癌症晚期转移后还能活多久？
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><span style="color: black;">
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">本文略长<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>将进行<span style="color: black;">有些</span>关于癌症的科普<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">首要</span>一个问题<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>离癌症有多远<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">国家癌症中心</a></span>数据<span style="color: black;">表示</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>一个人从 40 岁<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>患癌概率<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">提升</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>活到 74 岁<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>累积患癌率 21%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>活到 85 岁<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>累积患癌率 36%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>一个人<span style="color: black;">无</span>因其他<span style="color: black;">原由</span>死亡<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>到头来有三分之一的可能<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-96682c75f8cd0484140270685377edba_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这有多可怕<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>一家三口加双方父母共 7 口人<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>终其<span style="color: black;">一辈子</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>7 人全都不患癌症的概率是 4.4%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>双方父母四人<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>活到 74 岁全都不患癌症的概率是 39%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>再把亲戚<span style="color: black;">伴侣</span>算上<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>几乎<span style="color: black;">无</span>多少家庭能躲开癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>与癌症近在咫尺<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>必要<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最大的致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>是什么<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>——估计你八成会猜错<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">认识</span>癌症有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">途径</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>——肯定不是商家医院的<span style="color: black;">宣传</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗癌症有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">办法</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>——大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人的认知停留在二十年前<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那些</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">已然</span>能治愈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>——你可能认为这是天方夜谭<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">……</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">咱们从头说起<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症来自基因突变<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>即 DNA 出错<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>在最理想<span style="color: black;">情况</span>下<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>DNA 复制转录出错的概率是十亿分之一<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这是人体衰败的主因<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是人类进化的根源<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这十亿分之一的概率能<span style="color: black;">不可</span>消除<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">从硬件上说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>人体的本质是一堆化学反应<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>化学反应的本质是原子外层电子的相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>量子力学告诉<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>电子的本质是个不<span style="color: black;">可靠</span>的家伙<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>它的<span style="color: black;">行径</span>只能用概率描述<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>要把化学反应的出错率降到零<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>是不可能的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这十亿分之一的概率会不会<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">影响化学反应实在是一件很容易的事情<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但凡能<span style="color: black;">导致</span> DNA 出错的东西<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>都叫致癌物<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>判断一个东西<span style="color: black;">可否</span>致癌并不<span style="color: black;">容易</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>除了<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>权威<span style="color: black;">公司</span><span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的不知有多少可信度的致癌物<span style="color: black;">名单</span>之外<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>不妨从癌症统计数据中再找些规律<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">举荐</span>国家癌症中心每年<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的全国癌症统计报告<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>值得专门撰文<span style="color: black;">诠释</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">不外</span>咱这儿就简单从最新<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>的报告里摘几个结论<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>城市发病率高于农村<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>农村死亡率高于城市<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>城市农村癌症种类差异<span style="color: black;">显著</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>男性发病率排<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>肺癌<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>女性发病率排<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>乳腺癌<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">6<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>男女死亡率排<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>肺癌<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">该<span style="color: black;">重视</span>啥<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>心里有点数了没<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>像医学养生这类知识<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">针对</span>外行<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>去看微观<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>不如看宏观统计<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>这份报告蕴藏的信息量非常大<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>全篇背诵<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">还有一份<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">美国癌症学会</a></span>出的<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>癌症统计报告<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>学术价值更大一点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">意见</span>全篇略读<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>有个结论估计能让人大跌眼镜<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">你猜猜<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">全世界</span>癌症发病率最高的国家都有<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>丹麦<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>挪威<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>法国<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>新西兰<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>比利时……一水儿的发达国家<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而中国的癌症发病率远<span style="color: black;">小于</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">日本德国</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>没想到吧<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是<span style="color: black;">为么</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>他<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>活得太长了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>人均寿命排行榜和癌症发病率排行榜如出一辙<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>虽然有些穷国家的统计很粗糙<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但不影响这个基本结论<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">当然<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有例外<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>日<span