color: black;">自s</span>现象频出，偶尔遇到一个感染者冷静咨询，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>们都会忍不住感慨一句<span style="color: black;">「</span>肯定不是<span style="color: black;">通常</span>人<span style="color: black;">」</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">另一</span>，艾滋病<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一种社会<span style="color: black;">行径</span>性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">由于</span>和<span style="color: black;">「</span>性<span style="color: black;">」</span>紧密相连，直接冲撞着传统的价值观念，容易被贴上有悖于道德的标签，渐渐被污名化、有罪化。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">在王健看来，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的恐艾<span style="color: black;">心情</span>和污名化让艾滋病感染者渐渐和社会隔离，于是不可避免地陷入到手术难的困境中。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2008 年起，王健连续两届担任全国政协委员，之后连续四次就艾滋病感染者手术难的问题递交提案。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">卫生部在 2010 年给王健提案的回函中承认，存在部分医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>推诿和拒绝为艾滋病病人手术的问题，<span style="color: black;">同期</span><span style="color: black;">暗示</span>将加强对医疗<span style="color: black;">公司</span>的培训和管理，<span style="color: black;">科研</span>并制定职业暴露感染艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">赔偿</span>机制，扩大艾滋病<span style="color: black;">选定</span>医院范围。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">2013 年，卫计委宣布，<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>和警察工作时感染艾滋病纳入职业病范畴，可享受工伤保险等<span style="color: black;">薪水</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">韩宁所在的地坛医院提出<span style="color: black;">「</span>大专科、小综合<span style="color: black;">」</span>的建设模式，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>治疗的技术能力、队伍建设、设备配置的<span style="color: black;">同期</span>，又<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>其他科室，<span style="color: black;">例如</span>妇产科、骨科、外科。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">这般</span>一来，艾滋病感染者<span style="color: black;">必须</span>手术的时候就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>直接到传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院<span style="color: black;">处理</span>了。<span style="color: black;">」</span>王健介绍。他<span style="color: black;">认识</span>到，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的模式<span style="color: black;">已然</span>在北京地坛医院、上海公卫中心、沈阳传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院等<span style="color: black;">非常多</span>医院开展。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">艾滋病<span style="color: black;">行业</span>的专家<span style="color: black;">广泛</span>认为，<span style="color: black;">通常</span>医院都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>做到对艾滋病毒的消毒<span style="color: black;">办法</span>。只是和传<span style="color: black;">患病</span>医院的<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>相比，普通医院<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>对艾滋病的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>更少，防护<span style="color: black;">认识</span>更弱，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">必须</span>进行宣传和培训，<span style="color: black;">增多</span>对艾滋病的认知，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>防护的<span style="color: black;">认识</span>和能力。</span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">爱心组织<span style="color: black;">亦</span>在行动。北京市<span style="color: black;">第1</span>家专门从事艾滋病综合关怀的社会团体北京红丝带之家如今 13 岁了，在过去几年，经常有感染者在遭遇拒诊、求医<span style="color: black;">没</span>门时找到<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>的志愿者，<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">途径</span>和资源联系医院和<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>，获取治疗。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_jpg/epkMDZIvyNB5U0icmb9cqhsXGuE8hTsm4QCMLym3nltKZB1g9jQDS3pG1Gf8qoxjOredLa6ga4HXZNAUa8A0EpA/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&amp;tp=webp&amp;wxfrom=5&amp;wx_lazy=1&amp;wx_co=1" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">北京红丝带之家在地坛医院举办第 31 个世界艾滋病日主题活动。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">新京报记者王双兴摄</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">11 月 29 日，北京红丝带之家在地坛医院举办第 31 个世界艾滋病日主题活动，活动中<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>了新书《图说艾滋病职业暴露》，<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>医护人员认识和处理艾滋病职业暴露事件，<span style="color: black;">同期</span>减少对艾滋病<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">供给</span>医疗服务的恐惧。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有一天，艾滋病人<span style="color: black;">能够</span>像<span style="color: black;">通常</span>病人那样公开自己的身份，那就说明这个社会更加宽容，<span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;">大众</span>的认识还达不到。<span style="color: black;">」</span>王健说。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">「在这个社会上<span style="color: black;">无</span>人是独善其身的，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>能理解病人，<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">期盼</span>病人能理解<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>。<span style="color: black;">」</span></span></strong><span style="color: black;">赵天说。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">世界艾滋病日——</span><span style="color: black;">丁香园专题</span></span></strong></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">可回顾<span style="color: black;">文案</span><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">&nbsp;<a style="color: black;">基因编辑<span style="color: black;">不可</span>完全避免 HIV 感染，正确的预防方</a>法都在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">更加多</span><span style="color: black;">专题</span>可点击文末阅读原文参与讨论</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本文首发于公众号「剥洋葱 people」，授权丁香园修改<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>。</span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">文：新京报记者王双兴</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">题图<span style="color: black;">源自</span>：assetsdelivery</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">编辑：胡杰&nbsp; 杨璐</span></span></p>
    <p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="data:image/svg+xml,%3C%3Fxml version=1.0 encoding=UTF-8%3F%3E%3Csvg width=1px height=1px viewBox=0 0 1 1 version=1.1 xmlns=http://www.w3.org/2000/svg xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink%3E%3Ctitle%3E%3C/title%3E%3Cg stroke=none stroke-width=1 fill=none fill-rule=evenodd fill-opacity=0%3E%3Cg transform=translate(-249.000000, -126.000000) fill=%23FFFFFF%3E%3Crect x=249 y=126 width=1 height=1%3E%3C/rect%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>

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