原创 90%的癌症死亡与转移相关,那样癌症是怎么样转移的呢?
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然癌症的<span style="color: black;">科研</span>、诊断和治疗方面取得了重大<span style="color: black;">发展</span>,但不可否认的是,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span>晚期<span style="color: black;">显现</span>了转移的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>,想要治愈仍然很难。并且,90%与癌症<span style="color: black;">关联</span>的死亡都<span style="color: black;">是由于</span>转移性<span style="color: black;">疾患</span>而非原发性肿瘤<span style="color: black;">导致</span>的。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">那样</span>肿瘤是<span style="color: black;">怎么样</span>从原发位置转移到远处组织,这一过程又<span style="color: black;">触及</span>了<span style="color: black;">那些</span><span style="color: black;">过程</span>呢?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240419/a36a482563dd4c4284d3e8cd126c3cc5.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q9.itc.cn/images01/20240419/bb157360b76f481ab0de2c4a1bc2fdf2.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">一.肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">经过</span>“开关”入侵<span style="color: black;">周边</span>组织</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤细胞的传播过程包含侵袭—转移的初始<span style="color: black;">过程</span>,使</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">能够</span>把上皮—间质转化过程简单的理解为像</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240419/cc2590588ba944508f3284144305520a.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然传统的肿瘤<span style="color: black;">出现</span>模型认为肿瘤转移是晚期事件,但<span style="color: black;">日前</span>已有<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">显示</span>,</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">二肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在循环系统中存活</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">虽然癌细胞<span style="color: black;">经过</span>血流的时间可能<span style="color: black;">仅有</span>几分钟,但仍<span style="color: black;">没</span>法<span style="color: black;">保准</span>肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span>安全到达远处实质组织。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">这是一段“冒险”的旅途。循环肿瘤细胞在途中将遇到多重障碍,<span style="color: black;">包含</span>在循环系统中遭受<span style="color: black;">理学</span>压力而<span style="color: black;">引起</span>破碎,以及在循环中容易遭受免疫攻击,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是天然杀伤细胞的靶向快速消除。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q2.itc.cn/images01/20240419/231098a60b214b98858fd8e004a10fb2.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">但“侥幸”的是,肿瘤细胞会受到其他细胞的“<span style="color: black;">帮忙</span>”,<span style="color: black;">尤其</span>是血小板、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞/巨噬细胞和内皮细胞,<span style="color: black;">经过</span>相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>,促进远处传播和外渗。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240419/a1201432d7f64b5aba244bff2b8172ff.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">三肿瘤细胞克服“<span style="color: black;">阻碍</span>”到达远处组织</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">肿瘤细胞的外渗<span style="color: black;">必须</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">而在某些<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,肿瘤细胞的外渗可能<span style="color: black;">基本</span>不<span style="color: black;">必须</span>跨内皮迁移过程。这是<span style="color: black;">由于</span>阻滞的肿瘤细胞在血管腔内增殖,<span style="color: black;">引起</span>大的管腔内肿瘤群落的生长,<span style="color: black;">最后</span>使<span style="color: black;">周边</span>的内皮壁破裂,从而能够直接进入实质组织。<span style="color: black;">另外</span>,肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">能够</span><span style="color: black;">经过</span>诱导内皮细胞的程序性坏死而渗出,从而产生转移。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240419/d1e85b3c038347fbad24f3a0e8c927f6.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">四肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">怎样</span>在实质组织中形成病灶?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">然而,绝大<span style="color: black;">都数</span><span style="color: black;">处在</span>循环系统中的肿瘤细胞似乎并<span style="color: black;">无</span>准备好在远处器官环境中生长;<span style="color: black;">乃至</span><span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">已然</span>“设法”外渗出的肿瘤细胞的命运似乎<span style="color: black;">便是</span>从实质组织中消除或进入休眠状态,<span style="color: black;">几周</span>、数月<span style="color: black;">乃至</span>数年。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q0.itc.cn/images01/20240419/eb8b5b3ed50547cb9b5b09e600bb6077.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">传播的肿瘤细胞(DTCs)离开原发性肿瘤,进入循环系统,经历了漫长的“旅行”。当它们<span style="color: black;">发掘</span>自己处在一个“陌生”的环境,缺乏熟悉的基质细胞、生长因子和细胞外基质,会<span style="color: black;">由于</span>“不适应”而<span style="color: black;">没</span>法继续增殖并<span style="color: black;">引起</span>进入<span style="color: black;">长期</span>的生长停滞状态。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">要紧</span>的是,最快到达的肿瘤细胞在实质组织中会遇到某些抗增殖信号,使得肿瘤细胞“主动”休眠。休眠的肿瘤细胞可能生活在某些特定的位置,肿瘤细胞<span style="color: black;">能够</span>存活,却<span style="color: black;">不可</span>增殖,并且很可能<span style="color: black;">针对</span>治疗<span style="color: black;">药品</span>产生抗性。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240419/2da777416c5e40f19ab4f9074bb9c9b0.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">转移生长的许多<span style="color: black;">周期</span>,肿瘤细胞都<span style="color: black;">必须</span>适应新的“生态”环境以及与<span style="color: black;">各样</span>基质细胞相互<span style="color: black;">功效</span>(<span style="color: black;">包含</span>内皮细胞,成纤维细胞以及先天和适应性免疫系统)来逃避免疫系统的杀伤并自我生长。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">在<span style="color: black;">有些</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>下,转移生态位的形成可能<span style="color: black;">实质</span>上早于肿瘤细胞的到达,即<span style="color: black;">所说</span>的转移前生态位。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240419/6212203df5b34d37ae274bea11fcf95b.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">为何</span>部分<span style="color: black;">初期</span>癌症会复发?</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">日前</span>除了手术外,<span style="color: black;">针对</span>转移肿瘤的治疗策略与相应原发肿瘤的治疗策略基本相同。但</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">以乳腺癌为例,乳腺癌转移的<span style="color: black;">重点</span>途径是淋巴和血行。有<span style="color: black;">科研</span><span style="color: black;">表示</span>多达36%的乳腺癌<span style="color: black;">病人</span>(分期I-III)骨髓里都<span style="color: black;">能够</span>找到微转移灶,而</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q5.itc.cn/images01/20240419/c169e30c667146179ab2b5f8e89c4948.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">几乎<span style="color: black;">日前</span>所有的细胞毒性疗法都会</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>,针对休眠肿瘤细胞及其临床复发的预防性辅助治疗,<span style="color: black;">能够</span>说是癌症的最佳治疗机会。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回首页,查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">外链论坛:http://www.fok120.com/</p>
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