style="color: black;">自己</span>均寿命排<span style="color: black;">第1</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但癌症发病率<span style="color: black;">仅有</span> 40 名<span style="color: black;">上下</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span>美国人均寿命第 30-40 名<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但癌症发病率有望杀入十强<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span>中国人均寿命大约 50 名<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌症发病率大约 80 名<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">不外</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>咱这两个排名都在<span style="color: black;">明显</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>不知是该高兴还是<span style="color: black;">哀痛</span>……</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">媒介</span>老是拿"癌症发病率<span style="color: black;">提升</span>"这事来证明环境污染越来越严重<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但搞笑的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这其实是迈向发达国家的标志<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>国家癌症中心的结论<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>中国癌症发病率的<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">重点</span>由寿命<span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>标化发病率水平基本持平<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>同一年龄段的癌症发病率并<span style="color: black;">无</span><span style="color: black;">增多</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以上内容都是引用<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>别和我争<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>下面才是个人观点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>人均寿命和癌症发病率相结合<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">做为</span>食品安全与环境污染的<span style="color: black;">评估</span>指标<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这方面<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>中国比预想中好<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最少</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>继续恶化<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>还有好转的趋势<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>或许还能媲美普通发达国家<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌症死亡率则是<span style="color: black;">评估</span>整体医疗水平的<span style="color: black;">重要</span>指标<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这方面<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>中国与发达国家差距甚大<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>60% 的癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>活<span style="color: black;">不外</span> 5 年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而发达国家的这一数据<span style="color: black;">仅有</span> 20%-40%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>十年前的中国是 70%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">回到微观<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌症到底是个什么东西<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">人体大约 50 万亿个细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>都从一个受精卵分裂而来<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>受精卵在刚<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>一分二<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>二分四<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>四分八……这德性和癌细胞没什么两样<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但从某个时间<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这种<span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂的开关被关了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>细胞分化出不同类型<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>神经细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>皮肤细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>肌肉细胞等等<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这些细胞有个<span style="color: black;">一起</span>点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>寿命一到就得死亡<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">（</span></span>暂不论生殖细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">）</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">操作</span>这一切的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>基因<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">基因<span style="color: black;">持续</span>突变<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只要凑巧把这个开关打开了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>细胞就会重启<span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂的技能<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这种细胞其实和正常细胞差别不大<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只是它<span style="color: black;">无</span>寿命限制<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>会<span style="color: black;">没</span>限分裂<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>靠数量把人体压垮<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">说到底<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">便是</span>追求长生不老的正常细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>并且它成功了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>暂时还<span style="color: black;">不消</span>怕<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>咱有免疫系统<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">癌细胞<span style="color: black;">显现</span>后<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>会和免疫系统上演一场<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>适者<span style="color: black;">存活</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span>的戏码<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>其实正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span>都会产生不少癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>毕竟咱有十亿分之一的突变概率嘛<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只<span style="color: black;">不外</span>它们都会被免疫系统清除<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>各位<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>给免疫系统的功劳簿上再记一笔吧<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但免疫系统并不是<span style="color: black;">一起</span>铁板<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>漏洞<span style="color: black;">亦</span>就比筛子少一点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">没</span>数前仆后继的癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只要撞上了漏洞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就能发展成癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">因此</span>癌症种类非常多<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这还没完<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>能躲过免疫系统追杀的癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>基因突变概率<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">尤其</span>高<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>从十亿分之一<span style="color: black;">加强</span>到百万分之一<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是等闲<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>于是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>更快的分裂速度<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>更高的突变概率<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>使得癌细胞进化速度暴增<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">不仅</span>把免疫系统打<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>筛子<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>对<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>具备很强的抵抗力<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更恐怖的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌细胞还能进化出组织能力<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">能够</span>派<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">侦察兵</a></span>寻找好<span style="color: black;">地区</span>并<span style="color: