原创 癌症病人在做放化疗过程中，不得不晓得的膳食护理办法
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">大部分癌症<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在放疗或化疗的过程中，<span style="color: black;">因为</span>治疗的不良反应<span style="color: black;">显现</span>恶心呕吐、食欲缺乏、白细胞或血小板减少等症状。这些痛苦的症状都会严重影响<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">平常</span>生活，有的<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">乃至</span>被迫中断了预定的治疗计划。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q4.itc.cn/images01/20240525/06fbed8a76954d25b7326ab95de2f6b3.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><span style="color: black;">这儿</span>向<span style="color: black;">大众</span>介绍的是，肿瘤医院的营养管理室是<span style="color: black;">怎样</span><span style="color: black;">按照</span>每一位<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的<span style="color: black;">区别</span><span style="color: black;">状况</span>来制作一日三餐的。<span style="color: black;">她们</span>的<span style="color: black;">目的</span>是尽一切<span style="color: black;">奋斗</span>减轻患者的<span style="color: black;">各样</span>痛苦症状，想方设法让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>多吃进一口<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，多消化吸收一点营养，以<span style="color: black;">保准</span>治疗计划的顺利完成。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（1）恶心呕吐。在放疗或化疗中，恶心呕吐等症状是最早<span style="color: black;">亦</span>是最容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>的不良反应之一。对症处理有以下六项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①减少每次的食量，<span style="color: black;">增多</span>就餐的次数。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②料理中的作料不要太多，限定在1种或2种，口味要清淡，即采用单一的调味料。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③给予冷饮、冰镇<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>、冷面、冷豆腐等<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④<span style="color: black;">掌控</span>油腻、油炸<span style="color: black;">食品</span>的摄入。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤每顿饭菜<span style="color: black;">必定</span>要换<span style="color: black;">花招</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥<span style="color: black;">针对</span>反复呕吐的<span style="color: black;">病人</span>，要有<span style="color: black;">认识</span>地少量多次<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>水分。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑦中医<span style="color: black;">护理</span>，结合今幸护命素来<span style="color: black;">护理</span>病人身体的体制，降低胃肠道的刺激降低化疗副<span style="color: black;">功效</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（2）食欲缺乏。其<span style="color: black;">原由</span>有身体与精神两方面的<span style="color: black;">原因</span>。不思<span style="color: black;">膳食</span>只是一时性的症状，不要过分忧虑。对症处理有以下五项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①不要过于强调“就餐”的概念，<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>挑选自己<span style="color: black;">爱好</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">食品</span>准备的量要少，但品种要多，<span style="color: black;">这般</span>容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>的食欲。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③经常变换主食，可将白米饭和稀饭换成面条、面包、醋饭（在热米饭里掺入少量的香醋），<span style="color: black;">或</span>多准备几种，就餐前让<span style="color: black;">病人</span>自己<span style="color: black;">按照</span>当时的口味来挑选<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④准备多种的酱小菜、汤类、<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>类的食品。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤充分利用营养<span style="color: black;">补贴</span>食品。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q6.itc.cn/images01/20240525/20e8616f30c14f2ca05c953ad2620e9f.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（3）口腔干燥、口腔溃疡。化学疗法可能<span style="color: black;">导致</span>消化道黏膜炎症或溃疡；放射治疗可能会使唾液腺萎缩，<span style="color: black;">显现</span>口干舌燥、口腔溃疡。对症处理有以下七项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①避免食用过冷或过热的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②避免食用过硬或油炸的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③<span style="color: black;">食品</span>的口味尽可能清淡，避开醋制<span style="color: black;">食品</span>、柑橘类<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>以及辛辣调味料。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④将固体<span style="color: black;">食品</span>研碎，调成糊状食用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤多吃<span style="color: black;">饱含</span>水分的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，最好是煮的或是蒸的，可吃烂饭、稀饭、烂面条，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可将面包浸泡牛奶后食用。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥保持口腔内湿润，随身携带饮料或<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑦中医认为，放射线治疗容易给人<span style="color: black;">身体</span>加热，并积蓄毒素，<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>极易<span style="color: black;">损害</span>人体的阴液（体液），<span style="color: black;">显现</span>口腔干燥、舌头发红、喜饮冷水、大便秘结、夜间盗汗等症状。