家属患了肺癌，会不会遗传给后代呢？
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌<span style="color: black;">拥有</span>遗传性吗？<span style="color: black;">一般</span><span style="color: black;">非常多</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>或家属会问到类似的问题。那<span style="color: black;">咱们</span>在<span style="color: black;">这儿</span>探讨一下<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症的癌基因问题。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240509/c61df225c7e84b40a07e42daac987942.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">早在20世纪60年代，随着病毒性癌基因的<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>，为特定基因<span style="color: black;">能够</span>诱发肿瘤<span style="color: black;">供给</span>了<span style="color: black;">第1</span>个证据。迄今为止，人们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了每一种肿瘤都表达将近100个癌基因的特征。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>人们还<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌基因表现为显性促生长基因，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>单个基因发生突变，影响细胞的活化，并不足以<span style="color: black;">引起</span>肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">科研</span>人们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>癌基因的活化<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>蛋白质产物过表达、过度活化、失调或错误定位，而癌基因的激活多<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在癌变的演变<span style="color: black;">周期</span>而不是<span style="color: black;">初始</span><span style="color: black;">周期</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span>单个癌基因的激活<span style="color: black;">一般</span>不足以<span style="color: black;">导致</span>恶性转化。<strong style="color: blue;">而家族聚集性癌症更可能<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>多<span style="color: black;">原因</span><span style="color: black;">导致</span>的，例如：遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>、环境<span style="color: black;">原因</span>等多<span style="color: black;">原因</span>的结合。</strong></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">01.肿瘤的家族聚集现象</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤常有的家族聚集现象指的是家族中有2个或<span style="color: black;">更加多</span>亲属患过类似的癌症。<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span><span style="color: black;">那样</span>亲属间患癌症的<span style="color: black;">危害</span>可能会<span style="color: black;">增多</span>。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>认为，<strong style="color: blue;">癌症并不是直接的遗传性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>仍有<span style="color: black;">少许</span>癌症的发病<span style="color: black;">原因</span>可能是<span style="color: black;">因为</span>家庭<span style="color: black;">原由</span></strong>，<span style="color: black;">因此</span>这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下家族中<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>有人患癌，<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">她们</span>的子女患癌的几率会比<span style="color: black;">通常</span>健康家庭的子女多，<span style="color: black;">咱们</span><span style="color: black;">叫作</span>这些癌叫做遗传型家族性癌。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q3.itc.cn/images01/20240509/08f335aee7e24b9587196394c67ec0ee.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这种遗传<span style="color: black;">原因</span>形成的影响，在医学上被<span style="color: black;">叫作</span>为是“遗传易感性”。虽然肿瘤是一种有遗传倾向的<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>并不是肿瘤病人的后代就会有肿瘤。<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">日前</span>只能说<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家族中有癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，<span style="color: black;">那样</span>在相同的致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>刺激下，后代得癌症的几率<span style="color: black;">通常</span>会比别人大，至于几率大多少，那就不得而知了，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">通常</span><span style="color: black;">来讲</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>的<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>还是与<span style="color: black;">关联</span>致癌<span style="color: black;">原因</span>刺激<span style="color: black;">相关</span></strong>。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">02.<span style="color: black;">那样</span><span style="color: black;">引起</span>肺癌的基因都有<span style="color: black;">哪些</span>呢？</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">日本癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>会癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所和自治医科大学的一个联合<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组<span style="color: black;">颁布</span>，<span style="color: black;">她们</span>新<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>了<span style="color: black;">导致</span>肺癌的5种遗传基因。这些新<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>的遗传基<span style="color: black;">由于</span>融合的基因，该<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>对<span style="color: black;">研发</span>新的治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span><span style="color: black;">拥有</span><span style="color: black;">要紧</span><span style="color: black;">功效</span>。癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>所竹内贤吾项目主管和自治医科大学间野博行教授领导的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>小组，对在癌症<span style="color: black;">科研</span>会医院接受手术的1500位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>肺癌标本的遗传基因进行可分析，<strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">发掘</span>负责激活ROS1、EGFR和RET细胞的酶的遗传基因与其融合的5种基因<span style="color: black;">诱发</span>了肺癌</strong>。这种酶<span style="color: black;">本来</span><span style="color: black;">仅在</span>必要时被激活，但融合后细胞<span style="color: black;">没</span>秩序增殖<span style="color: black;">引起</span>癌症<span style="color: black;">出现</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240509/e72487b2a7b04fb28d0fdc116868f8ec.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">03.肺癌<span style="color: black;">通常</span>不遗传</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肺癌是一种后天病，病人之<span style="color: black;">因此</span>得上肺癌，<span style="color: black;">重点</span><span style="color: black;">原由</span>是吸烟、大气污染、职业<span style="color: black;">原因</span>等，<span style="color: black;">因此</span><span style="color: black;">倘若</span>家族中有肺癌病史，后代<span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span><span style="color: black;">定时</span>影像学<span style="color: black;">检测</span>，血肿瘤标志物，基因检测等<span style="color: black;">办法</span>进行<span style="color: black;">定时</span>监控，以做到早<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>、早治疗。</p>
<h1 style="color: black; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 10px;"><strong style="color: blue;">04.学会预防</strong></h1>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240509/83905b379e32456f8b0b8fd593b97282.jpeg" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">对肺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的家属<span style="color: black;">来讲</span>，<span style="color: black;">倘若</span>能够及早预防，是<span style="color: black;">能够</span>防止肺癌<span style="color: black;">出现</span>在自己身上的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">膳食</span></strong>，要做好自我保健，改变不良<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>习惯，少吃油炸、熏烤<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、戒烟限酒，多吃<span style="color: black;">有些</span>防癌<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如<span style="color: black;">番茄</span>、番薯、牛奶等；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">习惯</strong>，要养成良好的生活习惯，作息规律；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;">运动</strong>，加强体育<span style="color: black;">熬炼</span>，<span style="color: black;">加强</span>抵抗能力；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><strong style="color: blue;"><span style="color: black;">心理</span></strong>，还要保持良好的<span style="color: black;">心理</span>，正确看待癌症。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">另外</span>，每年要<span style="color: black;">定时</span>进行体检筛查，一旦<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>有<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症迹象，就要<span style="color: black;">即时</span>治疗，<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>病情。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">参考资料</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">1、 Katherine A. Schneider著，张学，季加孚，徐兵河译；《肿瘤遗传咨询》；2016年11月，人民卫生出版社；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">2、 杨欣，林冬梅；《中国肺癌杂志》2016年6月第19卷第6期 ；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">3、 Geoffrey R. Oxnard， MD，Vincent A.，et al. Screening for Germline EGFR T790M Mutations Through Lung Cancer Genotyping. J Thorac Oncol，2012,7；</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">4、Petty TL. The early identification of lung carcinoma by sputum cytology.Cancer,89;2461;</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">5、 王翎，王光杰，夏雪鸣等，痰液癌基因突变的检测在肺癌诊断中的应用，中华结核和<span style="color: black;">呼气</span>杂志；21；280</p>
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