black;">隐藏</span>下来<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>一旦主基地被毁<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>发展第二基地<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">操作</span>这一切的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是基因<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">把癌细胞在人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>的演化<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>看成生命在地球上的演化<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就不会惊讶于癌细胞表现得像<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">智慧生物</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>人<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>每次基因突变<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>一场赌局<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只要赌的时间足够长<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>总有输的一天<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>俗话说得好<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>哥来到这个世界上<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就没打算活着回去<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌症能根治吗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">抬个杠<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>什么叫治疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">仍以感冒为例<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>感冒由病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>治疗<span style="color: black;">便是</span>杀病毒<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>病毒是被免疫系统杀死的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>问题来了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">帮助</span>免疫系统更快更好地杀病毒<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>算不算治疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span><span style="color: black;">例如</span>喝水<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">例如</span>吃饭<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>又<span style="color: black;">或</span>是某些特殊的尚不<span style="color: black;">知道</span>的化学物质<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">例如</span>中药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>这个<span style="color: black;">专题</span>放一边<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再抬个杠<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>什么叫根治<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>把癌细胞杀的一个不剩叫根治<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>那就别想了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>即便正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span><span style="color: black;">每日</span>都会产生癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>把发展成癌症的那类癌细胞杀光了叫根治<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>那<span style="color: black;">亦</span>很麻烦<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">由于</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">始终</span>在变异<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>你<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>都分不清<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>新癌细胞是从正常细胞变异来的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>还是从老癌细胞变异来的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌症治愈后 10 年再得癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>10 年前那次治疗算根治吗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">不抬杠了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌症<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不叫根治<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而叫<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在治疗后<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>即便用最先进的检测技术证明所有参数都正常了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不敢说根治<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>要等一段时间再说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>要等多久呢<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5 年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这个 5 年有什么深刻机理吗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span><span style="color: black;">欠好</span>意思<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只是个统计数据<span style="color: black;">罢了</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>3 年不复发<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>80% 的可能是治愈了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span>5 年不复发<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>90% 的可能是治愈了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span>抱歉<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这个世界<span style="color: black;">无</span> 100% 的事情<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span>认为<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>在 5 年内<span style="color: black;">无</span>复发<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就算治愈了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-84dae8c7a3c7b8260b985dbf5e3f3d6a_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">中学生物知识复习的差不多了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>下面说些<span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个成年人应该<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>的东西<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">先把个人观点亮这儿<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>把人类与癌症的对抗看成一场持久战的话<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">此刻</span><span style="color: black;">最少</span>是战略相持<span style="color: black;">周期</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>人类的抗争<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>从小米加步枪的战斗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>一路成长到海陆空天全方位的高科技战争<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是一部精彩绝伦的战争大片<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>人对癌症的印象<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>切除+<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">放疗</a></span>/化疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">而后</span>等死<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这显然是<span style="color: black;">极重</span>的误解<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>放化疗对人体细胞算是<span style="color: black;">没</span>差别攻击<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>虽是<span style="color: black;">没</span>奈之举<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>那么不堪<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">无</span>扩散<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">况且</span>长在能切的部位<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>切除确实是最好的办法<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>治愈率非常高<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>说十拿九稳<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不夸张<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">老生常谈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>治疗癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>最<span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">然则</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌细胞组织<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>松散<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>很容易脱落<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>若遇到庸医<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>把肿瘤弄破了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>哪怕只是逃出去几个癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>很可能就会<span style="color: black;">西山</span>再起<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>1 克的肿瘤团块<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就有 10 亿个癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>掉下一丁点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>妥妥就少半条命<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">最麻烦的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>任何技术<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>都<span style="color: black;">没</span>法检测出<span style="color: black;">身体</span>残存的少量癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>更分不出这是手术后残留的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>还是手术前扩散的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>都得等上三五年再说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>找个好<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>动刀<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>必要<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这儿又有一个让你意向不到的事情<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>单就手术开刀这个环节<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>中国<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>的水平是<span