这种<span style="color: black;">状况</span>下应该多吃养阴清热（<span style="color: black;">增多</span>体液、解除虚热）的蔬菜<span style="color: black;">果蔬</span>，如白兰瓜、甘蓝菜、草莓、猕猴桃等<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q1.itc.cn/images01/20240525/8c11828d37d7464a8f658481f16dfd4a.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（4）腹部胀满。<span style="color: black;">因为</span>放射线或化学<span style="color: black;">药品</span>的影响，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>胃肠运动缓慢，容易<span style="color: black;">显现</span>消化不良、便秘，<span style="color: black;">从而</span><span style="color: black;">显现</span>腹胀、胃痛，<span style="color: black;">况且</span>饭后更甚。对症处理有以下四项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">选取</span>容易消化的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，尽可能切细，并采用煮、蒸等制作法，使<span style="color: black;">病人</span>食后易于消化吸收。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②避免食用高脂肪、高<span style="color: black;">食品</span>纤维、易产气的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如肥肉类、薯类、豆类、香菇类、啤酒、碳酸饮料等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③<span style="color: black;">细细咀嚼</span>可减少胃肠的<span style="color: black;">包袱</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>可防止将空气<span style="color: black;">一块</span>咽进消化道内。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④多吃酸牛奶等能够调节肠内细菌群的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（5）味觉<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。<span style="color: black;">病人</span>在<span style="color: black;">运用</span>某些抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>后，<span style="color: black;">或</span><span style="color: black;">病人</span>头颈部的癌症经过放射线治疗后，舌头的味蕾细胞减少，<span style="color: black;">或</span>舌头的感受性降低，从而<span style="color: black;">显现</span>味觉<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。<span style="color: black;">另一</span>，舌神经若受到<span style="color: black;">损害</span>，<span style="color: black;">亦</span>会<span style="color: black;">出现</span>味觉<span style="color: black;">反常</span>。对症处理有以下两项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①频繁少量地<span style="color: black;">弥补</span>水分，防止口腔内干燥；仔细地刷牙，清除舌苔。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②防止<span style="color: black;">身体</span>锌的不足。平时<span style="color: black;">重视</span>多吃牛肉、动物肝脏、黄豆制品、糙米、牡蛎等<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;"><img src="//q7.itc.cn/images01/20240525/6dddd53e1ee94fd6aaf3d64daa788bc1.bmp" style="width: 50%; margin-bottom: 20px;"></p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">（6）白细胞或血小板减少。抗癌<span style="color: black;">药品</span>与放射线治疗都有可能<span style="color: black;">控制</span>骨髄功能，<span style="color: black;">导致</span>白细胞或血小板减少。虽然<span style="color: black;">病人</span>的自觉症状不是太多，<span style="color: black;">然则</span>容易<span style="color: black;">导致</span>细菌或病毒感染。对症处理有以下六项要点。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">①<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span><span style="color: black;">选取</span><span style="color: black;">鲜嫩</span>的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">②<span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免生吃<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如生鱼片、生肉、生鸡蛋、生蔬菜等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">③避免食用容易繁殖细菌的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>，如酱小菜、蜜饯等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">④发酵食品<span style="color: black;">亦</span><span style="color: black;">尽可能</span>避免食用，如豆豉、奶酪、酸牛奶等。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑤白细胞减少之时，<span style="color: black;">常常</span><span style="color: black;">亦</span>是恶心呕吐等症状<span style="color: black;">爆发</span>之时，<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">针对</span><span style="color: black;">食品</span>的摄取<span style="color: black;">因此呢</span>受到<span style="color: black;">必定</span>的影响，<span style="color: black;">身体</span>蛋白质<span style="color: black;">常常</span>不足，要<span style="color: black;">重视</span>给<span style="color: black;">病人</span><span style="color: black;">弥补</span><span style="color: black;">饱含</span>蛋白质的<span style="color: black;">食品</span>。</p>
<p style="font-size: 16px; color: black; line-height: 40px; text-align: left; margin-bottom: 15px;">⑥血小板减少时，为了防止<span style="color: black;">流血</span>加剧，<span style="color: black;">必须</span>禁酒。<a style="color: black;"><span style="color: black;">返回<span style="color: black;">外链论坛：http://www.fok120.com/</span>，查看<span style="color: black;">更加多</span></span></a></p>
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