style="color: black;">全世界</span>顶级的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;">没</span>他<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>唯手熟尔<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对中国<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>日均 1 例手术都不叫个事<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>一年手术量够国外<span style="color: black;">大夫</span>做<span style="color: black;">一生</span>了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>手术量大的医院<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>手艺都不会太差</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>没法手术<span style="color: black;">或</span>担心手术后有残留<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>并且癌细胞祸害的区域仍在局部<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">思虑</span>放疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">（</span></span>化学<span style="color: black;">药品</span>治疗叫化疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">放射性治疗</a></span>叫放疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">）</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传统放疗<span style="color: black;">通常</span>用<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">伽马射线</a></span>之类的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这玩意儿简直<span style="color: black;">便是</span>机枪扫射<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>不管好人<span style="color: black;">暴徒</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>鸡犬不留<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">况且</span>放射线本身<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是一种致癌物<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>正常 DNA 出错的概率<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>贼大<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">为了减少副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">近期</span>几年<span style="color: black;">专家</span>正在尝试用质子束进行放疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">所说</span>的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">质子疗法</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是放疗的一种<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然这技术前景尚不明朗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">日前</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">无</span>表现出更出色的疗效<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span>贵<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>癌细胞扩散全身<span style="color: black;">或</span>白血病这类非实体肿瘤<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">一般</span>就得化疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">用化学药治疗的<span style="color: black;">规律</span>是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>先找到癌细胞和正常细胞的区别<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>再<span style="color: black;">研发</span>相应的化学<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>但癌细胞源自正常细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>两者差别不大<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>早些年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>只<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>癌细胞比正常细胞分裂速度更快<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">没</span>奈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只能拿这个做<span style="color: black;">文案</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">初期</span>的化疗药不管正常细胞和癌细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只是粗暴地<span style="color: black;">控制</span>所有细胞的分裂速度<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>这下就炸锅了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">瞧瞧</span>正常细胞的更新周期<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>肠细胞 2-5 天<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>皮肤细胞 28 天<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>白细胞 2-3 周<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>红细胞 4 个月<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>肝细胞 5 个月……<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>神经细胞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>心肌细胞等<span style="color: black;">少许</span>细胞是<span style="color: black;">一生</span>不更新的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">化疗药这么蛮干<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>虽然对<span style="color: black;">控制</span>癌细胞<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>效<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但<span style="color: black;">亦</span>对人体产生了系统性的<span style="color: black;">消极</span>影响<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span>最显眼的<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>分裂旺盛的头发被<span style="color: black;">长时间</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>后<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>大多<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>光头<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">可即便是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>两害相权取其轻<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span>的妥协<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>依然耗费了<span style="color: black;">没</span>数人的心血<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-eba2bcf8358dc4215cc8bddf618dacfc_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">太平洋紫杉</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>红豆杉的一种<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>从紫衫树皮中提取的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>紫杉醇<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>号<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>抗癌<span style="color: black;">第1</span>药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">专家</span>花了 20 年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>测试了 3 万个样本<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>才找到这个迄今为止最优秀的天然抗癌药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">认识</span>其抗癌原理要懂些高中生物知识<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>简单<span style="color: black;">来讲</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>紫杉醇会让微管蛋白聚成一团<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>纺锤体形成<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>破坏有丝分裂<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞分裂卡在 DNA 合成后期<span style="color: black;">没</span>法继续<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">紫杉醇一经<span style="color: black;">面世</span>便疗效斐然<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>对复发性卵巢癌的有效率都达到了 30%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span>这在上世纪 80 年代是爆炸性事件<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>要不是环保组织拦着<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">紫衫</a></span>差点被砍到绝种<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>(认真点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这不是玩笑<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span>)</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这儿有个严肃的事情<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span>人不问原理<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>只听说红豆杉能抗癌<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就把它当成防癌补品来用<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>抗癌和防癌是一回事<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>那子弹就<span style="color: black;">能够</span>当防弹衣用了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>当<span style="color: black;">她们</span><span style="color: black;">晓得</span>紫杉醇是<span style="color: black;">控制</span>细胞分裂的化疗药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>正<span style="color: black;">一般人</span>吃了和吃毒药差不多的时候<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>不<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>是个啥表情<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">顺便捅一下马蜂窝<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>你说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这玩意儿算中药吗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>算中药治疗癌症的例证吗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>还嫌<span style="color: black;">不足</span>热闹的话<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>再捅几下<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>从秋水仙提取的<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">秋水仙碱</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>从长春花提取的长春花碱<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>从美登木提取的美登木素<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>都是<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span>微管蛋白的聚合(<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">紫杉醇</a></span>是让微管蛋白过分聚合)<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>破坏纺锤体成形<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>让细胞分裂停止<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然长春花<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>美登木很早<span style="color: black;">便是</span>一味药材了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>在传统医学里<span style="color: black;">运用</span>颇多<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>其抗癌<span style="color: black;">成份</span>的是美国人和加拿<span style="color: black;">成人</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>从确定疗效到确定<span style="color: black;">成份</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>再到提纯<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>再到人工合成<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>再到改进配方<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>所费心血不知凡几<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">举个例子<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>法国<span style="color: black;">专家</span> <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">Potier</a></span>在用 10-DAB 合成紫杉醇的过程中<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>一个中间产物叫 <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">RP5676</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>比紫杉醇更能结合微管蛋白<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>后来这个中间产物就<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>新的抗癌药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">多西他赛</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">手术<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>放疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">、</span></span>化疗是癌症治疗三大利器<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>三者<span style="color: black;">常常</span>结合<span style="color: black;">运用</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>有些局部治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>用化疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>有些全身治疗<span style="color: black;">亦</span>用放疗<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>虽然是<span style="color: black;">没</span>差别攻击<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但只要治疗得当<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>三大利器对付癌症还是<span style="color: black;">特别有</span>效的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">不外</span>癌症治疗是极其<span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的工作<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">否则</span> IBM 花了几百亿的 <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">Watson 系统</a></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>不会铩羽而归<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">因此</span>没法指望<span style="color: black;">每一个</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>都能制定完美的治疗<span style="color: black;">方法</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">治疗得当是幸运<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>治疗失当<span style="color: black;">亦</span>不稀奇<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">信息时代的坏处是人人都<span style="color: black;">晓得</span>放疗化疗的副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这种心理暗示在治疗过程中<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的<span style="color: black;">损伤</span>不容小觑<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>再遇到一个庸医<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>那治疗就和催命没啥区别了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">本来</span>免疫系统在和癌细胞的攻防战中还能勉强维持<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>放化疗一顿瞎搞<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>杀敌八百自损一千<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>可人家癌细胞恢复力强啊<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>等它们缓过劲发动第二波攻势<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>就剩摧枯拉朽了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">听过<span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">大夫</span>感慨说<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>癌症死亡有三分之一是被吓死的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>还有三分之一是治疗<span style="color: black;">欠妥</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>最后三分之一才是真正<span style="color: black;">没</span>力回天<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>当然<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>感慨只是感慨<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>当不得真<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">再一句老生常谈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>好<span style="color: black;">心理</span>和好<span style="color: black;">大夫</span><span style="color: black;">一样</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">做个小结<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span></strong></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">做为</span>一个合格的成年人<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>应该要<span style="color: black;">晓得</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>大部分<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症完全<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>手术治愈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>稍微严重点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>加上放化疗还是能<span style="color: black;">容易</span><span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>治愈<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">；</span></span><span style="color: black;">仅有</span>严重的癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>才不得不听天由命<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">幸运的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>到了 21 世纪<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>癌症治疗<span style="color: black;">起始</span><span style="color: black;">再也不</span>是简单粗暴的<span style="color: black;">没</span>差别攻击<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而是寻找癌细胞和正常细胞之间<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>的不同点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这<span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>靶向药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span>的概念<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">让<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>人类<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个靶向药的<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>来领略一下科技的风采吧<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1959 年<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">美国费城</a></span>有 2 位<span style="color: black;">科研</span>员<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>意外<span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">慢粒白血病</a></span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的 22 号染色体<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>短小<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这一<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>冲击了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>癌症由病毒<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span>的主流观点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>医学界<span style="color: black;">马上</span>沸腾了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">22 号染色体消失的部分去了哪里<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>13 年后<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>芝加哥的<span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了慢粒白血病<span style="color: black;">病人</span>另一条<span style="color: black;">反常</span>染色体<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>9 号染色体变长了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">到了这会<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">便是</span><span style="color: black;">咱们</span>这些外行<span style="color: black;">亦</span>能猜到<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>两条染色体断裂后形成易位<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>22 号染色体的长臂<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>跑到了 9 号染色体上<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span><span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">火速</span>证实了这一点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>并<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>之为费城染色体<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-38fa89d66bdddc14b56d865fc02e361d_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">俩染色体易位有什么后果<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">？</span></span>又过了 13 年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">专家</span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>9 号染色体断点的 <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">ABL 基因</a></span>编码是一种促进细胞分裂的激酶<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这种激酶是<span style="color: black;">保准</span>正常细胞分裂所需的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>活性会受到严格<span style="color: black;">掌控</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>但 ABL 基因和 22 号染色体断点的 <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">BCR 基因</a></span>结合之后<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>使得激酶像电脑程序卡死<span style="color: black;">同样</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>始终<span style="color: black;">处在</span>高活性状态<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>细胞分裂<span style="color: black;">失去控制</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">专家</span>给这个发疯的激酶取了个名字<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">BCR-ABL 蛋白</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>只要把 BCR-ABL 注入小白鼠<span style="color: black;">身体</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>小白鼠就会有白血病症状<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>经过反复实验<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>证实<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>BCR-ABL 正是<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">慢性粒细胞白血病</a></span>的<span style="color: black;">原由</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://picx.zhimg.com/80/v2-b3919e99415fd456095e919f7a6490e5_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">靶子<span style="color: black;">最终</span>找到了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>接着<span style="color: black;">便是</span>打靶了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">医药<span style="color: black;">机构</span>这个时候才会介入<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">起始</span>烧钱<span style="color: black;">开发</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>可即便如此<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>足足烧了 15 年<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人员<span style="color: black;">持续</span>设计和修饰<span style="color: black;">药品</span>分子<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span><span style="color: black;">研发</span>出一种<span style="color: black;">反常</span><span style="color: black;">繁杂</span>的<span style="color: black;">药品</span>分子<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种全新的化学<span style="color: black;">成份</span>学名<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">甲磺酸伊马替尼</a></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>商品名<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span>格列卫<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>它<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">控制</span> BCR-ABL 蛋白的活性点<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>对慢粒白血病有奇迹般的效果<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而正常细胞<span style="color: black;">无</span>这种蛋白<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">因此</span>副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>非常有限<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">有趣的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这玩意儿不像紫杉醇是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">「</span></span>纯天然提取的绿色<span style="color: black;">制品</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">」</span></span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>而是人为设计并合成的新化学<span style="color: black;">成份</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>但论副<span style="color: black;">功效</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>能把纯天然的紫杉醇甩开几条街<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span>多嘴一句<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>纯天然和健康完全是两码事<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>本质还是要看里面的化学反应<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>别忘了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>古代毒药基本都是纯天然的<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">格列卫于 2001 年 5 月<span style="color: black;">经过</span> <span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">FDA</a></span> <span style="color: black;">准许</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">全部</span>审批过程不到三个月<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>创造了 FDA 审批<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的最快记录<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>并评为当年的十大科技突破<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>是人类抗癌历史的里程碑<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">格列卫凭借一己之力<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>将<span style="color: black;">本来</span>是绝症的慢粒白血病变<span style="color: black;">成为了</span>类似高血压<span style="color: black;">这般</span>的慢性病<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>五年<span style="color: black;">存活</span>率超过 90%<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span>只要<span style="color: black;">定时</span>吃药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活和普通人没两样<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>寿命<span style="color: black;">亦</span>有<span style="color: black;">保证</span><span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>是<span style="color: black;">日前</span>最成功的靶向药<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">更为欣喜的是<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>格列卫虽然<span style="color: black;">不可</span>直接让错位的染色体恢复正常<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但给了人体系统充足的备战时间<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span><span style="color: black;">最后</span>大<span style="color: black;">大概</span> 30%-40% <span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">费城染色体</a></span>转为阴性<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
<div style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><img src="https://pic1.zhimg.com/80/v2-5237954909a1b787ab66c40c70c9c7de_720w.webp?source=1def8aca" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">捋一下思路<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">：</span></span><span style="color: black;">发掘</span><span style="color: black;"><a style="color: black;">癌细胞机理</a></span>-人为设计<span style="color: black;">药品</span>分子-<span style="color: black;">处理</span>癌症<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>这<span style="color: black;">招数</span>看着<span style="color: black;">没</span>比痛快<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>但想到<span style="color: black;">开发</span>投入就<span style="color: black;">没</span>比痛心了<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">！</span></span>若是有些捷径<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">，</span></span>自然<span style="color: black;">不该</span>客气<span style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">。</span></span></p>
</span></div>
楼主的文章非常有意义，提升了我的知识水平。 “NB”（牛×的缩写，表示叹为观止） 你的见解独到，让我受益匪浅，期待更多交流。 软文发布平台 http://www.fok120.com/ 谷歌外链发布 http://www.fok120.com/ 楼主果然英明！不得不赞美你一下！
页:
[1]